Forecasting the annual flow rate of the Tigris river using stochastic modelling

The monthly and annual time series of the flow of the Tigris River at Al-Amara barrage was analyzed in order to forecast the annual and monthly future values of discharge of that river. The monthly series from 1980-2010 was used as data for this analysis. Non-homogeneity was detected in the series with significant positive jump’s observed in the periods 1987-1988 and 1992-1997. The non-homogeneity was removed using the method suggested by Reference [1]. A Box and Cox [2] transformation was then used to normalize the homogeneous series. The dependent stochastic component was obtained from the series after removing the periodic component, which was observed using harmonic analysis after fitting the normalized series. A first-order auto-regressive model (Markovian chain) was then used to model the last obtained component. The data in the period 1980-2000 was used to conduct that analysis. For generation of a future series, the model was verified using the remaining 9-years, 2001-2010. Some statistical properties were obtained for both the forecasted and the observed series and then used to compare the two series. The comparison indicates that the model is capable of forecasting acceptable future data

Experimental inoculation of the Botox perineurally of facial nerve and followed by histological assessment for its effect on the zygomatic bone of rabbits

Background: Botox, derived from the toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, is an attenuated toxin employed as a treatment for cervical dystonia, overactive bladder, strabismus, cerebral palsy, and non-surgical cosmetic procedures. This study aimed to explore the impact of injecting Botox around the facial nerve on the left side of rabbits, specifically focusing on the histological changes in the zygomatic bone.  Methods: Twenty-five adult rabbits of a local breed, weighing 1500-1800 gm and of both sexes, underwent a 15-day acclimation period prior to the experiment. The rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th). A singular intramuscular injection of Botox at a dose of 3.5 U/kg was administered to the left facial muscles. The rabbits in each group were then sacrificed at distinct time points after injection: day 10, day 15, day 30, and day 45. All rabbits survived until the end of the experiment, at which point they were euthanized with chloroform. Post-euthanasia, the rabbits' facial zygomatic bones were dissected and subjected to histological assessment. Results: The results indicated notable changes in the zygomatic bone, including prominent vacuoles within the bony matrix, cracks with cellular debris, limited osteocytes, and collagen bundles resembling woven bone. Additionally, in the day 30 group (T3), irregular bone borders and atrophied osteogenic cells were observed, while the day 45 group (T4) exhibited necrotic areas and bone fragments within the bone matrix. Conclusion: In conclusion, Botox, derived from Clostridium botulinum, serves various medical purposes. The study focused on injecting Botox around rabbits' facial nerves to assess its impact on zygomatic bones histologically. Following a controlled injection and specific time intervals, the examined bone samples exhibited distinct changes, providing insights into Botox's effects on bone morphology

مسؤولية وزير التعليم عن العودة للمدراس في ظل أزمة فيروس كورونا المستجد- كوفيد 19-: دراسة فقهية معاصرة The Responsibility of the Minister of Education for Returning to Schools in light of the Emerging Crisis of Covid-19: A Contemporary Jurisprudence Study

جاء هذا البحث ليجيب عن سؤال: هل وزير التعليم مسؤول فعلا عن ما قد يصاب به الطلبة من ضرر إذا عادوا لمدارسهم؟ من خلال التعريف بأثر فيروس كورونا على الجوانب التعليمية، وبيان أركان الضمان وتنزيل ما قرره علماؤنا من أقوال وآراء متعلقة بالموضوع على تصرفات الوزير. وذلك باتباع المنهج الاستقرائي الوصفي الذي يلائم محتوى البحث، ثم اتباع المنهج الاستنباطي في بيان الحكم الشرعي لسؤال البحث. وقد توصل البحث إلى أن قرار التعطيل إنما صدر من مجلس الوزراء، وفق خطة مرسومة خاضعة لتقدير السلطات الصحية، فكان الوزير متسبباً لا مباشراً، فلا ضمان عليه إنما الضمان بالتعدي، ولما كان العلم هو الركن الأساسي الذي تقوم عليه المجتمعات، فإن قرار العودة للمدارس، يترتب عليه مصالح وغايات سامية، تفوق المفاسد والأضرار فانتفى الضمان عن الوزير عملا بقاعدة الجواز الشرعي ينافي الضمان . الكلمات المفتاحية: جائحة فيروس كورونا، وزير التعليم، الضمان، العودة للمدارس. This research aims to answer the question whether the Minister of Education is responsible for any infections or harm that may happen to students when they return to schools by explaining the effect of Covid-19 on the education level, uncovering the pillars of guarantee, and showcasing our Islamic Scientists’ opinions on the Minister’s behaviors. The study adopted the descriptive-inductive method because it is appropriate for the research content, and then the deductive method was used to clarify the shar\u27i ruling regarding the main question. The research concluded that the decision of schools’ closure was issued by the Council of Ministers, according to well-studied plans that were under the supervision of health authorities. Therefore, the Minister of Education was a causer not an initiator. Since education is the cornerstone of societies, the decision to return to school entails lofty interests and objectives, outweighing the disadvantages, and there is no guarantee from the Minister pursuant to the rule of lawful permissibility is incompatible with guarantee . Keywords: COVID-19, Pandemic, Ministry of Education, Liability, Reopening schools

