An Automatic ANFIS System for Classifying Features from Remotely Sensed Images Using a Novel Technique for Correcting Training and Test Data

The pattern data is collected by sampling the remotely sensing images, the training and test data for each feature could have wrong data belongs to the other features. This affected the performance of the trained nets. To enhance the proposed classifier efficiency, train it on corrected training data. So, a novel technique is applied to correct the training and test data, started by removing the noise pixels for all features. After that the training and test data are improved by excluding all repeated pixels that having the same colour values. This article presents the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) working in an automatic way. It is designed to classify environmental features which have occurred from the Colorado wildfire. They are fires, dark fires, ash fires, clouds, ground and vegetation. These features are recorded by remotely sensed images. The system can rebuild the architecture of the ANFIS net according to three parameters. They are the kind of Membership Function (MSF), the number of MSF, and number of epochs. The proposed system is trained on the three groups. With each group, the system is designed having the ability to do many trials until get the best ANFIS net and find the best classification on test data and images. The system is applied on four different images, in order to check the performance of the trained ANFIS nets. The trained system provides an excellent classification of test data sets and the performance is 99.9%. Our study demonstrated the proposed classifier efficiency is improved; it is trained on corrected training data. Due to all specified features are correctly classified from the provided images. In addition to, the processing time for all experiments is reduced by about 50%

Review of Gamow-Teller and Fermi Transition Strength Functions

We studied the temperature effect in isospin-singlet pairings in Gamow-Teller excitations. We use theories of a hole-particle in the mean field shell model studied decay transition using the one-particle-one-hole model for the $\beta$-decay of odd-even isotopes and the two-particle-hole models for the $\beta$-decay of even-even and/or odd-odd isotopes. Our reference isotopes for the one-particle-one-hole model are \ce{^{15}O}, \ce{^{15}N}, \ce{^{17}F}, and \ce{^{41}Sc}, whereas for the two-particle-hole model we use \ce{^{16}N} (for $\beta^-$-decay) and \ce{^{56}Ni} and \ce{^{40}Sc} (for $\beta^+$/EC). The calculations involve evaluating the matrix elements of Gamow -Teller and Fermi transitions, then calculate the reduced transition probabilities of Gamow-Teller and Fermi, from which we evaluate the half-lives and the strength function $ft$. The results are compared with the available experimental data. For one-particle-one-hole model we found there is a deviation from experimental values which indicates that the model is not valid for beta decay for the even-even nuclei in the ground state due to the residual nucleon-nucleon interaction. As for a two-particle-hole model, we calculated the transition amplitude, from which we calculated the strength of the transition $\log ft$ values. We found an excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical results. By drawing the relationship between temperature versus $\log ft$ values, we found the general trend is that the strength function values slowly decrease as temperatures increases. There are fluctuations $\log ft$ due to the strongly dependent of $\log ft$ on the shell configuration of the valence nucleons.Comment: 40 pages, 11 figure

Novel Color Image Compression Algorithm Based-On Quadtree

This paper presents a novel algorithm having two image processing systems that have the ability to compress the colour image. The proposed systems divides the colour image into RGB components, each component is selected to be divided. The division processes of the component into blocks are based on quad tree method. For each selection, the other two components are divided using the same blocks coordinates of the selected divided component. In the first system, every block has three minimum values and three difference values. While the other system, every block has three minimum values and one average difference. From experiments, it is found that the division according to the G component is the best giving good visual quality of the compressed images with appropriate compression ratios. It is also noticed, the performance of the second system is better than the first one. The obtained compression ratios ofthe second system are between 1.3379 and 5.0495 at threshold value 0.1, and between 2.3476 and 8.9713 at threshold value 0.2

Enhanced optical properties of Cd–Mg-co-doped ZnO nanoparticles induced by low crystal structure distortion

The growth of CdxMg0.125-xZn0.875O nanoparticles with yellow-orange luminescence is achieved up to 2.5 at. % Cd via a modified sol–gel process. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that all the nanoparticles have the hexagonal wurtzite structure. It is found that Cd doping has a considerable effect on the crystal size, microstrain, band gap, and photoluminescence of the Mg0·125Zn0·875O structure, originating from a preferred crystallographic orientation along the (101) plane of the wurtzite structure. The shift and broadening of the E2(high) mode observed in the Raman spectra due to growth-induced strain corroborates the small distortion observed in the X-ray diffraction data. The optical band gap varies from 3.21 eV to 2.74 eV, being redshifted with increasing Cd concentration (from 0 at. % to 2.5 at. %). The photoluminescence obtained with an excitation wavelength of 325 nm has a broad yellow-orange emission peak at around 640 nm due to transitions related to oxygen vacancies and interstitial oxygen atoms. We located the yellow-orange emission in the chromaticity coordinate diagram in the 2683–2777 K colour temperature region, demonstrating that CdxMg0.125-xZnO0.875 nanoparticles have potential applications in white light-emitting diodes.publishe

Control de estabilidad de un robot por medio de señales ultrasónicas

Actualmente son diversos los métodos utilizados para la medición de una inclinación de un cuerpo respecto a una referencia o un marco fijo, pero el problema radica en los costos que estos acarrean, siendo este un factor limitante para el desarrollo científico cuando se dispone de bajos recursos económicos. En Este punto es en donde se hace relevante la investigación y el desarrollo en materia de tecnología llevado a cavo, en este articulo, ya que la finalidad del presente proyecto, consiste en proporcionarle estabilidad a un robot autónomo de un solo eje, para lo cual se hace necesario, la implementación de un sistema de control de inclinación. El sistema de detección de inclinación desarrollado, está basado en el ultrasonido como herramienta principal de medición de distancia entre dos puntos equidistantes del eje central de la plataforma robótica, la cual es inestable por naturaleza. Mediante este nuevo método, se ha logrado establecer magnitudes de inclinación del orden de fracciones de grados, ya que los transductores piezoeléctricos en conjunto con la electrónica implementada, brinda gran precisión en las medidas realizadas

Chapter 7: Wetlands

Contains fulltext : 205862.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Limited impacts of experimental flow releases on water quality and macroinvertebrate community composition in an upland regulated river

River regulation following the construction of dams has affected the hydrology, water quality, and biology of watercourses across the globe. The term “environmental flows” has been used to describe measures that can be employed to return some lost elements of the natural flow regime. Their introduction has been suggested as a way to mitigate the impacts of river regulation throughout the world, but understanding of the effects of artificial high flows on water quality and biota is limited for many different river types. We report a field study that manipulated compensation flows from reservoirs in the Pennine uplands of northern England and measured changes in water quality and benthic macroinvertebrates using a before‐after‐control‐impact approach. These resulted in minor short‐term changes in water quality, but there was no evidence of immediate (within 48 hr) responses by the macroinvertebrate community to individual flow releases. However, a shift in macroinvertebrate community composition was found after multiple releases, characterized by reductions in Amphinemura sulcicollis (Plecoptera) and Baetis rhodani (Ephemeroptera) and changes in the density of all Diptera. The introduction of short‐term flow pulses in flashy regulated river systems is unlikely to yield significant changes in water quality and biota. Nevertheless, cumulative rather than single environmental flow events show promise for mitigating some of the impacts of river regulation. More widely, our findings indicate that environmental flow releases from reservoirs may have to go beyond occasional experimental high flow releases if these rivers are to more closely mimic unregulated river systems