1,276 research outputs found
Ensin oli manipuljatsija, vÀlissÀ news management ja lopulta suurta yleisöÀ vedettiin nenÀstÀ Miten vÀlikielen kautta kÀÀntÀminen vaikuttaa viestin vÀlittymiseen, tutkimus kotouttamisen ja vieraannuttamisen nÀkökulmasta
TÀssÀ tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan vÀlikielen kautta kÀÀntÀmistÀ ja sen vaikutusta tekstin sisÀltÀmÀn viestin vÀlittymiseen. Viestin vÀlittymistÀ tarkastellaan kotouttavan ja vieraannuttavan kÀÀnnösstrategian nÀkökulmasta.
KÀÀntÀminen on monikielistÀ viestintÀÀ, jossa liikutaan eri kielten ja kulttuurien vÀlillÀ. TÀssÀ tutkimuksessa kÀÀntÀmisen prosessia verrataan yksinkertaistettuun viestinnÀn prosessiin ja löydetÀÀn niille yhtymÀkohdat. ViestinnÀn kaaviosta muokataan omat versionsa kuvaamaan niin perinteistÀ kÀÀnnösprosessia, jossa on mukana kaksi kieltÀ ja kulttuuria, kuin myös vÀlikielen kautta kÀÀntÀmisen prosessia, jolloin mukana on kolme kieltÀ ja kulttuuria. TÀllöin on helppo huomata kuinka pitkÀn matkan viesti kulkee ennen kuin se pÀÀtyy alkuperÀisen tekstin kirjoittajalta lopulliselle lukijalle.
Tutkimuksen aineistona kÀytetÀÀn venÀlÀisen toimittajan Anna Politkovskajan artikkeleita ja niiden kÀÀnnöksiÀ englanniksi sekÀ pÀÀasiassa englanninkielisten kÀÀnnösten pohjalta tehtyjÀ suomenkielisiÀ kÀÀnnöksiÀ. KÀÀnnöksistÀ tutkitaan erityisesti kÀÀnnösprosessin aikana tehtyjÀ poistoja, lisÀyksiÀ, leksikaalisia muutoksia ja rakenteen muutoksia. TehtyjÀ muutoksia arvioidaan kotouttamisen ja vieraannuttamisen kÀÀnnösstrategioiden nÀkökulmasta: kotouttamisen nÀhdÀÀn parantavan viestin vÀlittymistÀ ja vieraannuttamisen heikentÀvÀn.
Aineistossa havaittiin huomattavasti enemmÀn piirteitÀ kotouttavasta kÀÀnnösstrategiasta, jolloin alkuperÀisen viestin voisi ajatella vÀlittyvÀn hyvin kÀÀnnösten lukijoille. Kuitenkin aineistosta löytyi useita keinoja, joilla tekstistÀ oli tehty alkuperÀistÀ tekstiÀ yksinkertaisempaa ja ilmaisultaan laimeampaa. TÀmÀ viittaa siihen, ettei alkuperÀisen tekstin viesti kuitenkaan vÀlittynyt kÀÀnnöksissÀ tÀydellisesti.
Asiasanat:kotouttaminen, monikielinen viestintÀ, vieraannuttaminen, viestin vÀlittyminen, vÀlikielen kautta kÀÀntÀmine
External perceptions of successful university brands
Branding in universities has become an increasingly topical issue, with some institutions committing substantial financial resources to branding activities. The particular characteristics of the sector present challenges for those seeking to build brands and it therefore seems to be timely and appropriate to investigate the common approaches of those institutions perceived as having successful brands.
This study is exploratory in nature, seeking to investigate how successfully UK universities brand themselves, whether they are distinct and if the sector overall communicates effectively. This is approached through examining the perspective of opinion formers external to universities but closely involved with the sector â a key stakeholder group in UK higher education
Overall, the researchâs exploratory nature aims to further the debate on effective branding in UK higher education.
