4,901 research outputs found
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Semantic memory redux: an experimental test of hierarchical category representation
Four experiments investigated the classic issue in semantic memory of whether people organize categorical information in hierarchies and use inference to retrieve information from them, as proposed by Collins & Quillian (1969). Past evidence has focused on RT to confirm sentences such as “All birds are animals” or “Canaries breathe.” However, confounding variables such as familiarity and associations between the terms have led to contradictory results. Our experiments avoided such problems by teaching subjects novel materials. Experiment 1 tested an implicit hierarchical structure in the features of a set of studied objects (e.g., all brown objects were large). Experiment 2 taught subjects nested categories of artificial bugs. In Experiment 3, subjects learned a tree structure of novel category hierarchies. In all three, the results differed from the predictions of the hierarchical inference model. In Experiment 4, subjects learned a hierarchy by means of paired associates of novel category names. Here we finally found the RT signature of hierarchical inference. We conclude that it is possible to store information in a hierarchy and retrieve it via inference, but it is difficult and avoided whenever possible. The results are more consistent with feature comparison models than hierarchical models of semantic memory
A Comparative Study Of Grades Between Athletes And Non-Athletes In District 3 AAA of The State Interscholastic League Of Texas
For years educators have been concerned about the effect of athletic participation on the scholastic grades of athletes. They have wondered If the number of sports participated in should be limited, such questions as: Is the curriculum too rigid? Is there enough time being spent on the development of athletics? Or, Is it that the participants don\u27t have the ability to think well. These and countless other questions remain unanswered. All of these things have left questions in the mind of educators as to which has the greater influence upon athletic success, superior physical material, or the ability to adjust to new situations? The curricula is being broadened annually to help meet the needs of the youth in our rapid changing times. The curriculum mat be arranged to meet this challenge of the change. Educators are seeking means, methods, and standards whereby tomorrow\u27s leaders may be prepared to keep pace with the space area. If we fail to prepare our young people, we have not completed the task for which we have dedicated ourselves. We as educators must meet the challenge of the present age and anticipate that of the future, and by so doing prepare our young people to live useful lives in the present and in times to come during their entire lifetime. The objective of the schools of this age is to prepare the student, mentally, socially, academically, and physically for the vocation he may pursue after graduation. The literature reveals that administrators want to provide a program of such nature, that it will allow pupils to participate is whatever outside of the classroom activities, under school supervision, they may desire* It is with those mentioned facts in mind that hare led the writer in the direction of this study
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Material Morphology and energy barriers to electrical ageing
A distribution of the parameters representing activation energy of the ageing process within the Dissado-Montanari-Mazzanti (DMM) lifetime model has been shown to model experimental lifetime distributions of PET films well. The results imply small differences in the local environments of the moieties involved in the ageing process. Very small changes in the minimum activation energy values have a pronounced effect on the resultant lifetimes of polymer specimens. Changes in the distributions of activation energies with field and temperature can be explained by assuming the ageing process to be one whereby polymer segments on lamella surfaces crystallise to create free volume within the polymer
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The Rumsfeld Effect: The unknown unknown
A set of studies tested whether people can use awareness of ignorance to provide enhanced test consistency over time if they are allowed to place uncertain items into a “don’t know” category. For factual knowledge this did occur, but for a range of other forms of knowledge relating to conceptual knowledge and personal identity, no such effect was seen. Known unknowns would appear to be largely restricted to factual kinds of knowledge
NewsPad: Designing for Collaborative Storytelling in Neighborhoods
This paper introduces design explorations in neighborhood collaborative
storytelling. We focus on blogs and citizen journalism, which have been
celebrated as a means to meet the reporting needs of small local communities.
These bloggers have limited capacity and social media feeds seldom have the
context or readability of news stories. We present NewsPad, a content editor
that helps communities create structured stories, collaborate in real time,
recruit contributors, and syndicate the editing process. We evaluate NewsPad in
four pilot deployments and find that the design elicits collaborative story
creation.Comment: NewsPad: designing for collaborative storytelling in neighborhoods.
