Nondestructive testing techniques for multilayer printed wiring boards Final report, 30 Jun. 1964 - 30 Sep. 1965

Nondestructive testing techniques for laminated printed circuit board

Flow initiation study for proposed tube wind tunnel, phase I. Appendix - Re-evaluation of candidate systems

Reevaluating flow initiation systems for large tube wind tunne

Climatology of aerosol optical properties in Northern Norway and Svalbard

We present comparisons between estimates of the aerosol optical thickness and the °Angstr¨om exponent in Northern Norway and Svalbard based on data from AERONET stations at Andenes (69 ◦N, 16 ◦E, 379 m altitude) and Hornsund (77 ◦N, 15◦E, 10 m altitude) for the period 2008–2010. The three-year annual mean values for the aerosol optical thickness at 500 nm τ(500) at Andenes and Hornsund were 0.11 and 0.10, respectively. At Hornsund, there was less variation of the monthly mean value of τ(500) than at Andenes. The annual mean values of the °Angstr¨om exponent α at Andenes and Hornsund were 1.18 and 1.37, respectively. At Andenes and Hornsund α was found to be larger than 1.0 in 68% and 93% of the observations, respectively, indicating that fine-mode particles were dominating at both sites. Both sites had a similar seasonal variation of the aerosol size distribution although one site is in an Arctic area while the other site is in a sub-arctic area.acceptedVersio

Excitation of Rydberg wave packets with chirped laser pulses

We study Rydberg wave packets produced by pairs of time separated femtosecond laser pulses. The time separation ranges from femtosecond to picosecond time scales. The wave packets consist predominantly of f states of principal quantum numbers n = 22-32 in Li. With a direct analysis of the field ionization spectra the n-level-resolved classical orbit times are displayed. By chirping the second excitation pulse we demonstrate controlled amplitude oscillations of n-level amplitudes on femtosecond time scales.Fil: Preclíková, J.. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Kozák, M.. Karlova Univerzita; República ChecaFil: Fregenal, Daniel Eduardo. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Frette, Ø.. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Hamre, B.. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Hjertaker, B. T.. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Hansen, J. P.. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Kocbach, L.. University of Bergen; Norueg

Unidentified transitions in one-photon intrashell dynamics in Rydberg atoms

One-photon intrashell transitions in strongly driven Li (n = 25) atoms are studied experimentally. Thedegeneracy of the n shell is lifted by orthogonal dc electric and magnetic fields, which also define the eccentricity of the initial coherent elliptic state. The transitions are driven by a radio frequency pulse linearly polarized parallel to the major axis of the ellipse. A small dc electric field component parallel to the magnetic field splits the one-photon resonance into two, and transitions in between are studied by state-selective field ionization. Unexpected lines in the ionization spectra relating to unknown transitions are found and discussed.Fil: Preclíková, J.. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Waheed, A.. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Fregenal, Daniel Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Frette, Ø.. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Hamre, B.. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Hjertaker, B.T.. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Horsdal, E.. University Aarhus; DinamarcaFil: Pilskog, I.. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Førre, M.. University of Bergen; Norueg

