Materialismo y Educacíon en América Latina: la Pedagogía Histórica crítica de Dermeval Saviani

ANAIS DA XIV JORNADA DO HISTEDBR: Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, Educação e Revolução: 100 anos da Revolução Russa. UNIOESTE – FOZ DO IGUAÇU-PR.La educación es un fenómeno que no puede ser abordado al margen de su naturaleza histórica y social. La educación es un fenómeno complejo porque es esencial. Quien se afana por comprender la Educación, se afana por comprender los fundamentos más internos y esenciales de la experiencia humana en el mundo. Dermerval Saviani (1944-) construyó con su denominada «Pedagogía Histórico- Crítica», una pedagogía crítica latinoamericana considerando la interrelación del fenómeno histórico y el social en el proceso educativo. Su perspectiva, lo posiciona como uno de los pensadores latinoamericanos contemporáneos más consecuente con su militancia política y su práctica pedagógica. Es por ello que su perspectiva sobre la educación parte de considerarla como una práctica humana social e histórica, como un « Trabajo Pedagógico» que crea lo «humano» en el hombre. Su lectura mantiene siempre en unidad las mediaciones existentes entre el fenómeno escolar y el fenómeno social, sin borrar sus determinaciones reciprocas y los momentos de autonomía relativa de cada una de ellas al devenir en el tiempo. En el presente trabajo pretendemos exponer de manera clara, el pensamiento histórico materialista de Dermeval Saviani, de su Pedagogía Histórico Crítica a través de su ya clásico texto de “Escuela y Democrácia” (1983), ya que es un texto que nos permite acercarnos a las formulaciones iniciales de su perspectiva pedagógica. Apoyándonos un poco en su texto “Pedagogía Histórico- Crítica” (1991), donde nos deja sus “Primeras aproximaciones” más acabadas, trataremos de presentar como la propuesta pedagógica de Saviani es un materialismo aplicado al fenómeno de la educación. En un primer momento, mostraremos cómo para Saviani la relación pedagogía y democracia trae el problema de la marginalidad como su eje fundamental. En un segundo momento, revelaremos cuál es el carácter específico del fenómen

Pensar Contra la Barbarie: “El Concepto de Industria Cultural en Theodor Adorno; una concretización para el Caso de la Radio en Colombia 1929- 1958

