Hva mener grunneieren? - En grunneierundersøkelse om hjorteforvaltning langs vestkysten av Norge

To know the degree of stakeholders’ agreement, or opposition to policies, can be of great importance for successful management. Simultaneously, there is a need for knowledge that combine wildlife and social interactions. In the management of ungulates in Norway, the landowner is a main stakeholder because of their hunting rights to their property. They are often actively involved in the practical aspects of hunting and define the aims of perennial management plans. Their thoughts, interests and commitment can therefore be key elements to functioning wildlife management. There are few studies addressing ungulate management based on social aspects in Scandinavia. We designed a web-based questionnaire for landowners in five counties along the west coast of Norway. Through this thesis, we wanted to explore landowner’s different opinions and attitudes surrounding the present management of red deer (Cervus elaphus). An important focus was to examine the state of satisfaction and cooperation within various management units. Further, we were especially interested to investigate which improvements the landowner think are necessary in order to achieve a better deer management and how any of these changes are considered appropriate. This thesis shows a general overview of landowners’ attitudes towards red deer management. Our main findings indicate that landowners, in general, are satisfied with current practices. The degree of satisfaction with organizations and cooperation of red deer management were highest in local management units and decreased with the spatial scale. Landowners disagree that increased size of local management unit (vald) is a solution to improve current management. Despite this, we did find a correlation between proportions satisfied and size of local management units, where landowners involved in large valds were most satisfied. Cooperation is something that landowners perceive as preferable to achieve management objectives, and these views are not only limited to self-centred interests, but also considered in a larger perspective. They tolerate a certain browsing damage on pastures up to a threshold value, simultaneously an increased quota would affect the degree of satisfaction. Although larger areas are appropriate in a management perspective considering migratory red deer, landowners’ ability to interact over equivalent areas can be a challenge.Innsikt i interessegruppers grad av enighet, eller motsatt, er viktig for å oppnå en vellykket forvaltning. Samtidig er det behov for kunnskap som kombinerer viltforvaltning og sosiale interaksjoner. På bakgrunn av grunneierens ansvar for organisering av jakt, sammenstilling av forvaltningsplaner og jaktrettigheter på deres eiendom, er grunneieren ansett som en viktig interessegruppe i norsk hjorteforvaltning. Grunneierens tanker, interesser og engasjement kan derfor være nøkkelfaktorer for fungerende forvaltning. Det finnes få studier som adresserer hjorteviltforvaltning basert på sosiale aspekter i Skandinavia. Vi gjennomførte en internettbasert spørreundersøkelse til grunneiere i fem fylker langs vestkysten av Norge. Gjennom denne oppgaven ville vi med kvantitativ metode undersøke grunneierens meninger og oppfatninger rundt forvaltning av hjort (Cervus elaphus) ut ifra dagens praksis. I tillegg ville vi undersøke graden av fornøydhet og samarbeid i ulike forvaltningsenheter. Videre var vi spesielt interessert i å undersøke hvilke forbedringer grunneier mener er nødvendig for å oppnå en bedre hjorteforvaltning og om disse endringene er gjennomførbare. Denne oppgaven viser en generell oversikt over grunneierens meninger om dagens forvaltning. Hovedfunnene våre indikerer at grunneieren er fornøyd med dagens praksis og at samarbeidet fungerer bra i lokale forvaltningsenheter, men at den synker i takt med hierarkiske inndeling av forvaltningsenhetene (jaktfelt/vald – kommune). De er uenige i at økt størrelse på vald er en løsning for å forbedre dagens forvaltning, til tross for at vi fant en korrelasjon med valdstørrelse og andelen fornøyde grunneiere, der store vald hadde flest fornøyde grunneiere. Videre uttrykker de at de ser nødvendigheten av grunneiersamarbeid tilknyttet hjorteforvaltning og at det er større fordeler enn ulemper med samarbeid. Grunneiere tolerer ett visst beitetrykk på innmark opp til et terskelnivå, samtidig vil økt kvote påvirke fornøydhetsgraden. Våre resultater tyder på at selv om større areal er passende i et forvaltningsperspektiv med tanke på migrerende hjort, så kan grunneiernes evne til å samhandle over tilsvarende areal være en utfordring.M-N

Hva mener grunneieren? - En grunneierundersøkelse om hjorteforvaltning langs vestkysten av Norge