Textile Dye Removal by Activated Date Seeds

The objective of the study was to prepare activated carbon from date seeds (ADS) and use it as a medium for textile dye adsorption. Batch adsorption of reactive green dye showed that dye adsorption depends on the contact time, the dye concentration, and the pH equilibrium. Different concentrations of the prepared activated carbon were used with different dye concentrations and evaluated for dye removal efficiency. The maximum dye adsorption in this study was achieved after 270 min at a pH range of 5-9. In this study, the functional groups in the prepared ADS were identified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) while the crystal size was determined using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equation were used to study the adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and dye desorption while the pseudo-second-order kinetics was used to analyze the equilibrium adsorption data of the reactive green dye on the prepared ADS. The dyes’ adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, which is adjudged as the best in adsorption studies. The equilibrium data were best fitted with the Freundlich isotherm model. Conclusively, the adsorption of dye onto the prepared ADS was observed to be an endothermic physical adsorption process

The Verbs Attributed to Satan in the Koran is a Study of Significance

الحمد لله الواحد الأحد الفرد الصمد الذي لم يلد ولم يولد ولم يكن له كفواً أحد، والصلاة والسلام على خير خلقه محمّد وعلى آله وصحبه أصحاب النهى والرَشَد، أمّا بعد: فإنّ العربيّة لغة بيان وسحر، لا يكون لفظٌ منها إلّا وهو موضوعٌ لغاية يروم تحقيقها، وأحياناً لا تتّضح الفروق بين الألفاظ إلّا بعد التمحيص والتأمّل، وقد جاء القرآن بألفاظه على وجهٍ أعجز العرب عن الإتيان بمثله أو بعضه، وقد كان هذا الكتاب العظيم ذا أسلوب لا يبلغ مقامه إلّا مَن أفاض الله عليه من العلم والمعرفة بأسراره وحقائقه ما يوصله إلى مراده؛ لذا كانت الرغبة منّي أن أبحث في هذا الكتاب العجيب المُعجِب، وقد وقع الاختيار على ألفاظ تجتمع تحت عنوان واحد، وهي الألفاظ التي وردت منسوبة مسنَدَةً إلى لفظ (الشيطان) والتي كانت أفعالاً مختلفة المعاني والصيغ، فجاء  العنوان:(ألفاظ الأفعال المُسنَدَة إلى الشيط ان في القرآن الكريم دراسة دلالية) وقد تمّ اختيار بعض الأفعال المسندة إلى الشيطان وذلك لكثرتها في الاستعمال القرآنيّ. وقد جاء البحث متألّفاً من مدخلٍ وخمسة مطالب، تناولت في المدخل الفرق بين لفظي (الشيطان وإبليس) على نحو مختصر، أمّا المطالب فقد جاءت على النحو الآتي: الفعلان (أزلّ واستزلّ) الفعل (نزغ) الفعلان (سوّل وأملى) الفعل (زيّن) الفعل (وسوس) وقد جاءت بعد تلك المطالب الخمسة خاتمة ذكرت فيها أهمّ النتائج التي أسفر عنها البحث. وآخر الدعاء أن الحمد لله ربّ العالمين والصلاة والسلام على محمد وآله وصحبه أجمعين.Praise be to Allaah. The one who stands steadfastly, who was not born, was not born, and had no one, and peace and blessings be upon the best of Muhammad and his family and companions. Arabic is a language of statement and magic, the word of which is only a subject and aims to achieve it, and sometimes the differences between the words only become clear after scrutiny and reflection, and the Koran came with words on the face of the inability of the Arabs to come up with some or all of them, and this great book was a style not His shrine only attains the knowledge and  knowledge of the secrets and facts of what leads him to his goal, so it was my desire to search in this wonderful book admired The words that were attributed to the word (the devil) and which were acts of different meanings and formulas were chosen under the same title. Satan because of its abundance in the use of the Koran The research consisted of an entrance and five demands. 1-1- Act (remove and remove) The act (sap) 1.3- Acting (Lean and Dictated) Act (adorned) 1.5 (verb waswasa) Following these five demands, a conclusion was made stating the most important results of the research. The last supplication is that Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon Muhammad and his family and companion

Management of Major Trauma and the Role of Interventional Radiology

This study aimed at exploring the management of major trauma and analyzing the role of interventional radiology for major trauma patients. As there are no prospective randomized controlled trials of interventional radiology in major trauma. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the evidence supporting the use of interventional radiological techniques in the management of major trauma. The study concluded that interventional radiology has become an essential part of the modern trauma unit. Roles in pelvic haemorrhage and aortic injury are now well established and have contributed to improving patient survival and reducing long-term morbidity