Estudiante de Sociología del departamento de sociología de la facultad de ciencias sociales y humanas de la UdeA [No activo]. Estudiante de Filosofía universidad federal de integración latinoamericana UNILA (Brasil). Integrante grupo de investigación de Filosofía Política en la Línea de Teoría Crítica del Instituto de Filosofía de la Universidad de AntioquiaDentro del alto medio académico colombiano, es un hecho aceptado y casi evidente, que el desarrollo de la Radio en el país fue – y es hoy día – un eje fundamental para la consolidación del desarrollo en los ámbitos culturales, sociales y económicos. Ahora bien, cuando se trata de auscultar las relaciones existentes entre Radio y Política en Colombia, las cosas tienden a no ser tan claras y evidentes, olvidando en gran medida que la Radio es un proceso que cons- truye y difunde códigos simbólicos, ideológicos que configuran proyectos políticos (Domín- guez, 2013), haciendo parte activa en la lucha por el poder del Estado. La compleja relación entre Estado y Sociedad estudiada por la sociología política, es concretizado en el fenómeno de la Radio y de ahí parte su difícil discernimiento, puesto que se le considera aisladamente como elemento importante en el desarrollo sociocultural y económico, más no en sus impli- caciones políticas. Durante la presidencia de Miguel Abadía Méndez, en 1929, nace la radio- difusora nacional, la HJN y desde allí, tal medio de comunicación se desplegó entrando a ju- gar un papel importante dentro del desarrollo de los acontecimiento políticos, aunque lo hizo a la mejor manera ondulatoria, siendo perceptible sólo para quien posee un aparato, sea técni- co - transistor, radio- o natural – el oído humano-, para su captación. En nuestro caso, tal “Receptor” es una mirada socio histórica crítica. Pretendemos leer la historia sociopolítica de Colombia a través de sus archivos sonoros; es decir, queremos realizar una sociología crítica de la construcción de memoria histórica de Colombia por medio de la radio. El presente texto, presenta una concretización en el desarrollo histórico de la Radio en Colombia entre 1929 y 1958 de lo interpretado por Theodor W. Adorno con el concepto de «Industria Cultural». En una primera medida, discutiremos la importancia de una lectura “negativa” de la historia co- lombiana. En un segundo momento, revelaremos la relación entre el desarrollo de la raciona- lidad instrumental y el surgimiento de la Radio en el país. Como tercera parte, realizaremos finalmente nuestras conclusionesNo meio acadêmico colombiano, é um fato aceito e quase evidente que o desenvolvimento da Rádio no país foi - e é hoje - um eixo fundamental para a consolidação do desenvolvimento nos campos cultural, social e econômico. Agora, quando se trata de ouvir as relações entre rádio e política na Colômbia, as coisas tendem a não ser tão claras e evidentes, esquecendo amplamente que o rádio é um processo que constrói e divulga códigos simbólicos e ideológi-cos que elas moldam projetos políticos (Domín-Guez, 2013), participando ativamente da luta pelo poder do Estado. A complexa relação entre Estado e Sociedade estudada pela sociologia política é concretizada no fenômeno da Rádio e, portanto, em seu discernimento difícil, uma vez que é considerada isoladamente como um elemento importante no desenvolvimento só-cio-cultural e econômico, mas não em suas implicações. feriados políticos. Durante a presi-dência de Miguel Abadía Méndez, em 1929, nasceu a emissora nacional de rádio HJN e, a partir daí, esses meios de comunicação foram implantados, desempenhando um papel impor-tante no desenvolvimento de eventos políticos, embora ele o tenha feito. o melhor caminho de onda, sendo perceptível apenas para quem possui um aparelho, seja técnico - transistor, rádio ou natural - o ouvido humano - para sua captura. No nosso caso, esse "receptor" é uma visão social histórica crítica. Pretendemos ler a história sociopolítica da Colômbia através de seus arquivos de som; isto é, queremos realizar uma sociologia crítica da construção da memória histórica da Colômbia via rádio. Este texto apresenta uma concretização no desenvolvimento histórico da Rádio na Colômbia entre 1929 e 1958, conforme interpretado por Theodor W. Adorno com o conceito de "Indústria Cultural". Numa primeira medida, discutiremos a im-portância de uma leitura "negativa" da história colombiana. Em um segundo momento, reve-laremos a relação entre o desenvolvimento da racionalidade instrumental e o surgimento da Rádio no país. Como terceira parte, finalmente tiraremos nossas conclusõesWithin the Colombian academic environment, it is an accepted and almost evident fact that the development of Radio in the country was - and is today - a fundamental axis for the con- solidation of development in the cultural, social and economic fields. Now, when it comes to listening to the relations between Radio and Politics in Colombia, things tend not to be so clear and evident, largely forgetting that Radio is a process that builds and disseminates sym- bolic, ideological codes that they shape political projects (Domín-guez, 2013), taking an ac- tive part in the struggle for state power. The complex relationship between State and Society studied by political sociology, is concretized in the phenomenon of Radio and hence its diffi- cult discernment, since it is considered in isolation as an important element in socio-cultural and economic development, but not in its implications. -political holidays. During the presi- dency of Miguel Abadía Méndez, in 1929, the national radio broadcaster, the HJN, was born and from there, such means of communication was deployed, playing an important role in the development of political events, although he did so the best wave way, being perceptible only to those who own an apparatus, be it technical - transistor, radio- or natural - the human ear-, for its capture. In our case, such a "Receiver" is a critical historical socio-view. We intend to read the sociopolitical history of Colombia through its sound archives; that is to say, we want to carry out a critical sociology of the construction of historical memory of Colombia through radio. This text presents a concretization in the historical development of Radio in Colombia between 1929 and 1958 as interpreted by Theodor W. Adorno with the concept of «Cultural Industry». In a first measure, we will discuss the importance of a "negative" reading of the Colombian history. In a second moment, we will reveal the relationship between the devel- opment of instrumental rationality and the emergence of Radio in the country. As a third part, we will finally make our conclusion

