The impact of social approval and respect model criteria on social relations

Background: Social relations are a complex process and originate from the interaction of a person with the environment. People have an inherent need to establish social relations to have the approval and respect of the others. The current study was conducted to design a model of approval and respect in the social relations of the people of Quchan. Methods: The research philosophy was in the realm of pragmatism and the research method was mixed. Also, the research strategy in the qualitative part was foundational data theorizing, and in the quantitative part, the survey. To analyze the data of this research, in the qualitative part, MAXQDA software was used, and in the quantitative part, SPSS software (version 22) and PLS software were used. Results: The results obtained from the analysis of qualitative data show that the model of approval and respect in the social relations of the people of Quchan includes 19 open codes, of which 5 codes are related to the category of causal factors, 2 codes are related to the central category, 2 codes related to the strategy category, 4 codes related to the consequences category, 3 codes related to the context category, and 3 codes related to the intervention category. Also, in the quantitative part, the results of the data showed that the mentioned model has the required validity. Conclusion: It can be concluded that social relations imply desirable learned behaviors that enable people to have effective relationships with others and avoid unreasonable social reactions

Maximum Torque per Ampere Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Genetic Algorithm

 Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives have many advantages over other drives, i.e. high efficiency and high power density. Particularly, PMSMs are epoch-making and are intensively studied among researchers, scientists and engineers. This paper deals with a novel high performance controller based on genetic algorithm. The scheme allows the motor to be driven with maximum torque per ampere characteristic. In this paper assuming an appropriate fitness function, the optimum values for d-axis current of motor set points at each time are found and then applied to the controller. Simulation results show the successful operation of the proposed controller

The role of X-ray imaging and musculoskeletal ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by symmetric joint inflammation that often involves the small joints of the hands and feet, with progressive destruction, deformity, and disability of the joints. Small joints of the hands and feet are frequently the first to be involved in RA, which is why methods for assessment of these joints are of particular importance at the onset of RA and early stage of the disease. The results of this thesis have highlighted the role of conventional radiography, Digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) and musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in the diagnosis and management of RA. Paper I is based on the study about clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with early RA who responded well to initial Methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy. Most early RA patients who achieved low disease activity after 3 – 4 months of MTX monotherapy continued to have low disease activity during 2 years follow-up. However, marked radiographic progression occurred in a proportion of patients, even despite sustained DAS28 remission. Paper II aimed to evaluate whether a significant decrease of cortical bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DXR during the first year of RA correlated with radiographic progression after 2 years. The results indicated that patients with significant decrease of DXR-BMD had significantly greater risk for radiographicprogression, compared with patients without. Evaluation of RA patients with significant decrease in DXR-BMD during the first year of the disease helps to identify patients with higher risk for radiographic progression later in the disease course. However, future studies should investigate whether decrease in DXR-BMD during the first 3 or 6 months of the disease could indicate the same results. Paper III is based on a study about clinical predictors at the time of RA diagnosis for rapid radiographic progression (increase>5 units according to the Sharp score modified by van der Heijde after one year). The results from paper III indicated that baseline erosions, level of acute phase reactant and current smoking status were independent predictors for radiographic progression after 1 year. These results remained after further adjustment for treatment strategy. Three dimensional risk matrix including current smoking status, erosions and C-reactive protein showed a 12–63% risk gradient from patients carrying none compared with all predictors. Paper IV aimed to assess the utility of MSUS in patients with suspected inflammatory arthritis, using a probabilistic approach. In this study, the proportion of patients with maximal diagnostic certainty for inflammatory arthritis was increased significantly after performing MSUS. The similar significant increase was also observed for diagnostic certainty of RA. The findings from MSUS agreed with the final diagnosis in more than 95% of patients

Massive gravity solution of Black Holes and Entropy Bounds

The dRGT massive gravity represent a comprehensive theory which properly describes massive graviton field. Latterly, the exact spherical solutions are identified for the black hole in the dRGT massive gravity theory. In this paper, we derive Bousso's D-bound entropy for the black hole solutions of dRGT massive gravity. By an entropic consideration which provides a criterion, it is demonstrated that the relation between the D-bound and Bekenstein entropy bound imposes some constraints on the structure parameters of black hole solutions in dRGT massive gravity.Comment: 17 page

An Investigation into the Role of Nano-Silica in Improving Strength of Lightweight Concrete

