反応的ペダゴジカル・エージェント : 視線インタラクションの研究

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : (主査)東京大学教授 開 一夫, 東京大学教授 植田 一博, 東京大学教授 藤垣 裕子, 東京大学教授 横山 ゆりか, 東京大学教授 遠藤 利彦University of Tokyo(東京大学

Building a responsive teacher: How temporal contingency of gaze interaction influences word learning with virtual tutors

Animated pedagogical agents are lifelike virtual characters designed to augment learning. A review of developmental psychology literature led to the hypothesis that the temporal contingency of such agents would promote human learning. We developed a Pedagogical Agent with Gaze Interaction (PAGI), an experimental animated pedagogical agent that engages in gaze interaction with students. In this study, university students learned words of a foreign language, with temporally contingent PAGI (live group) or recorded version of PAGI (recorded group), which played pre-recorded sequences from live sessions. The result revealed that students in the live group scored considerably better than those in the recorded group. The finding indicates that incorporating temporal contingency of gaze interaction from a pedagogical agent has positive effect on learning

Building a responsive teacher: How temporal contingency of gaze interaction influences word learning with virtual tutors

Animated pedagogical agents are lifelike virtual characters designed to augment learning. A review of developmental psychology literature led to the hypothesis that the temporal contingency of such agents would promote human learning. We developed a Pedagogical Agent with Gaze Interaction (PAGI), an experimental animated pedagogical agent that engages in gaze interaction with students. In this study, university students learned words of a foreign language, with temporally contingent PAGI (live group) or recorded version of PAGI (recorded group), which played pre-recorded sequences from live sessions. The result revealed that students in the live group scored considerably better than those in the recorded group. The finding indicates that incorporating temporal contingency of gaze interaction from a pedagogical agent has positive effect on learning

Causes and outcomes of revision surgery in subjects with pulsatile tinnitus

IntroductionOnce the underlying pathology has been identified, pulsatile tinnitus (PT) can be treated successfully with surgical or interventional management. However, some patients experience residual or recurrent symptoms following initially successful surgical treatment, and require revision surgery or additional procedures. Here, we report a case series of patients who had undergone revision surgery or interventional treatment, and suggest possible ways of minimizing the need for revision.MethodsBetween January 2014 and March 2023, a total of seven subjects underwent revision surgery or interventional treatment for persistent or recurrent PT after initial surgical treatment. Demographic data, reasons for revision, and changes in symptoms before and after revision were analyzed retrospectively. Temporal bone computed tomographic angiography images were reviewed to identify the causes and reasons for revision.ResultsOf the seven subjects, six underwent sigmoid sinus (SS) resurfacing/reshaping due to ipsilateral diverticulum (Div) or dehiscence (Deh), and one underwent jugular bulb (JB) resurfacing due to a high-riding JB with bony Deh. Of the five subjects who underwent revision SS surgery due to recurrent SS-Div or SS-Deh, three showed marked resolution of PT, while the other two showed partial improvement of the symptoms. One subject who underwent revision JB resurfacing, and another who underwent additional transarterial embolization for a concurrent ipsilateral dural arteriovenous fistula, reported marked improvement of PT.DiscussionThe possibility of recurrence should be taken into account when performing surgical intervention in patients with PT. The likelihood of recurrence can be minimized through a comprehensive evaluation to identify possible multiple etiologies, and through the use of durable materials and appropriate surgical methods

Denseness of Numerical Radius Attaining Holomorphic Functions

<p/> <p>We study the density of numerical radius attaining holomorphic functions on certain Banach spaces using the Lindenstrauss method. In particular, it is shown that if a complex Banach space <inline-formula> <graphic file="1029-242X-2009-981453-i1.gif"/></inline-formula> is locally uniformly convex, then the set of all numerical attaining elements of <inline-formula> <graphic file="1029-242X-2009-981453-i2.gif"/></inline-formula> is dense in <inline-formula> <graphic file="1029-242X-2009-981453-i3.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p