Antropología del Poder: scientia sexualis y homo oeconomicus en Michel Foucault

Autor Licenciado en Filosofía de la Universidad Federal de Integración LatinoamericanaNo se puede pensar la política —y lo político— sin el ser humano, ni al ser humano sin las relaciones políticas; del mismo modo, no se puede pensar la vida sin nuestro cuerpo, ni al cuerpo sin un espacio vital. Es por ello que el cuerpo y el poder son claves para pensar cualquier antropología filosófica. El presente artículo se propone definir una antropología del poder en el pensamiento de Michel Foucault (1926-1984) como clave de interpretación de su teoría política. Para ello, nos proponemos dejar claro dos expresiones latinas utilizadas por el filósofo francés, para, transitando por esas vías hermenéuticas, definir la articulación entre el espacio, el poder y la verdad, en la concepción de ser humano que elabora.Universidad Nacional de Colombi

El sinsentido de la historia y la sociología del sentido: La concepción de historia en Max Weber

En este artículo se aborda la discusión sobre el papel de la historia en la teoría comprensiva de weber; por ello se parte del postulado de que el sentido en weber es un concepto que permite explorar cómo la historia les permite a los grupos sociales la construcción de significados y valoraciones en relación con su acción. Para abordar esta discusión se valoran y exploran los conceptos de tipo ideal y objetividad cognoscitiva, así como el papel del análisis de la burocracia y la imputación causal, con el fin de dar cuenta de cómo en el análisis de estos se pueden identificar las evidencias teóricas de dicho postulado.This article aims to address the discussion on the role of history on Weber’s comprehensive theory; it starts from a postulate according to which, sense, as per Weber, is a concept that let us explore how history allows the social groups to have the possibility to construct meaning and value in relation to their action. in order to address the discussion, cognitive and ideal concepts are valued and explored, as well as the role of the analysis of bureaucracy and casual imputation aimed at providing an account of how, by analyzing these concepts, it is possible to identify the theoretical evidence of the aforemen-tioned postulate.Universidad de Antioqui

Informe de Sistematización Programa Clubes Juveniles de la Ciudad de Medellín

“Anais da 2a Semana Acadêmica de Ciência Política e Sociologia: Violência e Democracia na América Latina.” - 09, 10 e 11 de Novembro de 2016. Realização: Curso de Graduação em Ciência Política e Sociologia - Sociedade, Estado e Política na América Latina. Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (Unila) - Estado e Políticas PúblicasDe ninguna manera el joven es lo que es; más bien, es lo que todavía no es. Digamos que solo eligiendo el Joven se da un Ser. El joven no es ya un niño, ni es todavía un adulto, por ello, la juventud es un estado de transición. En ella se encuentran mezcladas firmeza, sabiduría y templanza del adulto, junto con la imaginación, juego y libertad del niño. El Joven es entonces todavía algo más asombroso: un proceso; el proceso de auto creación de una personalidad, el proceso mismo de darse una determinada «Forma individual». La juventud es conflicto frente al mundo tal cual como se le presenta; es ansiedad y angustia por la responsabilidad del propio destino; la inseguridad frente a la pérdida de lo establecido, de la estructura del mundo que se le impone y lo homogeniza, “obligándolo” a la exploración de las propias capacidades personales; pero también es el ascenso de la forma más elevada de sí mismo, la propia Identidad singularRealização: Curso de Graduação em Ciência Política e Sociologia - Sociedade, Estado e Política na América Latina. Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (Unila

