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http://www.ester.ee/record=b477144

DETEKSI ANTIBODI TERHADAP VIRUS NEWCASTLE DISEASE PADA BURUNG TRUCUKAN (PYCNONOTUS GOIAVIER)

ABSTRAKBurung trucukan (Pycnonotus goiavier) adalah salah satu burung pekicau liar yang banyak dipelihara karena kicauannya yang merdu. Newcastle disease merupakan penyakit menular akut yang menyerang burung dan jenis unggas lainnya. Unggas liar merupakan salah satu sumber virus yang belum diketahui tetapi berpotensi penting untuk menularkan ke unggas lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi antibodi ND pada burung trucukan liar. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 50 serum darah burung trucukan dengan parameter yang diamati adalah titer antibodi pada serum burung trucukan melalui uji Hemaglutinasi Inhibisi (HI) dengan memperhatikan endapan eritrosit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 45 dari 50 sampel (90%) dinyatakan positif adanya antibodi terhadap ND dengan kisaran titer 21-29, sedangkan sampel yang negatif hanya 5 dari 50 sampel (10%). Berdasaran hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa 90% burung trucukan di Kabupaten Aceh Besar sudah pernah terpapar ND.ABSTRACTTrucukan bird (Pycnonotus goiavier) is one of the wild chirping birds that is often preserved because of its tuneful chirp. Newcastle disease is an acute infectious disease that attacks birds and other bird species. Wild poultry is one source of the virus that is not yet known but potentially important to be transmitted to other birds. This study aims to find out the ND antibodies in wild trucukan birds. The sample used was 50 blood serum with the parameters observed were antibody titers in the serum of the bird by the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test by observing erythrocyte deposits. The results showed 45 out of 50 samples (90%) was positive for antibodies to ND with a titer range is 21-29, while negative samples were only 5 out of 50 samples (10%). Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that 90% of the birds in the Regency of Aceh Besar have been exposed to ND

Star Polymer–Protein Conjugates to Study Movement of Proteins in Bacterial Cell Membranes

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a rapidly growing issue worldwide. Especially, a lack of efficient antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria is a problem since they have an outer membrane that provides additional protection against defence factors. Outer membrane proteins move to the cell poles during cell division. Preventing this movement could potentially disrupt cell division and provide a new approach to antibiotic development. Star polymer–colicin conjugates might bind the proteins together and thus prevent their movement. This project aimed to produce a small library of star polymers and conjugate them to model protein myoglobin. Star polymers were successfully synthesised by single-electron transfer living radical polymerisation. Their indicative sizes were determined by dynamic light scattering, although aggregation complicated this. End-group conversions were performed to introduce required aldehyde functionality, but no definite characterisations were obtained by 1H NMR because of dominant polymer peaks. However, the conversions were confirmed successful for a small linear polymer synthesised by identical methods. Organocatalyst-mediated protein aldol ligation was tried for conjugation, but gel electrophoresis staining was not sensitive enough for final confirmation. However, dynamic light scattering studies indicate bigger particles than either of the starting materials, which is promising. These results could be used to choose an optimal size of star polymers to be conjugated to colicins. How the binding of these conjugates affects outer membrane protein movement can be studied by fluorescence microscopy

