22 research outputs found

    Control of directionality in the DNA strand-exchange reaction catalysed by the tyrosine recombinase TnpI

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    In DNA site-specific recombination catalysed by tyrosine recombinases, two pairs of DNA strands are sequentially exchanged between separate duplexes and the mechanisms that confer directionality to this theoretically reversible reaction remain unclear. The tyrosine recombinase TnpI acts at the internal resolution site (IRS) of the transposon Tn4430 to resolve intermolecular transposition products. Recombination is catalysed at the IRS core sites (IR1–IR2) and is regulated by adjacent TnpI-binding motifs (DR1 and DR2). These are dispensable accessory sequences that confer resolution selectivity to the reaction by stimulating synapsis between directly repeated IRSs. Here, we show that formation of the DR1–DR2-containing synapse imposes a specific order of activation of the TnpI catalytic subunits in the complex so that the IR1-bound subunits catalyse the first strand exchange and the IR2-bound subunits the second strand exchange. This ordered pathway was demonstrated for a complete recombination reaction using a TnpI catalytic mutant (TnpI-H234L) partially defective in DNA rejoining. The presence of the DR1- and DR2-bound TnpI subunits was also found to stabilize transient recombination intermediates, further displacing the reaction equilibrium towards product formation. Implication of TnpI/IRS accessory elements in the initial architecture of the synapse and subsequent conformational changes taking place during strand exchange is discussed

    A Defined Terminal Region of the E. coli Chromosome Shows Late Segregation and High FtsK Activity

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    Background: The FtsK DNA-translocase controls the last steps of chromosome segregation in E. coli. It translocates sister chromosomes using the KOPS DNA motifs to orient its activity, and controls the resolution of dimeric forms of sister chromosomes by XerCD-mediated recombination at the dif site and their decatenation by TopoIV. Methodology: We have used XerCD/dif recombination as a genetic trap to probe the interaction of FtsK with loci located in different regions of the chromosome. This assay revealed that the activity of FtsK is restricted to a,400 kb terminal region of the chromosome around the natural position of the dif site. Preferential interaction with this region required the tethering of FtsK to the division septum via its N-terminal domain as well as its translocation activity. However, the KOPSrecognition activity of FtsK was not required. Displacement of replication termination outside the FtsK high activity region had no effect on FtsK activity and deletion of a part of this region was not compensated by its extension to neighbouring regions. By observing the fate of fluorescent-tagged loci of the ter region, we found that segregation of the FtsK high activity region is delayed compared to that of its adjacent regions. Significance: Our results show that a restricted terminal region of the chromosome is specifically dedicated to the last step

    Etude et réalisation de filtres matriochkas pour des applications spatiales

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    The matriochka resonator is based on reentrant coaxial Stepped Impedance Resonator (SIR). So, the thesis develops theoretical innovations on the matriochka technology offering accurate analytical models on the frequency and the quality factor behaviors of the resonator. The models prove the existence of degrees of freedom within the matriochka resonator which allows to get different form factors of the resonator. The degrees of freedom create many configurations of the matriochka resonator for a fundamental frequency and a quality factor. Consequently, a volume optimization is realized to design a L-band filter and a C-band filter. A multipactor study is also carried out for the L-band filter. So, a joint optimization method of the multipactor and the volume minimization is proposed for this filter. Thus, the models and optimisations are used in the order to to design and fabricate the microwave filters. The first one is a transmission L-band filter for the navigation application Galileo which offers a volume alternative and a high power in the vaccum. Then, the second one is a reception C-band filter for the telemetry application which offers wide spurious free-performance and a low volume compared to the state of the art. Finally, for a frequency and a quality factor and depending on the configurations, the matriochka technology offers an alternative of the resonator volume, and it offers a wide spurious free- performance and a low volume compared to the state of the art.Le rĂ©sonateur matriochka est conçu Ă  partir de rĂ©sonateurs coaxiaux rĂ©-entrants crĂ©ant ainsi des sauts d’impĂ©dances (SIR). La thĂšse dĂ©veloppe alors des innovations thĂ©oriques sur la technologie matriochka en proposant des modĂšles analytiques prĂ©cis sur le comportement frĂ©quentiel et du facteur de qualitĂ© du rĂ©sonateur. Les modĂ©lisations mettent en relief l’existence de degrĂ©s de libertĂ© au sein du rĂ©sonateur matriochka induisant une flexibilitĂ© du rapport de forme du rĂ©sonateur. Les degrĂ©s de libertĂ© crĂ©ent ainsi une multitude de configurations du rĂ©sonateur matriochka pour une frĂ©quence fondamentale et un facteur de qualitĂ© donnĂ©s. Par consĂ©quent, une optimisation en volume est rĂ©alisĂ©e pour concevoir deux filtres en bande L et C afin de minimiser leur encombrement. Une Ă©tude de la tenue en puissance dans le vide est Ă©galement effectuĂ©e pour le filtre en bande L. Une mĂ©thode conjointe d’optimisation de la tenue en puissance et de minimisation en volume est alors proposĂ©e pour ce filtre. Ainsi, les modĂ©lisations et les optimisations sont employĂ©es afin de concevoir et de fabriquer deux filtres hyperfrĂ©quences. Le premier est un filtre de transmission en bande L conçu pour l’application de navigation Galileo qui propose une alternative d’encombrement et une tenue en puissance dans le vide Ă©levĂ©e. Enfin, le second est un filtre de rĂ©ception en bande C conçu, fabriquĂ© et mesurĂ© pour l’application de tĂ©lĂ©mesure qui propose de meilleures performances en rĂ©jection et un volume rĂ©duit par rapport Ă  l’existant. Finalement, la technologie matriochka est une alternative de rĂ©sonateur par rapport Ă  l’état de l’art en proposant, selon les configurations, un rejet Ă©levĂ© des harmoniques et un volume rĂ©duit pour une frĂ©quence fondamentale et un facteur de qualitĂ© donnĂ©s

    Conception and fabrication of matriochka filters for spatial applications

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    Le rĂ©sonateur matriochka est conçu Ă  partir de rĂ©sonateurs coaxiaux rĂ©-entrants crĂ©ant ainsi des sauts d’impĂ©dances (SIR). La thĂšse dĂ©veloppe alors des innovations thĂ©oriques sur la technologie matriochka en proposant des modĂšles analytiques prĂ©cis sur le comportement frĂ©quentiel et du facteur de qualitĂ© du rĂ©sonateur. Les modĂ©lisations mettent en relief l’existence de degrĂ©s de libertĂ© au sein du rