Notes from underground: Lisbon after the earthquake

The Lisbon earthquake of 1 November 1755 occupies a canonical place in eighteenth-century studies, yet surprisingly little attention has been paid to what the rebuilding of the city meant, both culturally and materially. This article looks at the reconstruction of Lisbon in terms of its political, religious and social meanings

Image analysis tools for the assessment of carbon anodes : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Manufacturing and Industrial Technology at Massey University

The energy efficiency and performance of an aluminium smelter depends critically on the quality and consistency of properties of the carbon electrodes that are consumed during the normal operation of the electrolytic cells or "pots". Unfortunately, although a small number of experts are able to assess anode quality by examining l0x images of samples, no objective method exists for making quality determinations. This thesis is about a project that has the goal of developing such an objective method. This thesis describes methods that have been developed for the characterization of the microstructure of carbon anodes. As a result of the process by which they are manufactured, carbon anodes contain pores or voids caused by out-gasing. In this continuing project we have concentrated on developing means for characterising the size and spatial distributions of these voids. Some of the methods used to characterise the spatial distribution include order neighbour analysis (a method used in geographical studies), and statistical texture analysis. These methods and the analysis described in this thesis are of general application

Tsunami: nature and culture

Tsunamis have caused widespread devastation to coastlines and vulnerable populations since antiquity. This book considers the history, science, literature art, mythology and meanings of tsunamis, from Plato's tale of Atlantis to the 2011 Japanese tsunami

Deposition of High Conductivity Low Silver Content Materials by Screen Printing

A comprehensive experimental investigation has been carried out into the role of film thickness variation and silver material formulation on printing capability in the screen printing process. A full factorial experiment was carried out where two formulations of silver materials were printed through a range of screens to a polyester substrate under a set of standard conditions. The materials represented a novel low silver content (45%–49%) polymer material and traditional high silver content (65%–69%) paste. The resultant prints were characterised topologically and electrically. The study shows that more cost effective use of the silver in the ink was obtained with the low silver polymer materials, but that the electrical performance was more strongly affected by the mesh being used (and hence film thickness). Thus, while optimum silver use could be obtained using materials with a lower silver content, this came with the consequence of reduced process robustness

Some notes on the Nile perch (Lates niloticus) in the role of predator in fish-farm ponds

During the course of work on the growth and breeding of the Nile Perch at Sagana in Kenya a number of observations were made on populations of Tilapia subject to predation by Nile Perch. This work touches upon a central problem in fish culture, viz., the control of rapidly expanding fish populations by predation where monosex culture or culture of non-breeding species is impractical. Tilapia ponds often present this problem which may be approached by considering stockreduction methods. The use of the Nile Perch in this stock-controlling role is further enhanced by virtue of its qualities as a high-priced table fish. The work on the Luwala Sugar Estate Dam near Jinja, and on the experimental dams at Sagana, suggest two distinct courses of events during stock-control experiments, depending on whether the Nile Perch breeds or not. In further experiments the impact of predation by Nile Perch, and also by Black Bass (Micropterus salmoides) over a short period, is detailed for a limited population of Tilapia nigra, and the sequence by which a suitable prey population is established and utilized is discussed

The sky in Edvard Munch's "The Scream"

“The Scream” is a well-known painting by Edvard Munch (1863–1944). The Norwegian word used by Munch was “Skrik,” which can be translated as “shriek” or “scream”. “The Scream” may be of interest to meteorologists because of the quite striking representation of the sky. It has been suggested that the dramatic red-colored sky was inspired by a volcanic sunset seen by Munch, after the Krakatau eruption in 1883, that it was inspired by a sighting of stratospheric nacreous clouds and also that it is part of the artist’s expression of a scream from nature. The evidence for the volcanic sunset theory and Munch’s psyche are briefly reviewed. We provide support that Munch’s inspiration may have been from a sighting of nacreous clouds, observable from southern Norway during the winter months. We show that the colors and patterns of the sky in Munch’s painting match the sunset colors better if nacreous clouds are present. Their sudden appearance around and after sunset creates an impressive and dramatic effect. By comparing the color content of photographs and paintings of regular sunsets, volcanic sunsets, and nacreous clouds after sunset, with the color content of the sky in “The Scream”, the match is better with nacreous clouds present. If this conjecture is correct then Munch’s sky in “The Scream” represents one of the earliest visual documentations of a nacreous cloud display

Barley foliage diseases, field pea diseases.

