12 research outputs found
USDA Stakeholder Workshop on Animal Bioinformatics: Summary and Recommendations
An electronic workshop was conducted on 4 November–13 December 2002 to discuss current issues and needs in animal bioinformatics. The electronic (e-mail listserver)
format was chosen to provide a relatively speedy process that is broad in scope,
cost-efficient and easily accessible to all participants. Approximately 40 panelists
with diverse species and discipline expertise communicated through the panel e-mail
listserver. The panel included scientists from academia, industry and government, in
the USA, Australia and the UK. A second ‘stakeholder’ e-mail listserver was used to
obtain input from a broad audience with general interests in animal genomics. The
objectives of the electronic workshop were: (a) to define priorities for animal genome
database development; and (b) to recommend ways in which the USDA could provide
leadership in the area of animal genome database development. E-mail messages
from panelists and stakeholders are archived at http://genome.cvm.umn.edu/bioinfo/.
Priorities defined for animal genome database development included: (a) data
repository; (b) tools for genome analysis; (c) annotation; (d) practical application of
genomic data; and (e) a biological framework for DNA sequence. A stable source of
funding, such as the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), was recommended
to support maintenance of data repositories and data curation. Continued support
for competitive grants programs within the USDA Cooperative State Research,
Education and Extension Service (CSREES) was recommended for tool development
and hypothesis-driven research projects in genome analysis. Additional stakeholder
input will be required to continuously refine priorities and maximize the use of limited
resources for animal bioinformatics within the USDA
ASAS celebrates 10 years of publishing Animal Frontiers: The Review Magazine of Animal Agriculture
In July 2011, the first issue of Animal Frontiers was published by an international consortium including the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), the Canadian Society of Animal Science (CSAS), and the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP). Development of an international, science-based, open access journal that provided review articles and global perspectives on the complex dynamics associated with the production of animal-sourced foods was an accomplishment in and of itself, but the ability to meet the needs of a diverse community of readers, including scientists, policy makers, educators, and the general public set Animal Frontiers apart from other journals. In 2012, the American Meat Science Society (AMSA) joined the consortium and added a valuable perspective regarding muscle-based meat products and the meat science industry. To keep the journal going (and growing) and maintaining its primary objectives across three publishers, three editors-in-chief, and an increasing number of competing journals, including numerous predatory journals, adds another level of success to the 10-year history of Animal Frontiers
Transcriptional repression of the glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit gene by androgen may involve direct binding of androgen receptor to the proximal promoter.
Testicular androgens suppress the synthesis and secretion of the pituitary gonadotropins, in particular, luteinizing hormone. This suppressive effect includes transcription of both the common a subunit gene and the unique β subunit genes. Herein, we demonstrate that 1600 base pairs (bp) of proximal 5'-flanking region derived from the human α subunit gene and a shorter 315-bp segment of the bovine α subunit gene confer negative regulation by androgen to the gene encoding bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in transgenic mice.Testicular androgens suppress the synthesis and secretion of the pituitary gonadotropins, in particular, luteinizing hormone. This suppressive effect includes transcription of both the common a subunit gene and the unique β subunit genes. Herein, we demonstrate that 1600 base pairs (bp) of proximal 5'-flanking region derived from the human α subunit gene and a shorter 315-bp segment of the bovine α subunit gene confer negative regulation by androgen to the gene encoding bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in transgenic mice
Genome-wide survey of SNP variation uncovers the genetic structure of cattle breeds
status: publishe
Farm animals are important biomedical models
This issue of Animal Frontiers, “Farm animals are im- portant biomedical models,” describes several examples in which cattle, sheep, pigs, or chickens provide an excellent physiological model for studies related to human health or disease (Figure 1). While previous reports have discussed the use of domestic animals as dual-purpose models that benefit agricultural and biomedical research (Ireland et al., 2008), this issue of Animal Frontiers provides additional and novel examples of the value of farm animals for biomedical re- search. Because farm animals are larger in size than labora- tory species, scientists are able to collect larger volumes and more frequent samples of blood without significant changes in blood chemistry or substantive changes in blood volume as well as larger or more frequent tissue biopsies, thereby al- lowing the study of changes in hormones, metabolites, im- mune factors, or cellular components in the same animal over time. Many of these studies revealed that the physiology of humans is more closely related to the physiology of farm ani- mals than to rodents. Finally, the human genome sequence is more similar to the genome sequences of cattle and pigs compared with rodents (Humphray et al., 2007; Tellam et al., 2009); thus, cattle and pigs may be better models for many human genetic diseases
Farm animals are important biomedical models
This issue of Animal Frontiers, “Farm animals are im- portant biomedical models,” describes several examples in which cattle, sheep, pigs, or chickens provide an excellent physiological model for studies related to human health or disease (Figure 1). While previous reports have discussed the use of domestic animals as dual-purpose models that benefit agricultural and biomedical research (Ireland et al., 2008), this issue of Animal Frontiers provides additional and novel examples of the value of farm animals for biomedical re- search. Because farm animals are larger in size than labora- tory species, scientists are able to collect larger volumes and more frequent samples of blood without significant changes in blood chemistry or substantive changes in blood volume as well as larger or more frequent tissue biopsies, thereby al- lowing the study of changes in hormones, metabolites, im- mune factors, or cellular components in the same animal over time. Many of these studies revealed that the physiology of humans is more closely related to the physiology of farm ani- mals than to rodents. Finally, the human genome sequence is more similar to the genome sequences of cattle and pigs compared with rodents (Humphray et al., 2007; Tellam et al., 2009); thus, cattle and pigs may be better models for many human genetic diseases
ASAS celebrates 10 years of publishing Animal Frontiers: The Review Magazine of Animal Agriculture
In July 2011, the first issue of Animal Frontiers was published by an international consortium including the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), the Canadian Society of Animal Science (CSAS), and the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP). Development of an international, science-based, open access journal that provided review articles and global perspectives on the complex dynamics associated with the production of animal-sourced foods was an accomplishment in and of itself, but the ability to meet the needs of a diverse community of readers, including scientists, policy makers, educators, and the general public set Animal Frontiers apart from other journals. In 2012, the American Meat Science Society (AMSA) joined the consortium and added a valuable perspective regarding muscle-based meat products and the meat science industry. To keep the journal going (and growing) and maintaining its primary objectives across three publishers, three editors-in-chief, and an increasing number of competing journals, including numerous predatory journals, adds another level of success to the 10-year history of Animal Frontiers
Responsiveness of the Ovine Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene to Estradiol and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Is Not Detectable in Vitro But Is Revealed in Transgenic Mice*
The proximal 350 bp of 5′-flanking sequence of the human α-subunit glycoprotein hormone gene functions in the pituitary gland, but not the placenta, in transgenic mice
The genome sequence of taurine cattle: A window to ruminant biology and evolution
To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thu5 provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production