521 research outputs found
Quantized gravitational waves in the Milne universe
The quantization of gravitational waves in the Milne universe is discussed.
The relation between positive frequency functions of the gravitational waves in
the Milne universe and those in the Minkowski universe is clarified.
Implications to the one-bubble open inflation scenario are also discussed.Comment: 26 pages, 1 figure, revtex. submitted to Phys. Rev. D1
Long-term efficacy and safety of migalastat treatment in Fabry disease: 30-month results from the open-label extension of the randomized, phase 3 ATTRACT study
Results from the 18-month randomized treatment period of the phase 3 ATTRACT study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of oral migalastat compared with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in patients with Fabry disease who previously received ERT. Here, we report data from the subsequent 12-month, migalastat-only, open-label extension (OLE) period. ATTRACT (Study AT1001â012; NCT01218659) was a randomized, open-label, active-controlled study in patients aged 16â74 years with Fabry disease, an amenable GLA variant, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) â„30 mL/min/1.73 m2. During the OLE, patients who received migalastat 150 mg every other day (QOD) during the randomized period continued receiving migalastat (Group 1 [MM]); patients who received ERT every other week discontinued ERT and started migalastat treatment (Group 2 [EM]). Outcome measures included eGFR, left ventricular mass index (LVMi), composite clinical outcome (renal, cardiac or cerebrovascular events), and safety. Forty-six patients who completed the randomized treatment period continued into the OLE (Group 1 [MM], n = 31; Group 2 [EM], n = 15). eGFR remained stable in both treatment groups. LVMi decreased from baseline at month 30 in Group 1 (MM) in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy at baseline. Only 10% of patients experienced a new composite clinical event with migalastat treatment during the OLE. No new safety concerns were reported. In conclusion, in patients with Fabry disease and amenable GLA variants, migalastat 150 mg QOD was well tolerated and demonstrated durable, long-term stability of renal function and reduction in LVMi
Self Excitation of the Tunneling Scalar Field in False Vacuum Decay
A method to determine the quantum state of a scalar field after
-symmetric bubble nucleation has been developed recently. The method has
an advantage that it concisely gives us a clear picture of the resultant
quantum state. In particular, one may interpret the excitations as a particle
creation phenomenon just as in the case of particle creation in curved
spacetime. As an application, we investigate in detail the spectrum of quantum
excitations of the tunneling field when it undergoes false vacuum decay. We
consider a tunneling potential which is piece-wise quadratic, hence is simple
enough to allow us an analytical treatment. We find a strong dependence of the
excitation spectrum upon the shape of the potential on the true vacuum side. We
then discuss features of the excitation spectrum common to general tunneling
potentials not restricted to our simple model.Comment: 24 pages, uuencoded compressed postscript fil
Evolution of Second-Order Cosmological Perturbations and Non-Gaussianity
We present a second-order gauge-invariant formalism to study the evolution of
curvature perturbations in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe filled by
multiple interacting fluids. We apply such a general formalism to describe the
evolution of the second-order curvature perturbations in the standard
one-single field inflation, in the curvaton and in the inhomogeneous reheating
scenarios for the generation of the cosmological perturbations. Moreover, we
provide the exact expression for the second-order temperature anisotropies on
large scales, including second-order gravitational effects and extend the
well-known formula for the Sachs-Wolfe effect at linear order. Our findings
clarify what is the exact non-linearity parameter f_NL entering in the
determination of higher-order statistics such as the bispectrum of Cosmic
Microwave Background temperature anisotropies. Finally, we compute the level of
non-Gaussianity in each scenario for the creation of cosmological
perturbations.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX file. Further comments adde
Quantum fluctuations and CMB anisotropies in one-bubble open inflation models
We first develop a method to calculate a complete set of mode functions which
describe the quantum fluctuations generated in one-bubble open inflation
models. We consider two classes of models. One is a single scalar field model
proposed by Bucher, Goldhaber and Turok and by us as an example of the open
inflation scinario, and the other is a two-field model such as the
``supernatural'' inflation proposed by Linde and Mezhlumian. In both cases we
assume the difference in the vacuum energy density between inside and outside
the bubble is negligible. There are two kinds of mode functions. One kind has
usual continuous spectrum and the other has discrete spectrum with
characteristic wavelengths exceeding the spatial curvature scale. The latter
can be further devided into two classes in terms of its origin. One is called
the de Sitter super-curvature mode, which arises due to the global spacetime
structure of de Sitter space, and the other is due to fluctuations of the
bubble wall. We calculate the spectrum of quantum fluctuations in these models
and evaluate the resulting large angular scale CMB anisotropies. We find there
are ranges of model parameters that are consistent with observed CMB
anisotropies.Comment: 22 pages revtex file, 12 postscript figures, tarred, gzippe
Cosmological Perturbations with Multiple Fluids and Fields
We consider the evolution of perturbed cosmological spacetime with multiple
fluids and fields in Einstein gravity. Equations are presented in gauge-ready
forms, and are presented in various forms using the curvature (\Phi or
\phi_\chi) and isocurvature (S_{(ij)} or \delta \phi_{(ij)}) perturbation
variables in the general background with K and \Lambda. We clarify the
conditions for conserved curvature and isocurvature perturbations in the
large-scale limit. Evolutions of curvature perturbations in many different
gauge conditions are analysed extensively. In the multi-field system we present
a general solution to the linear order in slow-roll parameters.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, revised thoroughly; published version in Class.
