Gradual electrical‐double‐layer modulation in ion‐polymer networks for flexible pressure sensors with wide dynamic range

To realize flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity, surface-textured soft films have often been adopted and the contact area can vary significantly depending on the applied pressure. However, the contact area modulation realized in such a way is subject to a limited dynamic range, and its infinitesimal zero-pressure contact area raises concerns regarding durability. Herein, a flexible pressure sensor made of a texturing-free piezocapacitive layer based on ion-polymer networks is proposed. In this scheme, ion infiltration leads to electrical-double-layer modulation that gradually varies over a wide range of applied pressures. The proposed flexible pressure sensors with the optimal ion concentration are shown to exhibit both excellent mechanical durability and linear responses with high sensitivity over a wide pressure range up to 1 MPa. With the simple fabrication route, high performance, and reliability, the proposed approach may open up a new avenue for skin-like pressure sensors ideal for many emerging applications

The newly recorded genus Manoba Walker, 1864 with four species in Laos (Lepidoptera: Nolidae: Nolinae)

The paper contains information on a newly recorded genus Manoba Walker (1864), with four Laotian species (M. lativittata (Moore, 1888), M. gyulaipeteri László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010, M. dorothea László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2014 and M. tristicta (Hampson, 1900)). Color figures of adults and genitalia of the examined species are provided

Multifunctional Materials Platform for Implantable and Wearable Photonic Healthcare Devices

Numerous light-based diagnostic and therapeutic devices are routinely used in the clinic. These devices have a familiar look as items plugged in the wall or placed at patients' bedsides, but recently, many new ideas have been proposed for the realization of implantable or wearable functional devices. Many advances are being fuelled by the development of multifunctional materials for photonic healthcare devices. However, the finite depth of light penetration in the body is still a serious constraint for their clinical applications. In this Review, we discuss the basic concepts and some examples of state-of-the-art implantable and wearable photonic healthcare devices for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. First, we describe emerging multifunctional materials critical to the advent of next-generation implantable and wearable photonic healthcare devices and discuss the path for their clinical translation. Then, we examine implantable photonic healthcare devices in terms of their properties and diagnostic and therapeutic functions. We next describe exemplary cases of noninvasive, wearable photonic healthcare devices across different anatomical applications. Finally, we discuss the future research directions for the field, in particular regarding mobile healthcare and personalized medicine. Multifunctional materials are critical to enable next-generation implantable and wearable photonic healthcare devices. This Review examines these emerging materials and discusses the path for their clinical translation, along with the future research directions for the field, particularly regarding mobile healthcare and personalized medicine.11Nsciescopu

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Supplemental data of the study

Data from: Outcomes after ischemic stroke caused by intracranial atherosclerosis versus dissection

Objective To compare the outcomes between patients with non-traumatic intracranial arterial dissection (ICAD) and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) using high-resolution MRI (HR-MRI). Methods We conducted a prospective study using HR-MRI in patients with acute symptomatic cerebrovascular disease due to intracranial occlusive disease and no dissection on luminal images. Patients were followed-up for 27.9 ± 19.3 months. We compared the functional outcome, recurrence, and changes in vascular status between patients with ICAD (dissection and no plaque on HR-MRI) and ICAS (atherosclerosis plaque on HR-MRI). Results We included 312 patients (mean age, 59.0 ± 14.2 years; men, 58.3%), of whom 113 had ICAD and 199 had ICAS. The functional outcome (as measured by modified Rankin score) on the 90th day after symptom onset was not different between the groups, after adjusted for other factors (P = 0.095). However, recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular disease on the relevant vascular territory was lower in the ICAD group (7 patients, 6.2%) than in the ICAS group (37 patients, 18.6%). ICAD was a significant independent determinant of disease recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19–0.98). Improvement in vascular stenosis on follow-up vascular studies was more frequently observed in ICAD (50.7%) than in ICAS (11.6%). ICAD was an independent determinant of vascular improvement (odds ratio, 7.94; 95% CI, 3.32–19.01). Conclusion Considering the high prevalence of ICAD in the patients with presumed ICAS and the differential outcomes between ICAD and ICAS, HR-MRI may be a useful diagnostic tool in this population

Toward Near-Foldable Surface Light Sources with Ultimate Efficiency: Ultrathin Substrates Embedded with Micron-Scale Inverted Lens Arrays

Foldable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are essential building blocks for portable devices with expandable screens as well as more futuristic systems such as wearable or body-attachable electronic devices. Although various approaches have been proposed to realize foldable OLEDs, the efficiency enhancement techniques developed for their rigid counterparts are not always applicable due to the strict thickness limitations, making it challenging to achieve very high efficiency in a foldable OLED. Here, we propose ultrathin substrates embedded with an inverted microlens array (IMLA) as a platform on which to design and realize OLEDs that can be bent at sub-100 μm bending radius while also exhibiting very high light outcoupling efficiency. By noting the periodic arrangement of the patterns in the IMLA, the potential effects of optical diffraction on the overall emission pattern and efficiency enhancement are carefully analyzed by incorporating a bidirectional scattering distribution function via a trans-scale approach. Neutral-plane engineering is also done with finite element method simulations that examine the effect of the IMLA structures on the local modulation of the strain and stress in ultrathin devices, where the feature size of the IMLA is comparable to the overall thickness of the whole device. With the proposed method, highly efficient foldable OLEDs are demonstrated that show the maximum external quantum efficiency to be as high as 58% without optical side effects and that can withstand 10,000 trials of repeated folding cyclic tests at a bending radius of 50 μm

Multifunctional materials for implantable and wearable photonic healthcare devices

Numerous light-based diagnostic and therapeutic devices are routinely used in the clinic. These devices have a familiar look as items plugged in the wall or placed at patients' bedsides, but recently, many new ideas have been proposed for the realization of implantable or wearable functional devices. Many advances are being fuelled by the development of multifunctional materials for photonic healthcare devices. However, the finite depth of light penetration in the body is still a serious constraint for their clinical applications. In this Review, we discuss the basic concepts and some examples of state-of-the-art implantable and wearable photonic healthcare devices for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. First, we describe emerging multifunctional materials critical to the advent of next-generation implantable and wearable photonic healthcare devices and discuss the path for their clinical translation. Then, we examine implantable photonic healthcare devices in terms of their properties and diagnostic and therapeutic functions. We next describe exemplary cases of noninvasive, wearable photonic healthcare devices across different anatomical applications. Finally, we discuss the future research directions for the field, in particular regarding mobile healthcare and personalized medicine. Multifunctional materials are critical to enable next-generation implantable and wearable photonic healthcare devices. This Review examines these emerging materials and discusses the path for their clinical translation, along with the future research directions for the field, particularly regarding mobile healthcare and personalized medicine.1