A Shift In Perspective

This project addresses the question of how to shift the average American History curriculum into a more Minnesota centric curriculum without the need to rewrite it completely or make it more cumbersome. The author believes that students will be more engaged if they have a personal connection to the people and places described. The main influence for this project was full curriculums written for Minnesota History at both the Secondary and College level. It differs though in that instead of being strictly about Minnesota History this paper uses Minnesota as a focal point for each broader topic. The author uses historical documents and research to show how Minnesota relates to the various topics. The author talks about the various Minnesota regiments and how they figured into specific Civil War entanglements like Gettysburg and Shiloh as an example. The author includes resources for teachers to use including interactive maps, timelines and web sites for further research. Also included in the Appendix is an amended Civil War Unit to demonstrate the new shift in perspective along with examples of specific lesson plans from both the Civil War unit and also on James J. Hill. Each lesson includes the Minnesota State Graduation standard that the lesson meets for teachers to keep track of. The author stresses the need for this to be adaptable for any classroom

Evolutionary divergence of the plant elicitor peptides (Peps) and their receptors: interfamily incompatibility of perception but compatibility of downstream signalling

Plant elicitor peptides (Peps) co-evolved with their receptors, resulting in interfamily incompatibility of Pep recognition. In contrast, operation of defence pathways by Pep receptors is conserved within the flowering plant

The family of Peps and their precursors in Arabidopsis: differential expression and localization but similar induction of pattern-triggered immune responses

In Arabidopsis thaliana, the endogenous danger peptides, AtPeps, have been associated with plant defences reminiscent of those induced in pattern-triggered immunity. AtPeps are perceived by two homologous receptor kinases, PEPR1 and PEPR2, and are encoded in the C termini of the PROPEP precursors. Here, we report that, contrary to the seemingly redundant AtPeps, the PROPEPs fall at least into two distinct groups. As revealed by promoter-β-glucuronidase studies, expression patterns of PROPEP1-3, -5, and -8 partially overlapped and correlated with those of the PEPR1 and -2 receptors, whereas those of PROPEP4 and -7 did not share any similarities with the former. Moreover, bi-clustering analysis indicated an association of PROPEP1, -2, and -3 with plant defence, whereas PROPEP5 expression was related to patterns of plant reproduction. In addition, at the protein level, PROPEPs appeared to be distinct. PROPEP3::YFP (fused to yellow fluorescent protein) was present in the cytosol, but, in contrast to previous predictions, PROPEP1::YFP and PROPEP6::YFP localized to the tonoplast. Together with the expression patterns, this could point to potentially non-redundant roles among the members of the PROPEP family. By contrast, their derived AtPeps, including the newly reported AtPep8, when applied exogenously, provoked activation of defence-related responses in a similar manner, suggesting a high level of functional redundancy between the AtPeps. Taken together, our findings reveal an apparent antagonism between AtPep redundancy and PROPEP variability, and indicate new roles for PROPEPs besides plant immunit

Assumption of Risk and Abnormally Dangerous Activities: A Proposal

Assumption of Risk and Abnormally Dangerous Activities: A Proposa

AtPeps as danger signals in arabidopsis - their release from PROPEP proteins by highly specific metacaspases