Quant. Gra
Primordial Gravitational Waves From Open Inflation
We calculate the spectrum of gravitational waves generated during inflation
in open inflationary models. In such models an initial epoch of
old inflation solves the horizon and flatness problems, and during this first
epoch of inflation the quantum state of the graviton field rapidly approaches
the Bunch-Davies vacuum. Then old inflation ends by the nucleation of a single
bubble, inside of which there is a shortened epoch of slow-roll inflation
giving today. In this paper we re-express the Bunch-Davies vacuum
for the graviton field in terms of the hyperbolic modes inside the bubble and
propagate these modes forward in time into the present era. We derive the
expression for the contribution from these gravity waves to the cosmic
microwave background anisotropy including the effect of a finite energy
difference across the bubble wall.Comment: 40 pages, TEX with phyzzx macro, 5 figure
Cosmological perturbations from varying masses and couplings
We study the evolution of perturbations during the domination and decay of a
massive particle species whose mass and decay rate are allowed to depend on the
expectation value of a light scalar field. We specialize in the case where the
light field is slow-rolling, showing that during a phase of inhomogeneous
mass-domination and decay the isocurvature perturbation of the light field is
converted into a curvature perturbation with an efficiency which is nine times
larger than when the mass is fixed. We derive a condition on the annihilation
cross section and on the decay rate for the domination of the massive particles
and we show that standard model particles cannot dominate the universe before
nucleosynthesis. We also compare this mechanism with the curvaton model.
Finally, observational signatures are discussed. A cold dark matter
isocurvature mode can be generated if the dark matter is produced out of
equilibrium by both the inflaton and the massive particle species decay.
Non-Gaussianities are present: they are chi-square deviations. However, they
might be too small to be observable.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures, published versio
Exact Tunneling Solutions in Minkowski Spacetime and a Candidate for Dark Energy
We study exact tunneling solutions in scalar field theory for potential
barriers composed of linear or quadratic patches. We analytically continue our
solutions to imaginary Euclidean radius in order to study the profile of the
scalar field inside the growing bubble. We find that generally there is a
non-trivial profile of the scalar field, generating a stress-energy tensor,
that depending on the form of the potential, can be a candidate for dark
energy.Comment: 39 pages, 12 figure
Complete power spectrum for an induced gravity open inflation model
We study the phenomenological constraints on a recently proposed model of
open inflation in the context of induced gravity. The main interest of this
model is the relatively small number of parameters, which may be constrained by
many different types of observation. We evaluate the complete spectrum of
density perturbations, which contains continuum sub-curvature modes, a discrete
super curvature mode, and a mode associated with fluctuations in the bubble
wall. From these, we compute the angular power spectrum of temperature
fluctuations in the microwave background, and derive bounds on the parameters
of the model so that the predicted spectrum is compatible with the observed
anisotropy of the microwave background and with large-scale structure
observations. We analyze the matter era and the approach of the model to
general relativity. The model passes all existing constraints.Comment: 12 pages RevTeX file with four figures incorporated (uses RevTeX and
epsf). Also available by e-mailing ARL, or by WWW at
http://star-www.maps.susx.ac.uk/papers/early_papers.html Only change is
additional reference
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