Overview on Blood Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

As it is important for the Blood transfusion to be extremely safe, some measures have to be taken long safeguarded the blood supply from the major transfusion transmissible diseases (TTIs).  The risk of transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI) rises with the number of donors exposed, and the effects of TTI are frequently more severe in immune compromised people. TTIs (hepatitis B virus [HBV], HIV, and hepatitis C virus [HCV]) are examples of typical transfusion-transmitted infectious agents. As a result of the gradual application of nucleic acid-amplification technology (NAT) screening for HIV, HCV, and HBV, the residual risk of infected window-period donations has been minimized. Nonetheless, infections emerge far more frequently than is commonly acknowledged, needing ongoing surveillance and individual assessment of transfusion-associated risk. Although there is a constant need to monitor present dangers owing to established TTI, the ongoing issues in blood safety are mostly related to surveillance for developing agents, as well as the creation of quick reaction systems when such agents are detected

Holistic Assessment of Community Palliative Care Needs Among Palestinian Cancer Patients

Background: Palliative care focuses on improving the quality of life of terminally ill patients and their families. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aims to assess the level of community palliative care among terminally ill Palestinian cancer patients and the needs of their families in the West-Bank and Gaza strip. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among cancer patients. Patients were recruited through five hospitals that provide cancer care in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (Al-Hussein Hospital, Beit Jala; Augusta Victoria Hospital, Jerusalem; Istishari Arab Hospital, Ramallah; European Hospital and Abd Al-Aziz Al-Rantisi Hospital; Gaza). Data were collected using an interview-based questionnaire. The questionnaire focused on assessment of physical, psychosocial, emotional, and spiritual components of palliative care. In addition, the questionnaire assessed caregiver’s needs. Results: A total of 238 patients were interviewed. The mean age of the participants was 53.8±15 years. The most common types of cancer among patients were breast cancer (51 [21.4%]) and colorectal cancer (33 [13.9%]). Fifty percent of the patients had their children as their primary caregivers. Overall, the majority of the patients had good psychosocial, spiritual, and emotional scores. On the other hand, >80% had moderate to poor physical functioning scores. Psychosocial and emotional scores decreased significantly as the disease progressed. More than 33% of the patients reported that their caregivers were in need of financial, legal, and work-related support. In addition, other commonly reported unmet needs included support in understanding what to expect in the future and dealing with the feelings and worries of the patient. Conclusions: Cancer patients suffer mostly from their physical symptoms in addition to financial problems. On the other hand, assessment of the emotional, spiritual and psychological functioning of Palestinian patients indicates that the strength of religious beliefs and the support of the family and the friends in the Palestinian community had a great impact on the patients and help reduced the gap in palliative care services

Influence of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity, hydrodynamic and thermal slips on magnetohydrodynamic micropolar flow: a numerical study

Thermophysical and wall slip effects arise in many areas of nuclear technology. Motivated by such applications, in this article the collective influence ofvariable viscosity, thermal conductivity, velocity and thermal slipseffects on a steady two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic microplar fluid over a stretching sheet are analyzednumerically. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations have been converted into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations using suitable coordinate transformations. The numerical solutions of the problem are expressed in the form of non-dimensional velocityand temperature profiles and discussed from their graphical representations. Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique together withthesixth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme has been applied for the numerical solution.A comparison with the existing results has been done and an excellent agreement is found.Further validation with adomian decomposition method is included for the general model. Interesting features in the heat and momentum characteristics are explored. It is found that greater thermal slip and thermal conductivity elevate thermal boundary layer thickness. Increasing Prandtl number enhances Nusselt number at the wall but reduces wall couple stress (micro-rotation gradient). Temperatures are enhanced with both magnetic field and viscosity parameter. Increasing momentum (hydrodynamic) slip is found to accelerate the flow and elevate temperatures

Herd Immunity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in 10 Communities, Qatar.

We investigated what proportion of the population acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and whether the herd immunity threshold has been reached in 10 communities in Qatar. The study included 4,970 participants during June 21-September 9, 2020. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected by using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Seropositivity ranged from 54.9% (95% CI 50.2%-59.4%) to 83.8% (95% CI 79.1%-87.7%) across communities and showed a pooled mean of 66.1% (95% CI 61.5%-70.6%). A range of other epidemiologic measures indicated that active infection is rare, with limited if any sustainable infection transmission for clusters to occur. Only 5 infections were ever severe and 1 was critical in these young communities; infection severity rate of 0.2% (95% CI 0.1%-0.4%). Specific communities in Qatar have or nearly reached herd immunity for SARS-CoV-2 infection: 65%-70% of the population has been infected