Pedagogical Models: Teachers’ Alternative Scenarios to Enhance Students’ Academic Achievement during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract: An attempt to contain the spread of the Covid-19 Pandemic by closing educational institutions impacted over sixty percent of the world’s student population. School closure induces learning disruption, generates inequities, and greatly influences underprivileged children. The efforts to mitigate the impacts of school closure and to facilitate the continuity of education have become extremely challenging tasks for teachers. Educators are strongly advised to make a rapid transition to remote learning at short notice. They are expected to provide students with meaningful learning experiences, create feasible academic scenarios that fit their respective teaching and learning contexts as well as enhance students’ achievement. However, without proper training and full support from the government, teachers may find shifting the direction of their teaching from the traditional classroom to virtual learning burdensome. Teachers should be provided with adequate skills and knowledge to perform remote learning successfully in order to maintain students’ high levels of academic performance. This paper intends to explore pedagogical models served as alternative scenarios that teachers can devise to boost students’ academic achievement during the pandemic. Keywords: school closure, rapid transition, remote learning, pedagogical models Abstrak: Usaha untuk memutuskan rantai penyebaran Covid-19 dengan menutup institusi pendidikan mempengaruhi lebih dari enam puluh persen populasi siswa di dunia. Penutupan sekolah menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan belajar, ketidakmerataan, dan sangat mempengaruhi anak-anak yang tidak berkemampuan. Usaha untuk mengurangi pengaruh dari penutupan sekolah  dan  upaya  untuk  memfasilitasi  keberlangsungan  pendidikan  menjadi  tugas  yang sangat menantang bagi para guru. Pendidik di perintahkan untuk mengajar secara online tanpa persiapan. Mereka diharapkan bisa menyediakan siswa pengalaman pembelajaran yang bermakna, menciptakan perencanaan pengajaran   sesuai dengan karakter sekolah dan siswa masing-masing,  untuk meningkatkan prestasi akademik siswa. Akan tetapi, tanpa pelatihan yang memadai dan bantuan dari pemerintah, para pendidik akan mengalami kesulitan untuk beralih ke pembelajaran jarak jauh. Para pendidik harus diberikan keahlian dan pengetahuan yang cukup untuk bisa mensukseskan program belajar jarak jauh. Tulisan ini akan membahas model pembelajaran yang bisa menjadi rencana alternatif yang bisa digunakan guru untuk meningkatkan prestasi akademik siswa selama masa pandemic Covid-19. Kata-kata kunci: penutupan sekolah, transisi cepat, pembelajaran jarak jauh, model pembelajara

Mother\u27s Bed: Gender Representation in Children\u27s Literature

This children\u27s book and accompanying research paper both address gender inequity in children\u27s literature. There is a significant imbalance of gender representation in children\u27s literature, with the number of central male characters almost doubling that of central female characters. Additionally, the roles of males and females still tend to be stereotypical: boys are action-oriented and heroic, while girls are nurturing and passive. Further, it is believed that boys will only enjoy books about boys, while girls will enjoy books about both boys and girls. This imbalance in children\u27s literature hurts both genders. Children not only learn to read from books, but they also learn about the society in which they live, how they are expected to act, and how they should perceive others from them. My research includes studying books and articles about children\u27s literature and the importance of representation in books, as well as reading several children\u27s books for both patterns of gender representation and for inspiration. As a result of my research, I have written a children\u27s book with a female protagonist that includes well-rounded characters that reach beyond stereotypes and that appeal to all children, regardless of gender

REKONSTRUKSI RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN (RPP) PADA TOPIK ENERGI MELALUI ANALISIS KESULITAN LITERASI SAINS SISWA SMP KELAS VII

