Eradicating malnutrition income growth or nutrition programs?: essay from IFPRI's 1999-2000 Annual Report

Recent research from IFPRI and its partners shows the potential for income growth to improve nutritional status. Encouragingly, income growth indeed contributes to improved nutritional status in 12 countries studied. The authors show how nutrition programs can reduce malnutrition faster, how better nutrition will raise income. They conclude that income affects nutrition, and nutrition in turn affects income. This can be a vicious circle or a virtuous one. Poverty reduction and effective direct nutrition interventions are needed to move us from the vicious to the virtuous.Malnutrition., Nutritional status, income growth, Nutrition programs, Poverty alleviation,

Bird Population Changes Following the Establishment of a Diverse Stand of Woody Plants in a Former Crop Field in North Dakota, 1975– 2015

Changes in the coverage of trees and shrubs on the North Dakota landscape since Euro- American settlement have likely had a pronounced impact on bird species that favor woody vegetation. Long- term data sets on breeding bird populations in wooded habitats in North Dakota or in the Great Plains are scarce. In 1975 a wildlife habitat plot was established in a 10.5 ha cropland field with a long history of small- grain production. Th e objective of this article is to evaluate the successional changes in bird populations as the habitat at this site became more biologically and structurally complex aft er the establishment of a diverse stand of shrubs and trees. Between 1975 and 2015, 103 species or varieties of native and non- native trees, shrubs, or vines were planted in this wildlife habitat plot (hereaft er woodlot); 58.2% of those species were still present in 2016. Th e avian community in the woodlot increased in abundance and diversity as the woody vegetation increased in complexity and maturity, but the changes in abundance varied among ecological bird groups. Grassland bird abundance remained relatively constant but uncommon throughout the four decades aft er woody vegetation was first established. Bird species associated with shrublands and open woodlands and edges responded positively and showed the greatest increases in abundance during the 41- year period. Th e abundance of bird species associated with open areas with scattered trees or shrubs (i.e., savanna habitat) increased during the first half of the study but declined during the second half. Bird species associated with forest habitats were rare throughout the 41- year period, but their abundance increased during the most recent two decades. Results of this study are important for informing decisions about restoration efforts of riparian forests and other native wooded areas in the Great Plains and setting expectations for the time- scale required for the return of assemblages of species of woodland birds

The distribution of the spores of aerobic, lactose-fermenting, spore-forming bacilli in nature

LD2668 .T4 1954 H8Master of Scienc

A study of religious broadcasting policies and practices of the Methodist Church, 1948 to 1958

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Call Me Back, Pal, O\u27 Mine : Waltz

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/1142/thumbnail.jp

An Alternative to Student\u27s t-Test for Problems With Indifference Zones

Consider a sample from a normal population with mean, μ, and variance unknown. Suppose it is desired to test H0:μ ≤ μ0 versus H1:μ ≥ μ1, with the region HI1:μ0 \u3c μ \u3c μ1 being a (nonempty) indifference zone. It is shown that the usual Student\u27s t-test is inadmissible for this problem. An alternative test is proposed. The two sided problem with indifference region is also discussed. By contrast with the above result, the usual Student\u27s t-test is admissible here. However the two sided version of the alternative test mentioned above does offer some practical advantages relative to the two sided t-test. A 3-decision version of the two sided problem is also discussed. Here the t-test is inadmissible, and is dominated by the appropriate version of the alternative test. The results concerning tests are also reformulated as results about confidence procedures

Reducing child undernutrition

How rapidly will child undernutrition respond to income growth? This study explores that question using household survey data from 12 countries. In addition, data on the undernutrition rates since the 1970s available from a cross-section of countries are employed in this investigation. Both forms of analysis yield similar results. Income increases at household and national levels imply similar rates of reduction in undernutrition. Using these estimates and better-than-historical income growth rates, we find that the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving the levels of child underweight by 2015 is unlikely to be met through income growth alone. What is needed is a balanced strategy of income growth and investment in more direct interventions to accelerate reductions in undernutrition.Food security. ,Income Developing countries. ,Malnutrition. ,Children Nutrition. ,

Drivers of people's preferences for spatial proximity to energy infrastructure technologies: a cross-country analysis. ESRI WP583, February 2018

Many countries plan to decarbonise their energy systems by increasing energy efficiency and expanding the use of renewable energy sources (RES). Such actions require significant investments in new energy infrastructures. While people are generally accepting of these infrastructures, opposition sometimes arises when these developments are sited at close proximity to people's residences. Therefore, it is important to understand what actually drives people's preferences for spatial proximity to different energy infrastructure technologies. This study examines the factors influencing people's proximity preferences to different energy technologies using a cross-country econometric analysis of the stated preference data from an unprecedented survey conducted on nationally representative samples of the population in Ireland, the US and Germany. The survey involved more than 4,500 participants in total. This paper presents the data and selected results from a generalised ordered logit model for each energy technology surveyed. These are; wind turbines, solar power technology, biomass power plant, coal-red power plant and natural gas power plant. The results show that, in general, German and Irish citizens are willing to accept energy infrastructures at smaller distances to their homes than their US counterparts. Moreover, attitudinal factors are found to shape people's preferences more consistently than any of the socio-demographic characteristics

Bird Population Changes Following the Establishment of a Diverse Stand of Woody Plants in a Former Crop Field in North Dakota, 1975– 2015

Changes in the coverage of trees and shrubs on the North Dakota landscape since Euro- American settlement have likely had a pronounced impact on bird species that favor woody vegetation. Long- term data sets on breeding bird populations in wooded habitats in North Dakota or in the Great Plains are scarce. In 1975 a wildlife habitat plot was established in a 10.5 ha cropland field with a long history of small- grain production. Th e objective of this article is to evaluate the successional changes in bird populations as the habitat at this site became more biologically and structurally complex aft er the establishment of a diverse stand of shrubs and trees. Between 1975 and 2015, 103 species or varieties of native and non- native trees, shrubs, or vines were planted in this wildlife habitat plot (hereaft er woodlot); 58.2% of those species were still present in 2016. Th e avian community in the woodlot increased in abundance and diversity as the woody vegetation increased in complexity and maturity, but the changes in abundance varied among ecological bird groups. Grassland bird abundance remained relatively constant but uncommon throughout the four decades aft er woody vegetation was first established. Bird species associated with shrublands and open woodlands and edges responded positively and showed the greatest increases in abundance during the 41- year period. Th e abundance of bird species associated with open areas with scattered trees or shrubs (i.e., savanna habitat) increased during the first half of the study but declined during the second half. Bird species associated with forest habitats were rare throughout the 41- year period, but their abundance increased during the most recent two decades. Results of this study are important for informing decisions about restoration efforts of riparian forests and other native wooded areas in the Great Plains and setting expectations for the time- scale required for the return of assemblages of species of woodland birds