To know the degree of stakeholders’ agreement, or opposition to policies, can be of great importance for successful management. Simultaneously, there is a need for knowledge that combine wildlife and social interactions. In the management of ungulates in Norway, the landowner is a main stakeholder because of their hunting rights to their property. They are often actively involved in the practical aspects of hunting and define the aims of perennial management plans. Their thoughts, interests and commitment can therefore be key elements to functioning wildlife management. There are few studies addressing ungulate management based on social aspects in Scandinavia. We designed a web-based questionnaire for landowners in five counties along the west coast of Norway. Through this thesis, we wanted to explore landowner’s different opinions and attitudes surrounding the present management of red deer (Cervus elaphus). An important focus was to examine the state of satisfaction and cooperation within various management units. Further, we were especially interested to investigate which improvements the landowner think are necessary in order to achieve a better deer management and how any of these changes are considered appropriate. This thesis shows a general overview of landowners’ attitudes towards red deer management. Our main findings indicate that landowners, in general, are satisfied with current practices. The degree of satisfaction with organizations and cooperation of red deer management were highest in local management units and decreased with the spatial scale. Landowners disagree that increased size of local management unit (vald) is a solution to improve current management. Despite this, we did find a correlation between proportions satisfied and size of local management units, where landowners involved in large valds were most satisfied. Cooperation is something that landowners perceive as preferable to achieve management objectives, and these views are not only limited to self-centred interests, but also considered in a larger perspective. They tolerate a certain browsing damage on pastures up to a threshold value, simultaneously an increased quota would affect the degree of satisfaction. Although larger areas are appropriate in a management perspective considering migratory red deer, landowners’ ability to interact over equivalent areas can be a challenge.Innsikt i interessegruppers grad av enighet, eller motsatt, er viktig for å oppnå en vellykket forvaltning. Samtidig er det behov for kunnskap som kombinerer viltforvaltning og sosiale interaksjoner. På bakgrunn av grunneierens ansvar for organisering av jakt, sammenstilling av forvaltningsplaner og jaktrettigheter på deres eiendom, er grunneieren ansett som en viktig interessegruppe i norsk hjorteforvaltning. Grunneierens tanker, interesser og engasjement kan derfor være nøkkelfaktorer for fungerende forvaltning. Det finnes få studier som adresserer hjorteviltforvaltning basert på sosiale aspekter i Skandinavia. Vi gjennomførte en internettbasert spørreundersøkelse til grunneiere i fem fylker langs vestkysten av Norge. Gjennom denne oppgaven ville vi med kvantitativ metode undersøke grunneierens meninger og oppfatninger rundt forvaltning av hjort (Cervus elaphus) ut ifra dagens praksis. I tillegg ville vi undersøke graden av fornøydhet og samarbeid i ulike forvaltningsenheter. Videre var vi spesielt interessert i å undersøke hvilke forbedringer grunneier mener er nødvendig for å oppnå en bedre hjorteforvaltning og om disse endringene er gjennomførbare. Denne oppgaven viser en generell oversikt over grunneierens meninger om dagens forvaltning. Hovedfunnene våre indikerer at grunneieren er fornøyd med dagens praksis og at samarbeidet fungerer bra i lokale forvaltningsenheter, men at den synker i takt med hierarkiske inndeling av forvaltningsenhetene (jaktfelt/vald – kommune). De er uenige i at økt størrelse på vald er en løsning for å forbedre dagens forvaltning, til tross for at vi fant en korrelasjon med valdstørrelse og andelen fornøyde grunneiere, der store vald hadde flest fornøyde grunneiere. Videre uttrykker de at de ser nødvendigheten av grunneiersamarbeid tilknyttet hjorteforvaltning og at det er større fordeler enn ulemper med samarbeid. Grunneiere tolerer ett visst beitetrykk på innmark opp til et terskelnivå, samtidig vil økt kvote påvirke fornøydhetsgraden. Våre resultater tyder på at selv om større areal er passende i et forvaltningsperspektiv med tanke på migrerende hjort, så kan grunneiernes evne til å samhandle over tilsvarende areal være en utfordring.M-N

War museums as agonistic spaces::possibilities, opportunities and constraints

Following the theorisation of museums as agonistic spaces and drawing on a comparative analysis of war museums located in various European countries, this paper argues that these institutions play complex and multi-layered roles beyond their obvious educational function. These not easily reconcilable roles act as major constraints upon the form and content of exhibitions and work against the adoption of an agonistic approach. However, the paper also argues that war museums are especially apt to become sites of political contestation able to engage with agonistic memory and unsettling counter-narratives. This is due in large part to the nature of the subject matter they deal with, as war and conflict lend themselves to being represented in ways that emphasise patriotic consensus but can also highlight dissent, contestation, multiple perspectives and alternative visions of society. Agonistic practices emerge when windows of opportunity open through a combination of top-down and bottom-up agency able to take advantage of particular socio-political circumstances or cultural developments. The paper also discusses a new exhibition on war memory planned for late 2018 in Essen, Germany and conceived as a strategic political intervention, which aims to communicate in an agonistic fashion with its audiences