Literasi sains adalah kemampuan menggunakan pengetahuan sains untuk mengambil suatu keputusan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan. LS ini merupakan kemampuan yang penting untuk dimiliki manusia agar kelak manusia dapat hidup bersama dan mampu berperan aktif dalam mengatasi berbagai permasalahan dengan cara yang bijaksana. LS ini dapat dilatihkan dalam pembelajaran sains di sekolah. Namun pada kenyataannya pembelajaran sains kurang memfasilitasi LS siswa, sebagai contoh adalah kegiatan eksperimen yang bersifat verifikasi (cookbook) yang kurang melatihkan siswa untuk membangun pertanyaan penyelidikan dan membuat rancangan percobaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan metode survei yang dilakukan di salah satu SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Bandung Barat dengan subyek penelitian sebanyak 114 orang siswa kelas VII. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini berupa profil LS siswa dan analisis proses pembelajaran yang dijadikan sebagai dasar dalam pembuatan RPP pada topik energi. Profil literasi sains yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini dibedakan ke dalam dua profil menurut domain kompetensi dan pengetahuan. Pada domain kompetensi, ketercapaian siswa sebesar 57,28% untuk aspek menjelaskan fenomena ilmiah (K1); 37,61% mengevaluasi dan merancang penelitian ilmiah (K2); serta 58,28% untuk menginterpretasikan data dan bukti ilmiah (K3). Sedangkan pada domain pengetahuan, ketercapaian siswa sebesar 58,99% untuk konten; 61,95% prosedural; dan 29,50% untuk epistemik. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketercapaian literasi sains siswa cukup rendah terutama pada kompetensi K2 dan pengetahuan epistemik. Sehingga diperlukan rancangan pembelajaran yang dapat memfasilitasi literasi sains siswa terutama pada kompetensi K2 dan pengetahuan epistemik.;--- Scientific literacy defined as ability of using scientific knowledge to make a decision in order to solve a problem. This ability is needed by human for living together and playing each role in solving the problems in society. Scientific literacy can be practiced to the student by learning process in the class. But the fact show that the science classes does not enough facilitate students' scientific literacy, e.g. experiment activity only verifying (cookbook) that does not train students to build question in inquiry and propose experiment procedure. This research is a descriptive research that use survey method on 114 7th grade students in one of junior high school at West Bandung District. The gained data in this research are scientific literacy profile and learning process analysis as the base on reconstructing the lesson plan of energy topic. Students’ scientific literacy profile on this research is divided into two categories/domains. The achievements rating on domain of competencies is 57.28% for explain phenomena scientifically (K1); 37.61% for evaluate and design scientific enquiry (K2) and 58.28% for interpret data and evidence scientifically. On domain of knowledge, the achievement is 58.99% on content knowledge; 61.95% on procedural knowledge and 29.50% on epistemic knowledge. Based on the data, researcher concludes that students' scientific literacy are low achievements, especially on competency K2 and epistemic knowledge. Therefore we need learning design that facilitates the students’ scientific literacy, especially on competency K2 and epistemic knowledge