The findings and conclusions identify some issues surrounding university branding activity; most UK universities were considered to be distinct from one another, but few were seen to have real fully formed brands. Although a number of institutions that were seen as having more âsuccessfulâ brands were identified, it was argued that whilst many UK universities communicate their brand well enough to key stakeholders, they fail to consistently do this across all audiences. It was also suggested that UK universities may concentrate on areas of perceived immediate strategic importance (in terms of branding) to an extent where others are neglected
Lung function decline over 25 years of follow-up among black and white adults in the ARIC study cohort
Interpretation of longitudinal information about lung function decline from middle to older age has been limited by loss to follow-up that may be correlated with baseline lung function or the rate of decline. We conducted these analyses to estimate age-related decline in lung function across groups of race, sex, and smoking status while accounting for dropout from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Heritage branding orientation: The case of Ach. Brito and the dynamics between corporate and product heritage brands
The notion of heritage branding orientation is introduced and explicated. Heritage branding orientation is designated as embracing both product and corporate brands and differs from corporate heritage brand orientation which has an explicit corporate focus. Empirical insights are drawn from an in-depth and longitudinal case study of Ach. Brito, a celebrated Portuguese manufacturer of soaps and toiletries. This study shows how, by the pursuance of a strategy derived from a heritage branding orientation Ach. Brito â after a prolonged period of decline â achieved a dramatic strategic turnaround. The findings reveal how institutional heritage can be a strategic resource via its adoption and activation at both the product and corporate levels. Moreover, the study showed how the bi-lateral interplay between product and corporate brand levels can be mutually reinforcing. In instrumental terms, the study shows how heritage can be activated and articulated in different ways. For instance, it can re-position both product and/or corporate brands; it can be meaningfully informed by product brand heritage and shape corporate heritage; and can be of strategic importance to both medium-sized and small enterprises
Risk prediction models with incomplete data with application to prediction of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: prospective data from the Nurses' Health Study
Introduction A number of breast cancer risk prediction models have been developed to provide insight into a woman\u27s individual breast cancer risk. Although circulating levels of estradiol in postmenopausal women predict subsequent breast cancer risk, whether the addition of estradiol levels adds significantly to a model\u27s predictive power has not previously been evaluated. Methods Using linear regression, the authors developed an imputed estradiol score using measured estradiol levels (the outcome) and both case status and risk factor data (for example, body mass index) from a nested case-control study conducted within a large prospective cohort study and used multiple imputation methods to develop an overall risk model including both risk factor data from the main cohort and estradiol levels from the nested case-control study. Results The authors evaluated the addition of imputed estradiol level to the previously published Rosner and Colditz log-incidence model for breast cancer risk prediction within the larger Nurses\u27 Health Study cohort. The follow-up was from 1980 to 2000; during this time, 1,559 invasive estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cases were confirmed. The addition of imputed estradiol levels significantly improved risk prediction; the age-specific concordance statistic increased from 0.635 ± 0.007 to 0.645 ± 0.007 (P \u3c 0.001) after the addition of imputed estradiol. Conclusion Circulating estradiol levels in postmenopausal women appear to add to other lifestyle factors in predicting a woman\u27s individual risk of breast cancer
Record Maximum Oscillation Frequency in C-face Epitaxial Graphene Transistors
The maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) quantifies the practical upper bound
for useful circuit operation. We report here an fmax of 70 GHz in transistors
using epitaxial graphene grown on the C-face of SiC. This is a significant
improvement over Si-face epitaxial graphene used in the prior high frequency
transistor studies, exemplifying the superior electronics potential of C-face
epitaxial graphene. Careful transistor design using a high {\kappa} dielectric
T-gate and self-aligned contacts, further contributed to the record-breaking
fmax
Stakeholder engagement in the city branding process
This paper explores perceptions of stakeholder engagement in the city branding process from the perspective of two post-industrial cities: Sheffield, UK and Essen, Germany. This qualitative research utilises a multi case study approach, which allowed for semi-structure interviews and semiotics to be used. Preliminary findings highlight that there are four stakeholder âlevelsâ. Each of these stakeholder groupings is involved in the city branding process to some extend. Findings suggest that the degree of involvement strongly depends on the primary stakeholders, who are seen as key decision-makers in the branding process. These primary stakeholders select other stakeholders that âcanâ be involved in the branding process. Although this may be beneficial it is vital to provide more opportunities and incorporate stakeholders that are willing to participate in the branding process. Alienating stakeholders may also lead to losing parts of an identity that is based on heritage. The focus is on two cities with a highly industrialised background, thus findings may not be applicable to cities without this heritage. The paper looks at both stakeholder engagement and city branding, thereby proposing four layers of stakeholder involvement in the city branding process
Global lung function initiative 2012 reference values for spirometry in Asian Americans
Background
Spirometry reference values specifically designed for Asian Americans are currently unavailable. The performance of Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 (GLI-2012) equations on assessing spirometry in Asian Americans has not been evaluated. This study aimed to assess the fitness of relevant GLI-2012 equations for spirometry in Asian Americans.
Methods
Asian subjects who never smoked and had qualified spirometry data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011â2012. Z-scores of forced expiratory volume in 1Â s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC were separately constructed with GLI-2012 equations for North East (NE) Asians, South East (SE) Asians, and individuals of mixed ethnic origin (Mixed). In addition, Proportions of subjects with observed spirometry data below the lower limit of normal (LLN) were also evaluated on each GLI-2012 equation of interest.
Results
This study included 567 subjects (250 men and 317 women) aged 6â79Â years. Spirometry z-scores (z-FEV1, z-FVC, and z-FEV1/FVC) based on GLI-2012 Mixed equations had mean values close to zero (ââ0.278 to ââ0.057) and standard deviations close to one (1.001 to 1.128); additionally, 6.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.1â8.9%) and 6.4% (95% CI 3.7â9.1%) of subjects were with observed data below LLN for FEV1/FVC in men and women, respectively. In contrast, for NE Asian equations, all mean values of z-FEV1 and z-FVC were smaller than ââ0.5; for SE Asian equations, mean values of z-FEV1/FVC were significantly smaller than zero in men (ââ0.333) and women (ââ0.440).
Conclusions
GLI-2012 equations for individuals of mixed ethnic origin adequately fitted spirometry data in this sample of Asian Americans. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings
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