The Association Between Conflict Management Style and Organizational Commitment: A Case of Private University

Introduction: An organization is an institution in which many people work together for particular purpose like a government department (Surbhi, 2017). Organization is form from three component: man, material and money. Employees are main asset of any organization. Without employee no organization can run. In organization people belong from different background e.g. areas, education, language, race, religion, expertise. It is necessary employee should join organization with commitment. Organizational commitment is a form of individual behaviour showing the willingness of employees to fully contribute in the process of achieving organizational goals (Nazarudin, Arif et al. 2016). Organization commitment increase the organization output and growth. In organization where many people work together conflict arise due to many issues. If conflict is not properly manage it has great impact on organization commitment at level of individual group and university For example work disruptions, decreased productivity, project failure, absenteeism, turnover and termination. Bonds cited in his study (Crowley, 2013) that Gallup researcher found in 2012 that 52%of US employees felt emotionally depressed and separated from their job, 18% employee regularly show their sadness and unwillingness to their organization. Bonds also cited Hay group study that concluded 5% employee turnout rate increased annually. Objective: The objective of this study was to find association between conflict management style and organization commitment at private university of Lahore. Methods: A correlational research study was conducted in university of Lahore. Structured knowledge questionnaire delivered to the managerial member of university. The setting was involve all departments of university of Lahore. The target population was composed of managerial faculty who manage the department e.g. head of department, director, coordinator, manager, assistant manager, admin officer, assistant admin officer. Non Probability Purposive sampling technique was adopted. Results: The findings showed that management of university uses the five styles of conflict management, which are forcing, avoiding, cooperation, compromising and accommodating; the results indicated also that four of the five conflict management styles including cooperation, compromising, avoiding and accommodating were found to have positive relationship with organizational commitment at the levels of individual, group and university. Conclusion: It is concluded that management of university of Lahore mostly use forcing style to resolve conflict. There is positive relationship between conflict management style and organization commitment. Keywords: Conflict, Conflict Management, Organization Commitment, university DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/62-13 Publication date:May 31st 201

Linking The Customer Knowledge Management with Software Quality: An Empirical Study of Software Development Organizations in Pakistan

The aim of research was to enhance the Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) which has high impact on the quality of software products. In Enterprise Software (ES) development the Customer knowledge management is still immature. This raises the question of how CKM enablers can be used to help ES development companies improve the quality of their software. In this study, human, organizational and technical CKM enablers Were recognized by literature. The results of the study showed that CKM enablers can help to improve the quality of software products in Pakistan. Framework for CKM can help software development organizations to improve software quality as well and will also reduce cost and gain market reputation with competent trained resources. Results showed that "customer involvement" with "trust" were the most influential factors, followed by "CRM technology infrastructure" and "cross-functional co-operation". Furthermore, "there was no impact from the organizational Training "," customer knowledge map ", and" CKM strategy development ". The results also showed that the impact of CKM on software quality is significant. The results of the study also highlighted all the potential factors that are beneficial in influencing the CKM for quality improvement of ES in Pakistan

A Qualitative Study on Development of Enriching Performance Management System at a Pharma-Company

This case study aimed to develop a sample of enriching the performance management system using qualitative method. The job post of Import Executive in a pharma company has been selected as a sample. After taking consent from the management, a semi-structured interview approach with all related employees was undertaken. A comparison of existing performance management system was done with three other organizations of the same industry to provide a more comprehensive approach. Firstly, a systematic job evaluation was performed to transform traditional job description into competency based job description and implement job specific performance appraisal. This resulted in enrichment of performance management system. Peer evaluation and appraisal training for the supervisors have been suggested for a more comprehensive insight and a greater employee satisfaction with the performance management process

Impact of Financial Risk on Financial Performance of Banks in Pakistan; the Mediating Role of Capital Adequacy Ratio

Financial risks, cover credit, liquidity and operational risks, are the risks which banks face during their operations and all these risks have severe impact on the profitability of banks. The Basel Committee for Banking Supervision (BCBS) introduces Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) to overcome uncertainties and possible losses (Risk) to the banks. In this context, the aim in this study is to identify impact of financial risk on financial performance of banks in Pakistan with mediating role of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). The findings show that credit and liquidity risks have negative relationship with financial performance, whereas operational risk has a positive relationship with financial performance and capital adequacy ratio of banks in Pakistan. This study is useful in devising the rules and regulations by the regulators (Basel Committee and State Bank of Pakistan) for risk measurement and management by the banking sector.&nbsp

Human Dynamics of Street Administration: A Study on Traffic Wardens in Karachi

The study investigated the myriad of psychological and physical stress factors affecting traffic wardens in Karachi. It was hypothesized that traffic wardens do not feel satisfied or stressed with their jobs and also that job tenure has no relation to their job satisfaction and stress. A mixed method approach with 15 semi-structured interviews and 50 survey form was adopted using convenient sampling. Job stress and satisfaction was measured using a self-made questionnaire (a =.797 & .582). Analysis indicated that traffic wardens were satisfied with their jobs and employment duration was not found to be associated with job satisfaction and stress.  