In Proceedings of the extended abstracts of the 32nd annual ACM conference on
Human factors in computing systems (CHI EA 2014
Chandra observations of the HII complex G5.89-0.39 and TeV gamma-ray source HESSJ1800-240B
We present the results of our investigation, using a Chandra X-ray
observation, into the stellar population of the massive star formation region
G5.89-0.39, and its potential connection to the coincident TeV gamma-ray source
HESSJ1800-240B. G5.89-0.39 comprises two separate HII regions G5.89-0.39A and
G5.89-0.39B (an ultra-compact HII region). We identified 159 individual X-ray
point sources in our observation using the source detection algorithm
\texttt{wavdetect}. 35 X-ray sources are associated with the HII complex
G5.89-0.39. The 35 X-ray sources represent an average unabsorbed luminosity
(0.3-10\,keV) of \,erg/s, typical of B7-B5 type stars. The
potential ionising source of G5.89-0.39B known as Feldt's star is possibly
identified in our observation with an unabsorbed X-ray luminosity suggestive of
a B7-B5 star. The stacked energy spectra of these sources is well-fitted with a
single thermal plasma APEC model with kT5\,keV, and column density
N\,cm (A). The residual
(source-subtracted) X-ray emission towards G5.89-0.39A and B is about 30\% and
25\% larger than their respective stacked source luminosities. Assuming this
residual emission is from unresolved stellar sources, the total
B-type-equivalent stellar content in G5.89-0.39A and B would be 75 stars,
consistent with an earlier estimate of the total stellar mass of hot stars in
G5.89-0.39. We have also looked at the variability of the 35 X-ray sources in
G5.89-0.39. Ten of these sources are flagged as being variable. Further studies
are needed to determine the exact causes of the variability, however the
variability could point towards pre-main sequence stars. Such a stellar
population could provide sufficient kinetic energy to account for a part of the
GeV to TeV gamma-ray emission in the source HESSJ1800-240B.Comment: 34 pages, 9 figure
Experimental Evidence for Quantum Structure in Cognition
We proof a theorem that shows that a collection of experimental data of
membership weights of items with respect to a pair of concepts and its
conjunction cannot be modeled within a classical measure theoretic weight
structure in case the experimental data contain the effect called
overextension. Since the effect of overextension, analogue to the well-known
guppy effect for concept combinations, is abundant in all experiments testing
weights of items with respect to pairs of concepts and their conjunctions, our
theorem constitutes a no-go theorem for classical measure structure for common
data of membership weights of items with respect to concepts and their
combinations. We put forward a simple geometric criterion that reveals the non
classicality of the membership weight structure and use experimentally measured
membership weights estimated by subjects in experiments to illustrate our
geometrical criterion. The violation of the classical weight structure is
similar to the violation of the well-known Bell inequalities studied in quantum
mechanics, and hence suggests that the quantum formalism and hence the modeling
by quantum membership weights can accomplish what classical membership weights
cannot do.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Ordinal Probit Functional Regression Models with Application to Computer-Use Behavior in Rhesus Monkeys
Research in functional regression has made great strides in expanding to
non-Gaussian functional outcomes, however the exploration of ordinal functional
outcomes remains limited. Motivated by a study of computer-use behavior in
rhesus macaques (\emph{Macaca mulatta}), we introduce the Ordinal Probit
Functional Regression Model or OPFRM to perform ordinal function-on-scalar
regression. The OPFRM is flexibly formulated to allow for the choice of
different basis functions including penalized B-splines, wavelets, and
O'Sullivan splines. We demonstrate the operating characteristics of the model
in simulation using a variety of underlying covariance patterns showing the
model performs reasonably well in estimation under multiple basis functions. We
also present and compare two approaches for conducting posterior inference
showing that joint credible intervals tend to out perform point-wise credible.
Finally, in application, we determine demographic factors associated with the
monkeys' computer use over the course of a year and provide a brief analysis of
the findings
The Princess and the Pea: The Assurance of Voluntary Compliance Between the Texas Attorney General and Aetna\u27s Texas HMOs and Its Impact on Financial Risk Shifting by Managed Care
The Texas Attorney General attempts to regulate managed care organizations and their shifting of financial risk by utilizing Assurance Voluntary Compliance to make the costs associated with the provisions of health insurance more transparent. A primary technique used to shift financial risk to providers of healthcare services is through the use of downstream entities which are commonly provider-sponsored organizations. It is the relationship between the downstream entity and the individual physicians that ultimately affects patient care, the doctor-patient relationship, and the quality of care. The regulatory community throughout the United States has made the regulation of downstream entities its number one priority.
It was in this context that then-Texas Attorney General Dan Morales filed suit against six health maintenance organizations (“HMO”) in December 1998, which ultimately led to the creation of Assurance Voluntary Compliance. The Assurance Voluntary Compliance led to HMO’s introducing “consumer driven” health plans. These new health plans call for the consumer to bear a greater responsibility of risk. In effect, the consumer is being called upon to assume the role of insurer in the consumer’s own health care expenditures. In the long term, it is unlikely that consumers will be able to manage risk, control costs, and ensure quality better than the managed care industry, employers, and health care providers that the consumers will be forced to replace
Meaning-focused and Quantum-inspired Information Retrieval
In recent years, quantum-based methods have promisingly integrated the
traditional procedures in information retrieval (IR) and natural language
processing (NLP). Inspired by our research on the identification and
application of quantum structures in cognition, more specifically our work on
the representation of concepts and their combinations, we put forward a
'quantum meaning based' framework for structured query retrieval in text
corpora and standardized testing corpora. This scheme for IR rests on
considering as basic notions, (i) 'entities of meaning', e.g., concepts and
their combinations and (ii) traces of such entities of meaning, which is how
documents are considered in this approach. The meaning content of these
'entities of meaning' is reconstructed by solving an 'inverse problem' in the
quantum formalism, consisting of reconstructing the full states of the entities
of meaning from their collapsed states identified as traces in relevant
documents. The advantages with respect to traditional approaches, such as
Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), are discussed by means of concrete examples.Comment: 11 page
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