Sleep of pre-school children and their parents : FinAdo substudy

According to the Official Statistics of Finland, approximately 75% of the Finnish population become parents. At the same time, the grave impact of poor sleep on the health and wellbeing of an individual has been shown in numerous studies. Therefore, it is regrettable that studies have also shown that having a child deteriorates the sleep of the parent for a period of six years. During these six years the physical, psychological, and social development of the child is at its peak and the child needs a loving, constructive, and consistent adult to rely on. The aim of this study was to examine the interactions of child and parental sleep and their impact on the parental perceptions of child sleep. This study on healthy children living with their biological families and internationally adopted children was conducted as a part of the FinAdo 2 study, which is an on-going follow-up study examining the health and wellbeing of internationally adopted children in Finland. This collaboration allowed for examining the impact of genetic associations within sleep-related interactions. In addition to the 78 internationally adopted children, the study included 108 children living with their biological families, recruited from day-care facilities in Turku and Kaarina, Finland. The sleep of the children was examined by an actigraphy device, an activity sensor, during a period of one week. The parents answered on questions about socio-economic factors, and the sleep and well-being of the child and themselves. The recordings were repeated at approximately one year from the baseline for those willing to participate in the follow-up study. The study revealed that poorly sleeping parents perceive the sleep of their children being worse than what sleep parameters in the child’s actigraphy recording indicate. It also found that the poor sleep experienced by the parent does not precede child sleep problems one year later. The third finding was that parents of eveningtype children, those who prefer to stay up late and wake up late in the morning, are at a higher risk of later sleep problems than parents of morning-type children, those who prefer to wake up and go to bed early. These results underline the importance of addressing poor parental sleep quality, in addition to the child’s eveningness when discovering ways to help families with sleep related problems.Lasten ja heidän vanhempiensa uni - FinAdo osatutkimus Tilastokeskuksen tietojen mukaan noin 75 % suomalaisista saa elämänsä aikana lapsen. Samaan aikaan lukemattomat tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet vähäisen unen negatiiviset vaikutukset yksilön terveydelle ja hyvinvoinnille. Siksi onkin valitettavaa, että lapsen saannin on todettu huonontavan vanhemman unta kuuden vuoden ajaksi. Juuri näiden kuuden vuoden aikana lapsen fyysinen, psyykkinen ja sosiaalinen kehitys on nopeimmillaan ja hän tarvitsee rinnalleen rakastavan, luotettavan ja johdonmukaisen aikuisen. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää lapsen ja hänen vanhempansa unen vuorovaikutusta ja sen yhteyttä vanhemman käsitykseen lapsensa unesta. Tutkimuksessa arvioitiin terveiden, biologisissa perheissään elävien lasten ja ulkomailta Suomeen adoptoitujen lasten unta, ja se tehtiin osana ulkomailta Suomeen adoptoitujen lasten terveyttä ja hyvinvointia tutkivan FinAdo 2- tutkimuksen kanssa. Näin voitiin ottaa huomioon myös univaikeuksien perinnölliset mekanismit. Adoptoitujen 78 lasten lisäksi tutkimukseen osallistui 108 biologisissa perheissään eläviä, Turun ja Kaarinan päiväkodeista mukaan tulleita lapsia perheineen. Lasten unta rekisteröitiin viikon ajan aktigrafilla, joka on unta arvioiva aktiivisuusmittari. Lisäksi vanhemmat vastasivat omaa ja lapsensa unenlaatua ja hyvinvointia selvittäviin kyselyihin. Tutkimus toistettiin halukkaille noin vuoden kuluttua ensimmäisestä rekisteröinnistä. Tutkimuksessa kävi ilmi, että huonosti nukkuvat vanhemmat kokevat lapsensa unen huonompana kuin se on aktigrafilla mitattuna. Lisäksi todettiin, että vanhemman huono uni ei ennusta lapsen univaikeuksia vuoden seurannassa. Kolmantena löydöksenä todettiin, että lapsen iltavirkkuus, eli taipumus herätä ja mennä nukkumaan myöhään, on yhteydessä vanhemman huonoon uneen vuoden seurannassa verrattuna aamuvirkkujen, eli varhain heräävien ja varhain nukkumaan menevien, lasten vanhempiin. Nämä tutkimustulokset muistuttavat siitä, miten tärkeää on ottaa huomioon myös vanhemman unen laatu, ja toisaalta lapsen iltavirkkuus, kun käsitellään perheen uneen liittyviä huolia ja ongelmia

Children of the Lord’s Resistant Army; An exploration of social relations from the perspective of Ugandan former child combatants

Ever since 1987 the Lord’s Resistant Army (LRA), a theocratic rebel force, has been abducting children in Uganda to partake in the conflict against the Ugandan government and its forces. The children’s lives are drastically changed in a matter of minutes; they are suddenly forced to whiteness and take part in ruthless brutalities. Some of them live for months, others for years, under dictatorial rule and order. This research is set to explore the multiple challenges regarding social relations faced by child combatants both during and after life with the LRA. Fundamental notions such as, self-perception, perception of other, role taking and group formation are questioned. The research is based in Husserlian phenomenological theory, providing understanding of the children’s/adolescence’s conscious reflections on their daily experiences. Five different documents containing citations of former child combatants in Uganda are used for analysis in both Sphinx Lexica and Minerva, which is based in phenomenological theory of Meaning Constitution Analysis (MCA). The results show that the children/adolescents feel confused and uncertain about their roles and relations due to the drastic changes in their social networks. The argument follows that the impacts need to be considered as a significant part of their reintegration process