Academic Integrity: Effects of Demographic Variables on Students’ Conduct

This study aimed to find out the effects of demographic variable i.e. gender, age, group of studies, GPA etc. on level of academic integrity among Pakistani students. The design of the study is quantitative in nature, in which the survey research method was employed to gather data from the respondents. A self-reported questionnaire was adapted on the basis of previously developed and validated questionnaire, with the consent of the authors. The developed scale was validated with the help of experts and pilot tested. Multilevel stratified convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from 4 provinces and federal area of Pakistan. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 versio

Effectiveness of pack intervention in the health care profession community on patients satisfaction

Objectives: To explore the factors that measured the patient satisfaction Measurement Tool (PS-MT) after the implementation of the Practical Approach to Care Kit at Primary healthcare centers of Lahore, Pakistan with health professionals who had been trained in the protocol. Methodology: A cross-sectional study through semi-structured interviews were carried out with doctors and nurses working at Primary health care tiers / Basic Health Units (BHUs)/ Dispensaries in the metropolitan city where the protocol was implemented. The interviews took place in the research participant's workplace, between October 2019 and March 2020. Descriptive information was represented in the form of a frequency table and graph and paired t-test was applied on pre and post changing and facilities provided to patients on primary health centers. Results: 400 respondents with 60 years of age visited the hospital.  The majority 212 of the respondents were male patients and 208 patients belong to a rural area. After the intervention, a significant difference was found in hospital management at p-value 0.02 and information system at p-value 0.000 Conclusion: We founded significant change after the implementation of the Practical Approach to Care Kit at primary healthcare centers of Pakistan with health professionals who had been trained in the protocol

Refractive index sensor with asymmetrical tapered fiber based on evanescent field sensing

We report and demonstrate a single-mode asymmetric tapered fiber as a refractive index (RI) sensor based on evanescent field sensing. The proposed setup managed to sense the changes of RI when the tapered region was exposed to different concentrations of Sodium chloride (NaCl). This was possible due to the output interference spectrum shifting in response to the changes of RI. Different environmental sensitivities were achieved by manipulating the transition lengths of the tapered fiber. Experimental results depict RI sensitivities of 3914.7 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and 3395.7 nm/RIU for taper profiles with down-taper transition lengths of 2 mm and 8 mm, respectively, which is higher than previously reported asymmetric taper RI sensors. Such findings may find itself beneficial in low cost, reliable and simplified sensors

COMPARISON OF OUTCOMES OF ENDOSCOPIC MICRODISCECTOMY VERSUS CONVENTIONAL DISCECTOMY FOR LUMBER DISC DISEASES

Introduction: Chronic lumbosacral pain is a communal and difficult clinical condition at the center of pain management. The most common surgical indication is back pain or intractable and severe functional impairment that does not respond to conservative measures. In this study we have compared the results of endoscopic d microdiscectomy and conventional discectomy procedure. Material and Methods: We included 54 patients with severe lower back pain who did not improve after long-term conservative treatment and who had level 3 disc prolapse, radiating to one or both lower limbs. Oswestry Disability Index (For Low Back Pain) was documented with questionnaire comeback and applied as a clinical tool for valuation. Results: The average age of the 54 patients was 46 years and 75% of patients have paracentral disc protrusion. The mean endoscopic microdiscectomy surgery time was 110 minutes; was longer than conventional discectomy (82 minutes). However, blood loss was very small compared to conventional discectomy. According to the ODI result, both conventional and endoscopic discectomy gave same outcomes in all classes. Conclusion: Endoscopic microdiscectomy is a new, effective and safe procedure that reduces the invasiveness of the surgical approach. The results obtained by this approach are comparable with those obtained with open discectomy to alleviate symptoms during prolonged observation, and because the tissue has minimal trauma, it is much better in early mobilization and morbidity

Land Cover Classification Assessment Using Decision Trees and Maximum Likelihood Classification Algorithms on Landsat 8 Data

Classification technique on remote sensing images is an effort taken to identify the class of each pixel based on the spectral characteristics of various channels. Traditional classifications such as Maximum Likelihood are based on statistical parameters such as standard deviation and mean, which have a probability model of each pixel in each class. While the object-based classification method, one of which is the Decision Trees, is based on rules for each class with mathematical functions. This study compares the Decision Trees and Maximum Likelihood algorithms for land cover classification in the Surabaya and Bangkalan areas using Landsat 8 data. This research begins with creating Regions of Interest (ROIs) and Rules on images with greater than and less than functions for Decision Trees. The ROIs test was carried out using the Separability Index and matching each class using the Confusion Matrix. The experimental results show that the accuracy value resulting from the Confusion Matrix calculation is 90.48%, with a Kappa Coefficient Value of 0.87. The Decision Trees method produces land cover nigher to the actual condition than the Maximum Likelihood method. The difference in the class distribution of the two ways is not significant. This study is limited because the validation uses manual interpretation results. Future research is expected to use the large-scale classification results from the relevant agencies to verify the classification results and use field data, larger samples of ROIs, and the use of high-resolution imagery in order to improve the classification results