Development of technology and human’s access to nanotechnology brings about the necessity to use nanotechnology in the concrete industry. Since the decrease of particles size leads to new properties, and unusual mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties which are inaccessible in usual state, nanotechnology is highly considered. The emergence of nanotechnology in concrete industry has made great changes in many of the concrete properties. Dead load resulted from weight of ceilings and separation walls is one of the fundamental problems in seismic design and structures implementation especially in tall buildings. Obviously, using the lightweight materials could decrease the dead load, weight of beams, columns, and foundation. However, low compressive resistance of lightweight concrete mostly has a direct ratio with the specific gravity of it. Lightweight concrete has a low resistance as a result of its low specific weight. Silica nanoparticles (SNs) have a high surface energy as a result of their high specific surface.  Therefore, they are supposed to have a high pozzolanic reaction and they accelerate hydration reactions. Since the increase of concrete compressive strength is highly noticeable in the new technology, the increase of effective materials with the purpose of increasing compressive strength of concrete could increase the life circle of concrete structures. The present paper intends to investigate the effect of silica nanoparticles on compressive strength, tensile strength, bending strength, contraction of lightweight concrete, and concrete microstructure

Genetic characterization of Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) populations in Tigris Basin, Iran using microsatellite markers

The isolation-by-distance theory states that the genetic differentiation between individuals raised by increasing geographic distance. Therefore, this study tested this hypothesis for Garra rufa, a freshwater fish species of Iranian inland waters, from six rivers located at the different distances in Tirgis basin. For this purpose, eight variable microsatellite loci were applied to identify geographic-based population structure of G. rufa. From 240 fish of six populations, 102 alleles were found with a mean number of 11.625 to 13.250 alleles. Heterozygosity was ranged 0.567-0.638 in six studied populations. Moreover, a significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg were found in the studied populations. Unweight pair group analysis indicated that the six studied populations could be divided into four major clusters. The results revealed a fairly high level of genetic variation in the microsatellite loci within six studied populations. Wright’s fixation index (Fst) ranged between 0.013-0.044 indicating little genetic differentiation between populations. Within this range, however, we found a strong positive relation between Fst and geographical distance lending support to the isolation-by-distance theory

The Effect of Preparation Method on the Activity of Bimetallic Ni-Fe Catalyst in Dry Reforming of Methane

This paper investigates the effects of Fe/Ni ratio (0.5-2) and polyvinyl alcohol to total metal ratio (PVA/ (Ni + Fe) =0.5-1.5) on the performance of bimetallic(Ni-Fe) catalyst in dry reforming of methane. The activity, stability and H2/CO ratio of the catalysts are tested. The effects of both metal ratio and shell factor on the catalyst performance have been studied. The nickel-ferrite catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method. Shell factor is employed for controlling the size of the particles. The samples were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, and TGA. The catalysts were tested at 800˚C in the microreactor with a feed ratio of CH4/CO2=1/1. The catalyst prepared with Fe/Ni=2 and PVA/ (Ni + Fe) = 0.5 ratio shows the best activity, and stability with 30 h time on stream. It can be attributed to NiFe2O4 as only available phase after calcination and smaller crystal size at the optimum values of Fe/Ni and PVA/ (Ni + Fe) ratio

Report of the clinical features of patients with leptospirosis in Golestan, Iran, 2011-2015: Based on information available at the provincial health center

BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a global distribution that is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of Leptospira. It has a global spread, but it is more common in warm and tropical regions. In developing countries such as Iran, it is considered as a work-related illness and occurs mostly in farmers, ranchers, slaughterhouse workers, butchers, and fishermen in the warm seasons of the year. The aim of this study was to report the information available at the provincial health center about the clinical features of patients with leptospirosis in Golestan province, Iran, from 2011 to 2015.METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study surveyed all patients with leptospirosis in Golestan provincial health center from 2011 to 2015. All information was collected by a self-designed checklist that its reliability was approved by three infectious specialists. In case of defective files, patients were contacted. The collected data were analyzed by an epidemiologist via SPSS software.RESULTS: In this study, during the years of 2011 to 2015, 75 cases of leptospirosis were recorded. 50 cases (66.6%) were men and 25 (33.3%) were women. The most common complaint of patients at referral was fever (70 cases, 93.33%). The most complained problem after fever (93.33%) was musculoskeletal pain and jaundice reported 57.33% and 54.66%, respectively.CONCLUSION: It is important to pay attention to this disease in farmers and villagers, especially in agricultural seasons. Due to the high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of leptospirosis, early diagnosis based on common symptoms is important. Healthcare centers in each area are required to recognize common diseases to reduce irreversible complications