Primary Effusion Lymphoma: An Untrivial Differential Diagnosis for Ascites

A primary effusion lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma where serous cavities are involved. That-cause peritoneal, pleural and pericardial effusions without any lymphadenopathy. They affect immunosuppressive patients with human herpes virus-8 being the suspected etiological agent. The prognosis is usually poor despite treatment. Herein, the case of an immunocompetent patient with ascites and pleural effusion diagnosed as primary effusion lymphoma is presented and discuss the case in the light of the current literature

Universality of Phases in QCD and QCD-like Theories

We argue that the whole or the part of the phase diagrams of QCD and QCD-like theories should be universal in the large-N_c limit through the orbifold equivalence. The whole phase diagrams, including the chiral phase transitions and the BEC-BCS crossover regions, are identical between SU(N_c) QCD at finite isospin chemical potential and SO(2N_c) and Sp(2N_c) gauge theories at finite baryon chemical potential. Outside the BEC-BCS crossover region in these theories, the phase diagrams are also identical to that of SU(N_c) QCD at finite baryon chemical potential. We give examples of the universality in some solvable cases: (i) QCD and QCD-like theories at asymptotically high density where the controlled weak-coupling calculations are possible, (ii) chiral random matrix theories of different universality classes, which are solvable large-N (large volume) matrix models of QCD. Our results strongly suggest that the chiral phase transition and the QCD critical point at finite baryon chemical potential can be studied using sign-free theories, such as QCD at finite isospin chemical potential, in lattice simulations.Comment: v1: 35 pages, 6 figures; v2: 37 pages, 6 figures, minor improvements, conclusion unchanged; v3: version published in JHE

Session 17 Ecophysiology

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Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma: A Rare Nasal-Type Case

Nasal type extranodal natural killer (NK) NK-cell/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a rare extranodal lymphoma of NK-cell or T-cell origin that most commonly affects immunocompetent middle-aged men of Asian or Native American descent [1]. The pathogenesis is not understood completely, but it is related in part to infection of the tumor cells with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) [2]. Around 6-7% of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) in Southeast Asia accounts for NKTCL. However, the incidence of NHL is lower in the United States at 1.5% [3,4]. Disease within the nasal cavity has a better prognosis. Radiation therapy alone can be curative. Over 60% of patients with stage 1 disease remain in long-term remission following treatment with radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy [5]. Nasal disease may be cured with radiotherapy at a rate of 85%. However, the relapse rate is high at 25%. Therefore, it is highly crucial for this aggressive disease to be diagnosed and treated at an early stag

I(CES)-Cubes: A Modular Self-Reconfigurable Bipartite Robotic System

In this manuscript, we introduce I(CES)-Cubes, a class of  three-dimensional modular robotic system that is capable of reconfiguring itself in order to adapt to its environment. This is a bipartite system, i.e., a collection of (i) active elements capable of actuation, and (ii) passive elements acting as connectors between actuated elements. Active elements, called links, are 3-DOF manipulators that are capable of attaching/detaching themselves to/from the passive elements (cubes). The cubes can then be positioned and oriented using links, which are independent mechatronic elements. Self-reconfiguration property enables the system to perform locomotion tasks over difficult terrain. For example, the system would be capable of moving over obstacles and climbing stairs. These tasks are performed by positioning and orienting cubes and links to form a three-dimensional network with required shape and position. This paper describes the design of the passive and active elements, the attachment mechanisms, and several reconfiguration scenarios. Specifics of the hardware implementation and results of experiments with current prototypes are also given.  </p

BRAFV600E Mutation, RET/PTC1 and PAX8-PPAR Gamma Rearrangements in Follicular Epithelium Derived Thyroid Lesions - Institutional Experience and Literature Review

Background: Thyroid cancers are the most frequently occurring endocrine malignancy worldwide. In Turkey, thyroid cancers are ranked 2nd on the incidence list in women, with a rate of 16.2%, but they are not included among the top 10 cancer types in men. Aims: To identify the contribution of the BRAFV600E mutation, and the RET/PTC1 and PAX8-PPARγ rearrangements in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of follicular epithelial-derived thyroid lesions. Study Design: Retrospective clinical and molecular genetic study. Methods: A total of 86 thyroid cases diagnosed between 2001 and 2012 at the Department of Pathology were included in the retrospective study group. Samples best representing the lesion and comprising capsules were chosen in the selection of paraffin blocks pertaining to the cases. The BRAFV600E mutation, and the RET/PTC1 and PAX8-PPARγ rearrangements were investigated in all cases. Results: The BRAFV600E mutation was observed in 12 out of 37 papillary carcinoma cases (32.4%), in 1 out of 15 follicular carcinoma cases (6.6%), and in 1 out of 7 undifferentiated carcinoma cases (14.3%). No mutation was detected in benign lesions. The RET/PTC1 rearrangement was detected in 2 out of 7 undifferentiated carcinoma cases (28.6%), and in 1 out of 15 follicular carcinoma cases (6.6%). No gene rearrangement was detected in benign lesions. The PAX8-PPARγ rearrangement was detected in 5 out of 15 follicular thyroid carcinoma cases (33.3%) and in 1 out of 15 follicular adenoma cases (6.6%). Conclusion: The BRAFV600E mutation and RET/PTC1 rearrangement were effective in distinguishing the follicular epithelium-derived benign and malignant lesions of the thyroid in the resection materials. The BRAFV600E mutation was rather specific to papillary carcinoma in the thyroid, and in cases where the BRAFV600E mutation was detected, multi-centricity, lymph node metastasis and capsular invasion findings were observed more frequently compared to cases in which no mutation was observed. The PAX8-PPARγ rearrangement was observed to be more effective in the differentiation of adenomas and carcinomas in follicular neoplasms of the thyroid, whereas the RET/PTC1 analysis contributed to the differential diagnosis of papillary carcinoma histogenesis at a frequency of 29% in undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas

Cytomorphological findings in diagnosis of Warthin tumor

Background/aim: To define the cytomorphologic findings leading to difficulties in diagnosis of Warthin tumors (WTs).Materials and methods: Forty-eight histopathologically diagnosed WT patients who had fine needle aspiration cytology preoperativelywere reevaluated for defining the presence or absence of lymphocytes, oncocytic cell layer, oncocytic cell papillae, granular debrisbackground, mucoid background, macrophages, polymorphonuclear cells, mast cells, squamous-like cells, atypical vacuolatedcytoplasmic cells, and giant cells.Results: Forty-seven tumors were in the parotid gland and one in the submandibular gland. There were 37 (77%) male and 11 (23%)female patients. Cytopathologically in 36 patients the diagnosis was benign neoplasm (WT); in 6, other benign entities; and in 6,suspicious for malignancy. The main characteristic cytomorphologic features of WTs were as follows: 92% lymphoid cells, 83% oncocyticcell layers, and 67% granular debris background. These percentages were 67%, 17%, and 17% in the benign cytology group and 67%,50%, and 17% in the suspicious for malignancy group, respectively.Conclusion: Absence or lack of main features of WTs with or without presence of squamous-like cells, vacuolated cytoplasmic cells,and inflammatory reaction may cause diagnostic dilemma. The presence of the mast cells accompanied by epithelial tissue was strikingfor WT diagnosis.WOS:0005142836000202-s2.0-8507934416