Économie Circulaire : Fondement théorique et lien avec le développement durable

The concept of the circular economy first appeared in 1989 to explain the transition from the traditional open economic system to the circular economic system as a consequence of the law of thermodynamics (Georgescu-Roegen, 1971).In this paper, we will outline the different definitions of the concept of the circular economy, then we will discuss the main theories that underpin this concept and finally we will put the spotlight on the relationship between the circular economy and sustainable development. The result of our literature review showed that Circular Economy, has been defined in several ways. Our theoretical analysis also shows that The roots of CE can be found in general systems theory and industrial ecology ( Ghisellini et al. 2016). Thus, the first theory was put forward by the German biologist Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1950). This theory played a role in the emergence of a new scientific model based on the interrelation of the elements that make up systems. The second theory considers the industrial system as a living ecosystem (Billen et al., 1983). Finally, we found that several authors (Feng and Yan, 2007; Geng and Doberstein, 2008; Ness, 2008; Mathews and Tan, 2011; Naustdalslid, 2014) have considered the circular economy as a new economic business model that should lead to more sustainable development and a harmonious society.   Keywords: circular economy, literature review, theoretical approaches, sustainable development. Classification JEL: Q01 Paper type: Theoretical ResearchLe concept d’économie circulaire est  apparu pour la première fois, en 1989, pour expliquer le passage du  système économique traditionnel ouvert vers le système économique circulaire comme une conséquence de la loi de la  thermodynamique (Georgescu-Roegen, 1971) .Dans ce papier ,nous allons exposer les différentes  définitions du concept  de l’économie circulaire ,ensuite nous allons traiter les principales théories qui sont à la base de ce concept et enfin nous allons mettre le projecteur sur la relation entre l’économie circulaire et le développement durable. Le résultat de notre revue de littérature a montré que l’économie circulaire a été définie de plusieurs façons. Notre analyse théorique démontre aussi que les racines de l'économie circulaire se trouvent dans la théorie générale des systèmes et l'écologie industrielle ( Ghisellini et al. 2016). Ainsi, la première théorie a été avancée par le biologiste allemand Karl Ludwig Von Bertalanffy (1950).Cette théorie a joué un rôle dans l'émergence d'un nouveau modèle scientifique basé sur l’interrelation des éléments qui composent les systèmes. Quant à la deuxième théorie, elle considère le système industriel comme étant un écosystème vivant (Billen et al., 1983). Finalement, nous avons constaté que plusieurs auteurs (Feng et Yan, 2007 ; Geng et Doberstein, 2008 ; Ness, 2008 ; Mathews et Tan, 2011 ; Naustdalslid, 2014) ont considéré L'économie circulaire comme un nouveau modèle économique d'affaires qui devrait mener à un développement plus durable et à une société harmonieuse.   Mots clés : économie circulaire, revu de littérature, approches théoriques, développement durable. JEL Classification : Q01 Type de l’article : Recherche théoriqu

Cross-oncopanel study reveals high sensitivity and accuracy with overall analytical performance depending on genomic regions.

Targeted sequencing using oncopanels requires comprehensive assessments of accuracy and detection sensitivity to ensure analytical validity. By employing reference materials characterized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-led SEquence Quality Control project phase2 (SEQC2) effort, we perform a cross-platform multi-lab evaluation of eight Pan-Cancer panels to assess best practices for oncopanel sequencing. All panels demonstrate high sensitivity across targeted high-confidence coding regions and variant types for the variants previously verified to have variant allele frequency (VAF) in the 5-20% range. Sensitivity is reduced by utilizing VAF thresholds due to inherent variability in VAF measurements. Enforcing a VAF threshold for reporting has a positive impact on reducing false positive calls. Importantly, the false positive rate is found to be significantly higher outside the high-confidence coding regions, resulting in lower reproducibility. Thus, region restriction and VAF thresholds lead to low relative technical variability in estimating promising biomarkers and tumor mutational burden. This comprehensive study provides actionable guidelines for oncopanel sequencing and clear evidence that supports a simplified approach to assess the analytical performance of oncopanels. It will facilitate the rapid implementation, validation, and quality control of oncopanels in clinical use.All SEQC2 participants freely donated their time, reagents, and computing resources for the completion and analysis of this project. Part of this work was carried out with the support of the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (to Mehdi Pirooznia), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (to Pierre Bushel), and National Library of Medicine (to Danielle Thierry-Mieg, Jean Thierry-Mieg, and Chunlin Xiao). Leming Shi and Yuanting Zheng were supported by the National Key R&D Project of China (2018YFE0201600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31720103909), and Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01). Donald J. Johann, Jr. acknowledges the support by FDA BAA grant HHSF223201510172C. Timothy Mercer and Ira Deveson were supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia grants APP1108254, APP1114016, and APP1173594 and Cancer Institute NSW Early Career Fellowship 2018/ECF013. This research has also been, in part, financially supported by the MEYS of the CR under the project CEITEC 2020 (LQ1601), by MH CR, grant No. (NV19-03-00091). Part of this work was carried out with the support of research infrastructure EATRIS-CZ, ID number LM2015064, funded by MEYS CR. Boris Tichy and Nikola Tom were supported by research infrastructure EATRIS-CZ, ID number LM2018133 funded by MEYS CR and MEYS CR project CEITEC 2020 (LQ1601).S