Code-switching between Cairene mothers and their children in public: A study in language attitudes

This study investigates the reasons causing a rising number of Cairene mothers to code-switch into English when they speak to their children in public. Further exploration of the mothers’ attitude towards their children’s nascent bilingualism is pursued along with an attempt to identify the mothers’ perspectives on the phenomenon in question when manifested by other parents in their community. To this end, the researcher implemented a mixed methodological approach for data collection starting with a snowball sampling strategy for distribution of a questionnaire, and culminating with a number of follow-up semi-structured interviews of a selected group from the questionnaire participants. Ninety-two participants completed the questionnaire, and eight of them participated in a follow-up interview. Findings of this study show the most prominent reason causing the language behavior of code-switching to spread among Cairene mothers is an attempt to scaffold the child’s linguistic aptitude to prepare them for school. Furthermore, mothers associate fluency in English with a better socio-economic future for their children which justifies their use of English to promote their children’s early bilingualism. However, many of the mothers, despite engaging in this linguistic behavior themselves, have a tendency to perceive the act of code-switching into English in public as intentional to reflect social prestige. The perspectives and attitudes are highly affected by the speakers’ accent, pronunciation, the length of the utterance spoken in English and the context of occurrence. Perspectives are negative when the speakers’ accent and pronunciation are flawed, when the conversation is fully conducted in English or when the context does not require the use of a foreign language

Comparative study for material removal rate, surface finish and electrode wear rate on die sinking edm

The electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of non conventional machining process where the erosion of the work piece take place based on the the1mal energy between the electrode and the work piece. Two different work piece materials were machined using die sinking EDM to study the characteristics of each material using copper electrode. Two different work piece materials were used, aluminum and copper and the dimension for each is 100 mm length, 50mm width and 6mm thick. The Sodick CNC EDM die sink will be used as the main equipment in this project. To get the best result, the selections of parameters play a main role in producing good surface finish quality, high removal rate (MRR) and less electrode wear ratio (EWR). High electtode wear ratio (EWR) and the lower material removal rate is some of the problems in EDM machine that will decrease machining productivity. There are four different pulse cunent that will be tested (8 , 12, 16 and 20 ampere) with four pulse on time in micro second (50, 100, 150, and 200) and the reference voltage and pulse on time are kept constant 22 Volt. There are sixteen engrave will be formed in each sample. Dielectric fluid is used is kerosene and the polarity or machining type is positive. At the end of this study the optimal performance parameters will be defined and determining which mate1ial gives highest mate1ial removal rate, less surface finish as well as the conditions that give less tool wear rate (TWR). The result obtained indicating that the material removal rate MRR and TWR are increased with the increase of cun-ent. This is because the higher cun-ent means higher and stronger spark that generates or melt more material from the work piece. The result shows that pulse duration has a little effect on the MRR. But regarding the tool wear ration TWR the results show a decrease of the TWR along with the increase of pulse duration this is because of the presence of carbon layer that precipitated on the surface of the electrode and the thickness of this layer increased with the increase of pulse duration and in tum decrease the TWR. Regarding the comparative study, the result showed that aluminum has higher MRR compared with copper, this is due to the fact that aluminum has lower melting point compared with copper. And regarding the TWR, the results showed that the copper has little amount of tool wear when machined using copper electrode, this is because the copper has higher thennal conductivity compared to aluminum who has higher TWR when machined using same copper electrode. The higher the1mal conductivity means more the1mal energy this work piece can can-y and also means more facilitating the the1mal energy will be diffused which maintain the tool wear

Decontamination of Cu2+ - Tainted Water through Biosorption onto Palm Tree Leaf Particles

In this study, the potential use of Palm Tree Leaf (PTL) particles for the removal of copper ions from aqueous solution was investigated. The effects of shaking time, Cu2+ concentration and equilibrium pH on the biosorption of copper ions from aqueous solution were studied. Batch biosorption experiments proved the technical feasibility of using PTL particles to remove copper ions from aqueous solutions, where Cu2+ uptake of 17.6 mg/g was observed. The biosorption of copper on PTL particles was pH dependent and maximum copper sorption was found to occur at an equilibrium pH of 5.5. The equilibrium sorption data of copper on PTL particles was described by 2 two-parameter isotherm models: the Freundlich and the Langmuir models, as well as by the three-parameter Redlich-Peterson model. While all three models proved a good fit for the equilibrium sorption data, CFEF non-linear regression analysis indicated that the Redlich-Peterson model resulted in the best fit. Dynamic studies revealed that the initial uptake of copper on PTL particles was rapid, where equilibrium was established within 15 minutes and that the data followed the pseudo second-order reaction

The Role of the Holonic Manufacturing System in Achieving Product Quality: an Exploratory Study in the General Company for the Automotive Industry of Alexandria

Purpose: The aim of this study is deals with the methods that preserve the natural products and offer them at a cost while maintaining the quality of the products, which leads to the company’s production of profits.   Theoretical framework: This aspect has been prepared by referring to sources and references specialized in production management and total quality management, such as books, theses, theses, research and studies, including what is available in the library and others from the international information network, the Internet.   Methodology: The project was implemented in the implementation of a set of computer programs: (SPSS V25) / (Amos V25) / (Microsoft Excel 2010). The systematic literature review was built from the content analysis of papers from the Web of Science and Scopus database. The papers were analyzed from descriptive.   Findings: The results of the research bear the thinking of the departments about the most important element of production, represented by the labor force, as the success of the administrative teams Which represents the basic idea of ​​the component (Holon employees).   Research, Practical & Social implications: The study is the departments must adopt scientific and systematic mechanisms and methods in consolidating the culture of modern systems and adopting them according to what is scientific, even in preliminary and steps simplified.   Originality/value: A model was proposed to clarify the relationship between holographic manufacturing requirements and product quality through the use of statistical methods such as the Pearson correlation coefficient and the regression coefficient to clarify the correlation and effect relationship between these two variables