85BA22, 85MT31, 85N053, 85BA24, 85MT32, 85MT32, 85N052, 85N053, 85BA21, 85MT30, 85BA21, 85BA22, 85MT31, 85MT43, 85KA59, 85KA60, 85M29, 85MT44, 85E22, 85ES22, 85ES23, 85N051, 85BA25, 85WH27, 85C65, 85C69, 85C66, 85C67, 8SKA48, 8SMT34, 85KA47, 85MT33, 85M26, 85ME26, 85KA49, 85KA51. A.General Notes and Highlights BARLEY FOLIAGE DISEASES B. Scald: Screening fungicides c. Scald: Fungicidal control in Northam district D. Scald: Effect of seeding rate E. Scald & Mildew Effect of fungicides and rates F. Scald & Mildew Seed borne infection and seed dressing G. Scald & Mildew Effect of seed dressing and spraying H. Scald & Mildew Effect of Erex and Baytan I. Mildew: Cultivar x seed dressing J. Mildew: Comparing fungicides K. Mildew: Simulated Stubble mulching L. Mildew: Cultivar mixtures M. Net-Blotch: Seed borne infection and its control N. Net-Blotch: Screening fungicides O. Spot-type Net-Blotch Potential yield losses P. Spot-type Net-Blotch Effect of date of sowing Q. Spot-type Net-Blotch Simulated stubble mulching FIELD PEA DISEASES R. Black spot: Potential crop losses S. Black spot: Seed dressings T. Black spot: Monitoring Air borne infection U. Black spot: Screening for resistanc

A Study of the Abrasion of Squeegees Used in Screen Printing and Its Effect on Performance with Application in Printed Electronics

This article presents a novel method for accelerated wear of squeegees used in screen printing and describes the development of mechanical tests which allow more in-depth measurement of squeegee properties. In this study, squeegees were abraded on the screen press so that they could be used for subsequent print tests to evaluate the effect of wear on the printed product. Squeegee wear was found to vary between different squeegee types and caused increases in ink transfer and wider printed features. In production this will lead to greater ink consumption, cost per unit and a likelihood of product failure. This also has consequences for the production of functional layers, etc., used in the construction of printed electronics. While more wear generally gave greater increases in ink deposition, the effect of wear differed, depending on the squeegee. There was a correlation between the angle of the squeegee wear and ink film thickness from a worn squeegee. An ability to resist flexing gave a high wear angle and presented a sharper edge at the squeegee/screen interface thus mitigating the effect of wear. There was also a good correlation between resistance to flexing and ink film thickness for unworn squeegees, which was more effective than a comparison based on Shore A hardness. Squeegee indentation at different force levels gave more information than a standard Shore A hardness test and the apparatus used was able to reliably measure reductions in surface hardness due to solvent absorption. Increases in ink deposition gave lower resistance in printed silver lines; however, the correlation between the amount of ink deposited and the resistance, remained the same for all levels of wear, suggesting that the wear regime designed for this study did not induce detrimental print defects such as line breakages

Climate change and visual imagery

© 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.O'Neill, S. J. and Smith, N. (2014), Climate change and visual imagery. WIREs Clim Change, 5: 73–87. doi: 10.1002/wcc.249 The definitive version is available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcc.249/abstractMany actors—including scientists, journalists, artists, and campaigning organizations—create visualizations of climate change. In doing so, they evoke climate change in particular ways, and make the issue meaningful in everyday discourse. While a diversity of climate change imagery exists, particular types of climate imagery appear to have gained dominance, promoting particular ways of knowing about climate change (and marginalizing others). This imagery, and public engagement with this imagery, helps to shape the cultural politics of climate change in important ways. This article critically reviews the nascent research area of the visual representations of climate change, and public engagement with visual imagery. It synthesizes a diverse body of research to explore visual representations and engagement across the news media, NGO communications, advertising, and marketing, climate science, art, and virtual reality systems. The discussion brings together three themes which occur throughout the review: time, truth, and power. The article concludes by suggesting fruitful directions for future research in the visual communication of climate change.ESR