The Flow and Pressure Relationships in Different Tubes Commonly Used for Semi-occluded Vocal Tract Exercises

This experimental study investigated the back pressure (pback) versus flow (U) relationship for 10 different tubes commonly used for semi-occluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTE), i.e., 8 straws of different lengths and diameters, a resonance tube and a silicone tube similar to a Lax Vox tube. All tubes were assessed with the free end in air. The resonance tube and silicone tube were further assessed with the free end under water at the depths from 1 to 7 cm in steps of 1 cm. The results showed that relative changes in the diameter of straws affect pback considerably more compared to the same amount of relative change in length. Additionally, once tubes are submerged into water, pback needs to overcome the pressure generated by the water depth before flow can start. Under this condition, only a small increase in pback was observed as the flow was increased. Therefore, the wider tubes submerged into water produced an almost constant pback determined by the water depth, while the thinner straws in air produced relatively large changes to pback as flow was changed. These differences may be taken advantage of when customizing exercises for different users and diagnoses and optimizing the therapy outcome

Logopedi

Logopedi definieras som läran om språk-, röst- och talstörningar och deras behandling. Detta är den första heltäckande läroboken i logopedi på svenska och består av 40 kapitel av 44 olika författare. I en introducerande del beskrivs funktion och utveckling med anknytning till de fyra logopediska huvudområdena röst, språk, tal och sväljning. Därefter beskrivs karakteristik, diagnostik och intervention vid språkstörningar, röststörningar och talstörningar hos barn, ungdomar och vuxna. Vidare behandlas alternativ och kompletterande kommunikation samt sväljningsstörningar. Boken avslutas med en del som beskriver logopedi ur ett historiskt perspektiv, i nutid och med utblickar mot framtiden. Boken är avsedd för studerande på logopedprogrammen. Den vänder sig även till verksamma logopeder i Sverige och övriga Norden. Boken kan också tjäna som uppslagsverk för personer med intresse för logopedi från andra discipliner inom såväl sjukvården som universitetsvärlden och kanske också för den intresserade allmänheten

Resonance tube phonation in water – the effect of tube diameter and water depth on back pressure and bubble characteristics at different airflows

Objectives: Resonance tube phonation with tube end in water is a voice therapy method in which the patient phonates through a glass tube, keeping the free end of the tube submerged in water, creating bubbles. The purpose of this experimental study was to determine flow-pressure relationship, flow thresholds between bubble types, and bubble frequency as a function of flow and back volume. Methods: A flow-driven vocal tract simulator was used for recording the back pressure produced by resonance tubes with inner diameters of 8 and 9 mm submerged at water depths of 0–7 cm. Visual inspection of bubble types through video recording was also performed. Results: The static back pressure was largely determined by the water depth. The narrower tube provided a slightly higher back pressure for a given flow and depth. The amplitude of the pressure oscillations increased with flow and depth. Depending on flow, the bubbles were emitted from the tube in three distinct types with increasing flow: one by one, pairwise, and in a chaotic manner. The bubble frequency was slightly higher for the narrower tube. An increase in back volume led to a decrease in bubble frequency. Conclusions: This study provides data on the physical properties of resonance tube phonation with the tube end in water. This information will be useful in future research when looking into the possible effects of this type of voice training