Dynamic Investigative Practice at the International Criminal Court

The Direct Weight Optimization (DWO) approach is a nonparametric estimation approach that has appeared in recent years within the field of nonlinear system identification. In previous work, all function classes for which DWO has been studied have included only continuous functions. However, in many applications it would be desirable also to be able to handle discontinuous functions. Inspired by the bilateral filter method from image processing, such an extension of the DWO framework is proposed for the smoothing problem. Examples show that the properties of the new approach regarding the handling of discontinuities are similar to the bilateral filter, while at the same time DWO offers a greater flexibility with respect to different function classes handled

Interpreting enthymematic arguments using belief revision

This paper is about the situation in which an author (writer or speaker) presents a deductively invalid argument, but the addressee aims at a charitable interpretation and has reason to assume that the author intends to present a valid argument. How can he go about interpreting the author's reasoning as enthymematically valid? We suggest replacing the usual find-the-missing-premise approaches by an approach based on systematic efforts to ascribe a belief state to the author against the background of which the argument has to be evaluated. The suggested procedure includes rules for recording whether the author in fact accepts or denies the premises and the conclusion, as well as tests for enthymematic validity and strategies for revising belief state ascriptions. Different degrees of interpretive charity can be exercised. This is one reason why the interpretation or reconstruction of an enthymematic argument typically does not result in a unique outcom

Epistemic uncertainty quantification in deep learning classification by the Delta method

The Delta method is a classical procedure for quantifying epistemic uncertainty in statistical models, but its direct application to deep neural networks is prevented by the large number of parameters . We propose a low cost approximation of the Delta method applicable to -regularized deep neural networks based on the top eigenpairs of the Fisher information matrix. We address efficient computation of full-rank approximate eigendecompositions in terms of the exact inverse Hessian, the inverse outer-products of gradients approximation and the so-called Sandwich estimator. Moreover, we provide bounds on the approximation error for the uncertainty of the predictive class probabilities. We show that when the smallest computed eigenvalue of the Fisher information matrix is near the -regularization rate, the approximation error will be close to zero even when . A demonstration of the methodology is presented using a TensorFlow implementation, and we show that meaningful rankings of images based on predictive uncertainty can be obtained for two LeNet and ResNet-based neural networks using the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets. Further, we observe that false positives have on average a higher predictive epistemic uncertainty than true positives. This suggests that there is supplementing information in the uncertainty measure not captured by the classification alone.publishedVersio

Potential impact of texture analysis in contrast enhanced CT in non-small cell lung cancer as a marker of survival: A retrospective feasibility study

The objective of this feasibility study was to assess computed tomography (CT) texture analysis (CTTA) of pulmonary lesions as a predictor of overall survival in patients with suspected lung cancer on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). In a retrospective pilot study, 94 patients (52 men and 42 women; mean age, 67.2 ± 10.8 yrs) from 1 center with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) underwent CTTA on the primary lesion by 2 individual readers. Both simple and multivariate Cox regression analyses correlating textural parameters with overall survival were performed. Statistically significant parameters were selected, and optimal cutoff values were determined. Kaplan-Meier plots based on these results were produced. Simple Cox regression analysis showed that normalized uniformity had a hazard ratio (HR) of 16.059 (3.861-66.788, P < .001), and skewness had an HR of 1.914 (1.330-2.754, P < .001). The optimal cutoff values for both parameters were 0.8602 and 0.1554, respectively. Normalized uniformity, clinical stage, and skewness were found to be prognostic factors for overall survival in multivariate analysis. Tumor heterogeneity, assessed by normalized uniformity and skewness on CECT may be a prognostic factor for overall survival

La station moustérienne de plein air de Neufechingen-« Auf Wappenhöh » (Sarre, Allemagne)

Présentation d’une série lithique relevée en prospection de surface à Neufechingen-« Auf Wappenhöh » près de Sarrebruck (D) sur une moyenne terrasse de la vallée de la Sarre. Par les caractères techno-typologiques rencontrés (débitage Levallois et Discoïde, retouche Quina), cette industrie en silex est attribuable au Paléolithique moyen. Il est à souligner que cette station de plein air moustérienne se développe à proximité de gîtes de matières premières siliceuses, en l’occurrence diverses variétés de silex du Muschelkalk qui affleurent en position primaire et secondaire. Cette industrie se démarque des séries moustériennes régionales sur quartzite.This article presents a lithic series recovered from surface prospections of a middle terrace of the Sarre Valley at Neufechingen 'Auf Wappenhöh', near Sarrebruck (D). Based on its techno-typological characteristics (Levallois and Discoid debitage, Quina retouch), this flint industry can be attributed to the Middle Palaeolithic. This Mousterian open-air site is located in proximity to siliceous raw materials, including diverse varieties of Muschelkalk flint, that outcrop in primary and secondary position and differs from other regional Mousterian series made on quartzite. (trad. Brad Gravina)Präsentation einer Steingeräteserie, die bei Oberflächenprospektionen auf einer mittleren Terrasse der Saar in Neufechingen-« Auf Wappenhöh », Regionalverband Saarbrücken, aufgesammelt wurde. Anhand ihrer techno-typologischen Kriterien kann diese Silexindustrie ins Mittelpaläolithikum datiert werden. Des weiteren zeichnet sich diese Freilandstation des Moustérien dadurch aus, dass sie nahe primärer und sekundärer Muschelkalkhornsteinvorkommen liegt. (trad. Susanne Rick

La station moustérienne de plein air de Neufechingen-« Auf Wappenhöh » (Sarre, Allemagne)

Présentation d’une série lithique relevée en prospection de surface à Neufechingen-« Auf Wappenhöh » près de Sarrebruck (D) sur une moyenne terrasse de la vallée de la Sarre. Par les caractères techno-typologiques rencontrés (débitage Levallois et Discoïde, retouche Quina), cette industrie en silex est attribuable au Paléolithique moyen. Il est à souligner que cette station de plein air moustérienne se développe à proximité de gîtes de matières premières siliceuses, en l’occurrence diverses variétés de silex du Muschelkalk qui affleurent en position primaire et secondaire. Cette industrie se démarque des séries moustériennes régionales sur quartzite.This article presents a lithic series recovered from surface prospections of a middle terrace of the Sarre Valley at Neufechingen 'Auf Wappenhöh', near Sarrebruck (D). Based on its techno-typological characteristics (Levallois and Discoid debitage, Quina retouch), this flint industry can be attributed to the Middle Palaeolithic. This Mousterian open-air site is located in proximity to siliceous raw materials, including diverse varieties of Muschelkalk flint, that outcrop in primary and secondary position and differs from other regional Mousterian series made on quartzite. (trad. Brad Gravina)Präsentation einer Steingeräteserie, die bei Oberflächenprospektionen auf einer mittleren Terrasse der Saar in Neufechingen-« Auf Wappenhöh », Regionalverband Saarbrücken, aufgesammelt wurde. Anhand ihrer techno-typologischen Kriterien kann diese Silexindustrie ins Mittelpaläolithikum datiert werden. Des weiteren zeichnet sich diese Freilandstation des Moustérien dadurch aus, dass sie nahe primärer und sekundärer Muschelkalkhornsteinvorkommen liegt. (trad. Susanne Rick