Zero-touch realization of Pervasive Artificial Intelligence-as-a-service in 6G networks

The vision of the upcoming 6G technologies, characterized by ultra-dense network, low latency, and fast data rate is to support Pervasive AI (PAI) using zero-touch solutions enabling self-X (e.g., self-configuration, self-monitoring, and self-healing) services. However, the research on 6G is still in its infancy, and only the first steps have been taken to conceptualize its design, investigate its implementation, and plan for use cases. Toward this end, academia and industry communities have gradually shifted from theoretical studies of AI distribution to real-world deployment and standardization. Still, designing an end-to-end framework that systematizes the AI distribution by allowing easier access to the service using a third-party application assisted by a zero-touch service provisioning has not been well explored. In this context, we introduce a novel platform architecture to deploy a zero-touch PAI-as-a-Service (PAIaaS) in 6G networks supported by a blockchain-based smart system. This platform aims to standardize the pervasive AI at all levels of the architecture and unify the interfaces in order to facilitate the service deployment across application and infrastructure domains, relieve the users worries about cost, security, and resource allocation, and at the same time, respect the 6G stringent performance requirements. As a proof of concept, we present a Federated Learning-as-a-service use case where we evaluate the ability of our proposed system to self-optimize and self-adapt to the dynamics of 6G networks in addition to minimizing the users' perceived costs.Comment: IEEE Communications Magazin

Fast image deconvolution for enhancement of the resolution in the video rate terahertz imaging

International audienceA fast image deconvolution algorithm is used to demonstrate the resolution enhancement of video rate camera acquired Terahertz images. Our algorithm is based on variable splitting technique with the use of a family of sparsity inducing regularizers for the first time in an image deconvolution application, it is also suitable for practical applications in industry with computationally constrained conditions. The results of the proposed process provide substantial enhancement on the quality and resolution of THz images

An investigation of air-gas mixer types designed for dual fuel engines: review

Diesel engines produce high emissions of smoke, particulate matter and nitrogen oxide. The challenge today is to reduce exhaust emissions without making any major modifications on engine. Therefore, adding alternative fuel will be the best practical pick to improve the performance and cut down emissions from diesel engines. The air fuel mixer plays an important role to convert diesel engine to work with dual fuel mode (alternative fuel-diesel) without any change in engine. One problem of gaseous mixers is the disability to prepare a homogeneous air-fuel mixture at a specific air-fuel ratio before entering the engine, thereby leading to high brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. This study offers an overview of air fuel mixer types. According to, overview in the dual-fuel engines, the combustion efficiency, engine performance and the emission reduction of gases are directly proportional to the degree of homogeneous mixing and air fuel ratio, all that depend on the design of mixer (size, shape, number of holes) and control mechanism that control on the mixer

MHD natural convection nanofluid flow in a heat exchanger: effects of brownian motion and thermophoresis for nanoparticles distribution

The free convection of Cu-water nanofluid is simulated and investigated inside a square heat exchanger chamber in the presence of MHD magnetic field. The Buongiorno model with the effects of Brownian and thermophoresis motion is considered to nanoparticles distribution inside the chamber. The geometry consists of a square chamber with two cylinders on the right and left sides as heater and cooler in order to create the buoyancy force, respectively. These cylinders represent hot and cold pipes, and the walls of the chamber are heat and mass insulation. the FVM with SIMPLE algorithm are used for velocity and pressure coupling. In current two-phase simulation, the effects of Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, inclination angle of chamber and volume fraction on streamline contours, isothermal lines, Lorentz force lines, nanoparticle distribution and Nusselt number are investigated. By modeling the motion of nanoparticles and evaluating it, a nanoparticle transport zone was observed. The diffusion effects of thermophoresis were significant in this zone. The nanoparticles were thrown from the hot cylinder to the cold cylinder. The application of a magnetic field enlarged the nanoparticle transport zone. However, increasing the Rayleigh number and decreasing the inclination angle of the enclosure caused the nanoparticles to disperse evenly

Cardiovascular risk factors and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia in Somalia

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a potentially life-threatening illness with no established treatment. Cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) exacerbate COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the prevalence of CRF and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Somalia. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients aged 18 years or older with a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized at the De Martino Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia, between March and July 2020. Results: We enrolled 230 participants; 159 (69.1%) males, median age was 56 (41–66) years. In-hospital mortality was 19.6% (n = 45); 77.8% in the intensive care unit (ICU) compared with 22.2%, in the general wards (p < 0.001). Age ⩾ 40 years [odds ratio (OR): 3.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–10.6, p = 0.020], chronic heart disease (OR: 9.3, 95% CI: 2.2–38.9, p = 0.002), and diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.6–6.2, p < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of mortality. Forty-three (18.7%) participants required ICU admission. Age ⩾ 40 years (OR: 7.5, 95% CI: 1.7–32.1, p = 0.007), diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.6–6.3, p < 0.001), and hypertension (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2–5.2, p = 0.014) were associated with ICU admission. For every additional CRF, the odds of admission into the ICU increased threefold (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2–5.2, p < 0.001), while the odds of dying increased twofold (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3–3.2, p < 0.001). Conclusions: We report a very high prevalence of CRF among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Somalia. Mortality rates were unacceptably high, particularly among those with advanced age, underlying chronic heart disease, and diabetes