Synthesis and Characterization of Phenolic Lipids

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) from fish oils promote well-established health and antiaging benefits that justify their use as functional ingredients in dietary supplements, healthy foods, and nutraceutical products. Dietary supply is needed because human metabolism exhibits limited to synthesize ω3 PUFAs. However, the practical use of such lipids as food ingredients is often limited due to their high susceptibility to oxidation, which is responsible for the undesirable off-flavor and odor of rancid oils, associated with the loss of nutritional value. Produced phenolic lipids were a good solution for all these problems. These phenolic lipids are preferentially produced by enzymatic bioprocesses that exhibit high selectivity toward polyfunctional substrates and mild reaction conditions compared with chemical synthesis pathways. This chapter presents the acylation of phenolic compounds and lipids using enzyme under various operating conditions. In conclusion, the acylation of lipids with natural phenolic compounds resulted in the formation of a lipophilic ester that should be able to stabilize the oil, fats, and emulsions against oxidation. Acylation of lipids to phenolic compounds that have antioxidant properties thus protects the lipids from oxidation, and the phenolic lipid derivatives carry the combined health beneficial properties of lipids and the phenolic molecules

Utilization of Batteries in The Momentary Load Variations of a Cruise Ship

The shipping and cruising industry is considered one of the most important and cheapest transportation, however, it is considered responsible for almost 2.89% of global emissions in 2018. Due to the new regulations provided by IMO, the need to reduce fuel consumption and emissions from the shipping industry becomes imperative. Several technologies have been applied to achieve those challenges, but the main focus of this thesis will be on the utilization of batteries as one of the most promising energy storage technologies, to handle the load variation rather than the operation of the auxiliary diesel engines at an economical loading range. In cruise ship applications, the auxiliary diesel engines are utilized to supply the power required for the auxiliary loads and thruster motors, usually, thruster motors operate close to harbors. So, to ensure power availability, the auxiliary diesel engines usually run at low loading levels. The optimum operating point for the diesel engines is at 80% of loading, if that percentage decreases, both fuel consumption, and NOx emissions increased exponentially, moreover, the engine’s lifetime will be reduced and more maintenance will be required. By utilizing batteries, it will be capable of providing the required power for the operation of thruster motors or during peak loading periods rather than the operation of all available auxiliary diesel engines at low loading levels. The presented study focused on four different scenarios with different battery-pack sizes, showing the space required for each scenario and the operating profile of each diesel engine indicating the fuel consumption with and without the presence of batteries. The first scenario utilized a 940-kWh battery pack, which increased the efficiency of the running engines close to the optimum operating level. The last scenario utilized a 3240-kWh battery pack, which enables the shutdown of the auxiliary engines during the operation of thruster motors or peak loading. By using the large battery model scenario, half the number of diesel engines will not be required in the future new builds of a cruise ship. This will not only improve the fuel consumption efficiency and reduce emissions, moreover, the maintenance and overall build cost will also be reduced. Technical and economic analysis is presented showing the payback period of the batteries with different fuel and battery price options. The payback period is highly affected by the saving associated with fuel costs and the price of batteries

Improving collaborative filtering using lexicon-based sentiment analysis

Since data is available increasingly on the Internet, efforts are needed to develop and improve recommender systems to produce a list of possible favorite items. In this paper, we expand our work to enhance the accuracy of Arabic collaborative filtering by applying sentiment analysis to user reviews, we also addressed major problems of the current work by applying effective techniques to handle the scalability and sparsity problems. The proposed approach consists of two phases: the sentiment analysis and the recommendation phase. The sentiment analysis phase estimates sentiment scores using a special lexicon for the Arabic dataset. The item-based and singular value decomposition-based collaborative filtering are used in the second phase. Overall, our proposed approach improves the experiments’ results by reducing average of mean absolute and root mean squared errors using a large Arabic dataset consisting of 63,000 book reviews

A randomized trial of brief treatment of earlystage Hodgkin lymphoma: Is it effective?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESWhether it is possible to reduce the intensity of treatment in early (stage I or II) Hodgkin lymphoma with a favorable prognosis remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this randomized trial, comparing two treatment groups consisting of a combination chemotherapy regimen of two different intensities followed by involved-field radiation therapy at two different dose levels.DESIGN AND SETTINGProspective, randomized, in patients referred to the Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine.PATIENTS AND METHODSNinety-eight patients with histologically proven early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma with a favorable prognosis were enrolled in this study between January 2008 and June 2010. They were randomly assigned in one of two treatment arms: arm I received four cycles of ABVD (Adriamycin, belomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) followed by 30Gy of involved-field radiation therapy; arm II received two cycles of ABVD followed by 20Gy of involved-field radiation therapy.RESULTSDuring the follow-up period, the 2-year relapse free survival rates were 96% and 95% in arm I and arm II, respectively(P=.8), while the 2-year overall survival rates were 98% and 95% in arm I and arm II, respectively (P=.16). Acute toxicity affected 54% of patients treated with four cycles of ABVD, who had grade III or IV toxicity, as compared with 30% of those receiving two cycles (P<.02). The rates of acute toxicity (grade III or IV) were also higher among patients treated with 30Gy of involved-field radiation therapy than among those receiving 20Gy (16% vs. 2.5%, P<.03).CONCLUSIONIn patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma and a favorable prognosis, treatment with two cycles of ABVD followed by 20Gy of involved-field radiation therapy was as effective as, and less toxic than, four cycles of ABVD followed by 30Gy of involved-field radiation therapy

Arabic open information extraction system using dependency parsing

Arabic is a Semitic language and one of the most natural languages distinguished by the richness in morphological enunciation and derivation. This special and complex nature makes extracting information from the Arabic language difficult and always needs improvement. Open information extraction systems (OIE) have been emerged and used in different languages, especially in English. However, it has almost not been used for the Arabic language. Accordingly, this paper aims to introduce an OIE system that extracts the relation tuple from Arabic web text, exploiting Arabic dependency parsing and thinking carefully about all possible text relations. Based on clause types' propositions as extractable relations and constituents' grammatical functions, the identities of corresponding clause types are established. The proposed system named Arabic open information extraction(AOIE) can extract highly scalable Arabic text relations while being domain independent. Implementing the proposed system handles the problem using supervised strategies while the system relies on unsupervised extraction strategies. Also, the system has been implemented in several domains to avoid information extraction in a specific field. The results prove that the system achieves high efficiency in extracting clauses from large amounts of text

Hiding data in images using steganography techniques with compression algorithms

Steganography is the science and art of secret communication between two sides that attempt to hide the content of the message. It is the science of embedding information into the cover image without causing a loss in the cover image after embedding.Steganography is the art and technology of writing hidden messages in such a manner that no person, apart from the sender and supposed recipient, suspects the lifestyles of the message. It is gaining huge attention these days as it does now not attract attention to its information's existence. In this paper, a comparison of two different techniques is given. The first technique used Least Significant Bit (LSB) with no encryption and no compression. In the second technique, the secret message is encrypted first then LSB technique is applied. Moreover, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is used to transform the image into the frequency domain. The LSB algorithm is implemented in spatial domain in which the payload bits are inserted into the least significant bits of cover image to develop the stego-image while DCT algorithm is implemented in frequency domain in which the stego-image is transformed from spatial domain to the frequency domain and the payload bits are inserted into the frequency components of the cover image.The performance of these two techniques is evaluated on the basis of the parameters MSE and PSNR