Effectiveness of Social Support for Community-Dwelling Elderly with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Depression in the elderly is an important health factor that requires intervention in the form of social support resources. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review, while synthesizing available evidence on what kind of social support, such as social participation and social connection/network, is effective for depression in the elderly. We performed a quality assessment of the included studies using the revised Risk of Bias for Non-randomized Studies tool and a meta-analysis of studies published up to 14 May 2021. Of the 3449 studies, 52 were relevant to this study. The various types of social resource applications reported in these were classified into three types: social support, social participation, and social connection/network. The social support group had significantly lower depression compared to the control group (0.72 [0.65, 0.81], p 2 = 92%). There was a significant decrease in depression in the social participation group compared to the control group (0.67 [0.56, 0.80], p 2 = 93%) (2.77 [1.30, 5.91], p = 0.008, I2 = 97%) (0.67 [0.56, 0.80], p 2 = 93%). Finally, the social connection/network group showed decreased depression compared to the control group (2.40 [1.89, 3.05], p 2 = 24%) (0.83 [0.76, 0.90], p 2 = 94%). The results of this systematic review confirmed the effects of various social support interventions in reducing depression among the elderly living in the community

Femtosecond Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Chiral Molecules in Isotropic Liquid

Vibrationally resonant optically active (VOA) sum-frequency generation (SFG) is a second-order nonlinear process sensitive to the stereospecific vibrational structure of chiral molecules. We demonstrate that a femtosecond VOA SFG signal can be measured in the isotropic bulk of a chiral liquid. The chiral, achiral, and VOA SFG spectra of R- and S-limonene and their racemic mixture in the C–H stretching frequency region are characterized. In particular, it is shown that the observed circular intensity difference (CID) signal, which can provide distinguishable stereochemical vibrational information between enantiomers, arises from interference of the electric-dipole allowed antisymmetric Raman tensor-induced and Raman optical activity (ROA) tensor-induced SFG fields. Furthermore, we show that the CID and linear polarization intensity difference (LID) SFG spectra are connected to the real and imaginary parts of the effective chiral VOA SFG susceptibility, respectively. We anticipate that the present technique will be of use in transient chiroptical spectroscopy and stereochemical vibrational imaging studies. © XXXX American Chemical Societ

Evaluation of mortar setting time by using electrical resistivity measurements

Cement hydration induces microstructural evolution in cement-based materials, causing setting and hardening. Various experimental techniques were proposed to evaluate the time of setting, which includes the Vicat needle test and ultrasound inspections. This study aims to measure electrical resistivity in order to monitor microstructural evolution. For this purpose, an optimized experimental setup is proposed by performing a series of pre-test analyses. A total of 51 mortar mixes are prepared to study the effects of various mix-proportions and the use of various chemical admixtures. As a result, two parameters that represent a change in electrical resistivity are identified: the rising time, which indicates the onset of an increase in electrical resistivity, and the increasing ratio over time. Both parameters are discussed with conventional test results obtained from the penetration resistance method. Their correlation allows us to estimate the setting time of mortar.clos

Raw gaze data as tab-separated values file.

Raw gazed data taken during the experiment. Exported using Tobii studio (Tobii, Sweden)

Developing and testing a Korean patient classification system for general wards based on nursing intensity

Abstract Aim To develop a new general wards patient classification tool based on the nursing intensity level that reflects patients’ clinical characteristics and indirect nursing activities. Design A cross‐sectional design was adopted. This methodological study developed a patient classification system to sort general ward patients based on the intensity of their nursing needs and verified the validity and reliability of this classification system. Methods Thirteen experts verified the tools’ content validity. Data collectors and head nurses classified 150 patients from two hospitals with four general wards and various nurse staffing levels. Inter‐rater reliability was analysed. Staff nurses classified 846 patients following the Korean patient classification system on nursing intensity scores that reflected patients’ clinical status. Content validity was verified based on the classification results. Using K‐group cluster analysis, score ranges for four groups were identified. Results The developed tool includes 8 domains, (symptom management, infection control, nutrition and medication, personal hygiene and secretion, activity, sleep and rest, guidance in nursing/emotional support, nursing activity planning and coordination, indirect activity), 24 subdomains, 66 nursing activities and 124 criteria. Inter‐rater reliability showed high agreement