Microbial pathogens and herbivores are some of the key drivers of evolutionary adaptations by plants. As sessile organisms plants have to react quickly and strongly with defense responses to repel any invading organism. Besides preformed structures like thick cell walls and long thorns plants can activate innate immune responses that in a complex way lead to the activation of very efficient countermeasures. These include measurable changes on the plants hormone and gene expression levels but also plenty of secondary metabolites can be produced that directly have antimicrobial or herbivore repellent activity. Key to the timely initiation of defense responses is the perception of the invader and its detrimental activity. Plants carry highly specific pattern recognition receptors (PRR) to detect microbial or herbivore specific molecular signatures, so called microbe- or herbivore-associated molecular patterns (MAMP/HAMP). Less specific but equally efficient plant defenses can also be activated by the perception of self-molecules that behave differently once cell damage occurs. So called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) are released passively or actively from damaged cells and serve as strong indicators of an infection or the presence of an herbivore. In this work the mechanisms around expression, activation and activity of recently described DAMPs, the family of plant elicitor peptides (PEPs), were investigated in more detail. PEPs are perceived by the plant they are released from via specific PEP receptors (PEPRs) and thereby trigger defense responses. PEPs are expressed as larger PROPEPs, and we first investigated the expression of seven formerly known and a newly identified eighth PROPEP and that of the two PEPRs in Arabidopsis tissues using the promoter-GUS fusion technique. We were able to show that expression of PROPEPs 1-3, 5 and 8 mostly overlapped and correlated with the expression of both PEPRs, whilst PROPEP4 and 7 were only weakly expressed in small areas of the roots. In silico analysis unveiled the influences of biotic stresses on the PROPEP expression patterns and showed that PROPEP 1-3 are most strongly regulated by defense-associated mechanisms. To determine the subcellular localization of a selection of PROPEPs we observed PROPEP 1, 3 and 6 fused to Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP) within the cells and found PROPEP1 and 6 to be localized to the tonoplast membrane, whilst PROPEP3 showed a cytoplasmic localization. Despite the apparent different expression and localization patterns of PROPEPs, the elicitation activity of the mature PEPs was very similar, even though all eight AtPEPs were perceived by AtPEPR1 while AtPEPR2 was activated exclusively by AtPEP1 and 2. Even though a lot of research has been already done on the responses induced after PEP elicitation the circumstances and the mechanism leading to PEP genesis from the PROPEP precursor has not been uncovered so far. Here, we observed the rapid formation of Arabidopsis PEP1 from PROPEP1 upon cell damage. Cleavage of PROPEP1 depended on the presence of the conserved arginine 69 and was impaired by chelating Ca2+ ions or addition of a metacaspase-specific inhibitor. This led to the identification of the arginine-specific cysteine protease AtMetacaspase 4 (MC4). MC4 activation correlated with PEP1 formation, MC4 was able to cleave PROPEP1 in vitro, and lack of MC4 impaired PROPEP1 cleavage in vivo. Furthermore, laser ablation experiments revealed damage-induced relocalization of PROPEP1 that was dependent on MC4 activity. Notably, PEPR1 internalization in cells adjacent to the site of laser ablation indicated PEP1 release. Thus MC4 is the bona fide protease for PROPEP1 processing and thereby enables PEP1 relocalization to first the cytosol and, depending on the cellular integrity, the extracellular space. In a third project we gained knowledge about the conservation of the PROPEP-Pep-PEPR system across the plant kingdom. We identified new PEPs in Brassicaceae, Solanaceae and Poaceae species with elicitor activity being limited to the plant family of their origin. We deduced Brassicaceae, Solanaceae and Poaceae specific amino acid motifs within the respective PEP families that are required for intra-family elicitor activity and seem to explain the interfamily incompatibility. In addition we identified a large number of PEPRs outside Arabidopsis and cloned the coding sequences of Zea mays PEPR and Solanum Lycopersicum PEPR for further characterization. Expression of these newly identified receptors in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated their functionality upon perception of the corresponding PEPs. Thus, contrary to PROPEPs, the PEPRs are interspecies compatible. In summary with this study valuable new data on the characteristics and ubiquity of the PROPEP-PEP-PEPR system in general and the PROPEPs in particular were generated. Importantly, light was shed on the hitherto unknown processing of PROPEPs that not only significantly advanced PEP research but also the work on plant proteases which is struggling to identify in vivo substrates. Finally, this work might soon be recognized as the foundation to define the first plant cytokines