Mars: the interaction cross-section of positive and negative muons

The Durham spectrograph MARS, has "been used to study the electromagnetic interactions of cosmic ray muons in iron in the range 6 - 200 GeV. Single, electrons and electron bursts of various sizes from the knock-on, direct pair production and bremsstrahlung processes were observed. The possible asymmetry in the interaction of positive and negative muons as a function of muon energy and energy transfer was investigated. Also investigated was the absolute value of the interaction probability for single electrons and electron bursts of different sizes as a function of muon energy. Experimental burst spectra for burst sizes up to 80 particles were established and compared with prediction. The results on the interaction asymmetry suggest no asymmetry for single electron production and give an asymmetry value of 1.08 ± 0.055 for production of two or more secondaries. The results on the absolute values of the interaction probability are in good agreement with expectation. Thus, it is concluded that there is satisfactory agreement with theory

The electrification of newly formed clouds of water droplets

A survey of previous work on cloud droplet electrification was carried out. A cloud chamber was constructed and used to generate droplets of radius in the range 1-3 μm. The size and the charge of individual droplets were determined. Positive and negative droplets were observed. The average charge on the droplets was found to be about 5e. Also a photographic method was tried and discussed to determine the charge on the droplets

Marine Fuel Management Berbasis Android

Aplikasi MFM secara umum adalah sebuah aplikasi perhitungan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bahan bakar pada kapal tanker. Dalam hal ini aplikasi ini tidak hanya digunakan untuk menghitung bahan bakar pada kapal tanker tapi juga digunakan sebagai media ditujukkan untuk Perusahaan perkapalan. Perancangan dan pembangun perangkat lunak ini menggunakan sistem android dan metode waterfall . Aplikasi ini juga dibangun dengan menggunakan bahasa pemograman java dengan emulator eclipse juno. Hasil penelitian Perancangan dan Pembangun Perangkat Lunak ( Metode Waterfall) ini adalah alat media untuk menghitung pengguna volume bahan bakar yang setiap harinya terpakai pada kapal tanker dengan cara menjalankan smartphone Android dan untuk mengetahui jumlah tersisa volume bahan bakar pada kapal tanker tersebut

Wave reflection at a free interface in an anisotropic pyroelectric medium with nonclassical thermoelasticity

In this paper, the well-established two-dimensional mathematical model for linear pyroelectric materials is employed to investigate the reflection of waves at the boundary between a vacuum and an elastic, transversely isotropic, pyroelectric material. A comparative study between the solutions of (a) classical thermoelasticity, (b) Cattaneo–Lord–Shulman theory and (c) Green–Lindsay theory equations, characterised by none, one and two relaxation times, respectively, is presented. Suitable boundary conditions are considered in order to determine the reflection coefficients when incident elasto–electro–thermal waves impinge the free interface. It is established that, in the quasi-electrostatic approximation, three different classes of waves: (1) two principally elastic waves, namely a quasi-longitudinal Primary (qP) wave and a quasi-transverse Secondary (qS) wave; and (2) a mainly thermal (qT) wave. The observed electrical effects are, on the other hand, a direct consequence of mechanical and thermal phenomena due to pyroelectric coupling. The computed reflection coefficients of plane qP waves are found to depend upon the angle of incidence, the elastic, electric and thermal parameters of the medium, as well as the thermal relaxation times. The special cases of normal and grazing incidence are also derived and discussed. Finally, the reflection coefficients are computed for cadmium selenide observing the influence of (1) the anisotropy of the material, (2) the electrical potential and (3) temperature variations and (4) the thermal relaxation times on the reflection coefficients

Application of natural fibre composite in the aviation industry: a review

The evolution in aviation industry continues to evolve in this current era. The aviation industry is engaged in the research, development and manufacturing of flight vehicles. The critical item such as the propulsion systems, avionics system, operating and maintenance of flight vehicle are rigorously improved year by year. The interior components of aircraft are gaining serious attention in replacing the synthetic fibre with natural fibre composite material. The researchers conducted are mainly for civil, security and transportation. However, the focus on aircraft interior still immature and need further investigation. Therefore, this paper is reviewing the potential of natural fibre in the aviation industry

A Linguistic Study of Shop Signs in Salt, Jordan

Shop signs are seen as a reflection of the socio-cultural background of the place in which the shop is located. This paper studies the shop signs in Salt, Jordan because it is one of the most popular cities in the country and it has not yet been explored adequately. These shop sings are collected from two main streets in two different areas of Salt: Hamzih Prince Street and Al Hamam Street. A digital camera is used to capture the shop signs on these streets. In addition, the study examines the shop signs using both quantitative and qualitative measures. It focuses on the language choice, the arrangement of languages and the linguistic features of these signs, i.e. phonetic, morphological, semantic, and syntactic. In addition, it studies the pragmatic functions of these shop signs. The study concludes that Salt is a conservative and traditional county in Jordan

Pertumbuhan Tanaman Pulai Darat (Alstonia Angustiloba Miq.) Dari Empat Populasi Pada Umur Satu Tahun Di Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah

This experiment aims to identify the effects of population sources and parent trees on the growth of Alstonia angustiloba of one year old. This experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design. The research used two factors, i.e. population sources (Carita-Banten, Pendopo-Muara Enim, Lubuk Linggau-Musi Rawas and Solok-West Sumatera), and parent trees (43 parent trees). In this experiment, parent trees factor was nested in the population sources. The result showed that population sources and parent trees significantly affected the parameters measured, i.e. height and stem diameter. Pendopo and Carita were the best two populations in terms of height (1,612 m and 1,597 m, respectively) and stem diameter (2,567 cm and 2,686 cm, respectively). The best ten parent trees for height were parent trees number 13 (1.884 m), 16 (1.808 m), 17 (1.773 m), 8 (1.688 m), 6 (1.684 m), 15 (1.682 m), 20 (1.677 m), 36 (1.652 m), 18 (1.652 m) and 14 (1.630 m). The best ten of parent trees for stem diameter were parent trees number 16 (3.171 cm), 7 (3.116 cm), 13 (3.105 cm), 8 (3.027 cm), 36 (3.022 cm), 27 (2.974 cm), 15 (2.925 cm), 30 (2.787 cm), 6 (2.766 cm) and 18 (2.757 cm)