Anthroposophic medical therapy in chronic disease: a four-year prospective cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The short consultation length in primary care is a source of concern, and the wish for more consultation time is a common reason for patients to seek complementary medicine. Physicians practicing anthroposophic medicine have prolonged consultations with their patients, taking an extended history, addressing constitutional, psychosocial, and biographic aspect of patients' illness, and selecting optimal therapy. In Germany, health benefit programs have included the reimbursement of this additional physician time. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical outcomes in patients with chronic diseases treated by anthroposophic physicians after an initial prolonged consultation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In conjunction with a health benefit program in Germany, 233 outpatients aged 1–74 years, treated by 72 anthroposophic physicians after a consultation of at least 30 min participated in a prospective cohort study. Main outcomes were disease severity (Disease and Symptom Scores, physicians' and patients' assessment on numerical rating scales 0–10) and quality of life (adults: SF-36, children aged 8–16: KINDL, children 1–7: KITA). Disease Score was documented after 0, 6 and 12 months, other outcomes after 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and (Symptom Score and SF-36) 48 months.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Most common indications were mental disorders (17.6% of patients; primarily depression and fatigue), respiratory diseases (15.5%), and musculoskeletal diseases (11.6%). Median disease duration at baseline was 3.0 years (interquartile range 0.5–9.8 years). The consultation leading to study enrolment lasted 30–60 min in 51.5% (120/233) of patients and > 60 min in 48.5%. During the following year, patients had a median of 3.0 (interquartile range 1.0–7.0) prolonged consultations with their anthroposophic physicians, 86.1% (167/194) of patients used anthroposophic medication.</p> <p>All outcomes except KITA Daily Life subscale and KINDL showed significant improvement between baseline and all subsequent follow-ups. Improvements from baseline to 12 months were: Disease Score from mean (standard deviation) 5.95 (1.74) to 2.31 (2.29) (p < 0.001), Symptom Score from 5.74 (1.81) to 3.04 (2.16) (p < 0.001), SF-36 Physical Component Summary from 44.01 (10.92) to 47.99 (10.43) (p < 0.001), SF-36 Mental Component Summary from 42.34 (11.98) to 46.84 (10.47) (p < 0.001), and KITA Psychosoma subscale from 62.23 (19.76) to 76.44 (13.62) (p = 0.001). All these improvements were maintained until the last follow-up. Improvements were similar in patients not using diagnosis-related adjunctive therapies within the first six study months.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Patients treated by anthroposophic physicians after an initial prolonged consultation had long-term reduction of chronic disease symptoms and improvement of quality of life. Although the pre-post design of the present study does not allow for conclusions about comparative effectiveness, study findings suggest that physician-provided anthroposophic therapy may play a beneficial role in the long-term care of patients with chronic diseases.</p

Eurythmy therapy in chronic disease: a four-year prospective cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Many patients with chronic diseases use complementary therapies, often provided by their physicians. In Germany, several physician-provided complementary therapies have been reimbursed by health insurance companies as part of health benefit programs. In most of these therapies, the patient has a predominantly passive role. In eurythmy therapy, however, patients actively exercise specific movements with the hands, the feet or the whole body. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical outcomes in patients practising eurythmy therapy exercises for chronic diseases.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In conjunction with a health benefit program, 419 outpatients from 94 medical practices in Germany, referred to 118 eurythmy therapists, participated in a prospective cohort study. Main outcomes were disease severity (Disease and Symptom Scores, physicians' and patients' assessment on numerical rating scales 0–10) and quality of life (adults: SF-36, children aged 8–16: KINDL, children 1–7: KITA). Disease Score was documented after 0, 6 and 12 months, other outcomes after 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and (SF-36 and Symptom Score) 48 months.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Most common indications were mental disorders (31.7% of patients; primarily depression, fatigue, and childhood emotional disorder) and musculoskeletal diseases (23.4%). Median disease duration at baseline was 3.0 years (interquartile range 1.0–8.5). Median number of eurythmy therapy sessions was 12 (interquartile range 10–19), median therapy duration was 119 days (84–188).</p> <p>All outcomes improved significantly between baseline and all subsequent follow-ups (exceptions: KITA Psychosoma in first three months and KINDL). Improvements from baseline to 12 months were: Disease Score from mean (standard deviation) 6.65 (1.81) to 3.19 (2.27) (p < 0.001), Symptom Score from 5.95 (1.75) to 3.49 (2.12) (p < 0.001), SF-36 Physical Component Summary from 43.13 (10.25) to 47.10 (9.78) (p < 0.001), SF-36 Mental Component Summary from 38.31 (11.67) to 45.01 (11.76) (p < 0.001), KITA Psychosoma from 69.53 (15.45) to 77.21 (13.60) (p = 0.001), and KITA Daily Life from 59.23 (21.78) to 68.14 (18.52) (p = 0.001). All these improvements were maintained until the last follow-up. Improvements were similar in patients not using diagnosis-related adjunctive therapies within the first six study months.</p> <p>Adverse reactions to eurythmy therapy occurred in 3.1% (13/419) of patients. No patient stopped eurythmy therapy due to adverse reactions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Patients practising eurythmy therapy exercises had long-term improvement of chronic disease symptoms and quality of life. Although the pre-post design of the present study does not allow for conclusions about comparative effectiveness, study findings suggest that eurythmy therapy can be useful for patients motivated for this therapy.</p