On agonistic memory

Building on Mouffe’s critique of cosmopolitanism, this article argues that a cosmopolitan mode of remembering, far from having superseded the antagonistic mode associated with ‘first modernity’ in the European context, has proved unable to prevent the rise of, and is being increasingly challenged by, new antagonistic collective memories constructed by populist neo-nationalist movements. This article outlines the main defining characteristics of a third ‘agonistic’ mode of remembering, which is both reflexive and dialogic, yet also relies upon politicized representations of past conflicts, acknowledging civic and political passions as well as individual and collective agency. </jats:p

Social constraints in cross-boundary collaborative deer management

This study was funded by the Norwegian Research Council as part of the DeerUnit project (Grant number 230275). We are very grateful to all landowners who took part in the survey. We would also like to acknowledge comments from Vebjørn Veiberg on a previous draft.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

O-Verbrückte Angucyclinone, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, sie enthaltende Arzneimittel und deren Verwendung

Es werden das verbrückte Angucyclinon Gephyromycin (1a) und Derivate dieser Verbindung nach der allgemeinen Formel 1 beschrieben sowie ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung. Diese Substanzen erhöhen die intrazelluläre Calciumkonzentration in Neuronen. Weiterhin besitzen sie eine antibiotische Wirkung gegenüber Gram-positiven Bakterien

Concerted measurements of lipids in seawater and on submicrometer aerosol particles at the Cabo Verde islands: biogenic sources, selective transfer and high enrichments

In the marine environment, measurements of lipids as representative species within different lipid classes have been performed to characterize their oceanic sources and their transfer from the ocean into the atmosphere to marine aerosol particles. The set of lipid classes includes hydrocarbons (HC); fatty acid methyl esters (ME); free fatty acids (FFA); alcohols (ALC); 1,3-diacylglycerols (1,3 DG); 1,2-diacylglycerols (1,2 DG); monoacylglycerols (MG); wax esters (WE); triacylglycerols (TG); and phospholipids (PP) including phosphatidylglycerols (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholines (PC), as well as glycolipids (GL) which cover sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDG), monogalactosyl-diacylglycerols (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG) and sterols (ST). These introduced lipid classes have been analyzed in the dissolved and particulate fraction of seawater, differentiating between underlying water (ULW) and the sea surface microlayer (SML) on the one hand. On the other hand, they have been examined on ambient submicrometer aerosol particle samples (PM1) which were collected at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) by applying concerted measurements. These different lipids are found in all marine compartments but in different compositions. Along the campaign, certain variabilities are observed for the concentration of dissolved (∑DLULW: 39.8–128.5 µg L−1, ∑DLSML: 55.7–121.5 µg L−1) and particulate (∑PLULW: 36.4–93.5 µg L−1, ∑PLSML: 61.0–118.1 µg L−1) lipids in the seawater of the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. Only slight SML enrichments are observed for the lipids with an enrichment factor EFSML of 1.1–1.4 (DL) and 1.0–1.7 (PL). On PM1 aerosol particles, a total lipid concentration between 75.2–219.5 ng m−3 (averaged: 119.9 ng m−3) is measured. As also bacteria – besides phytoplankton sources – influence the lipid concentrations in seawater and on the aerosol particles, the lipid abundance cannot be exclusively explained by the phytoplankton tracer (chlorophyll a). The concentration and enrichment of lipids in the SML are not related to physicochemical properties which describe the surface activity. On the aerosol particles, an EFaer (the enrichment factor on the submicrometer aerosol particles compared to the SML) between 9×104–7×105 is observed. Regarding the individual lipid groups on the aerosol particles, a statistically significant correlation (R2=0.45, p=0.028) was found between EFaer and lipophilicity (expressed by the KOW value), which was not present for the SML. But simple physicochemical descriptors are overall not sufficient to fully explain the transfer of lipids. As our findings show that additional processes such as formation and degradation influence the ocean–atmosphere transfer of both OM in general and of lipids in particular, they have to be considered in OM transfer models. Moreover, our data suggest that the extent of the enrichment of the lipid class constituents on the aerosol particles might be related to the distribution of the lipid within the bubble–air–water interface. The lipids TG and ALC which are preferably arranged within the bubble interface are transferred to the aerosol particles to the highest extent. Finally, the connection between ice nucleation particles (INPs) in seawater, which are already active at higher temperatures (−10 to −15 ∘C), and the lipid classes PE and FFA suggests that lipids formed in the ocean have the potential to contribute to (biogenic) INP activity when transferred into the atmosphere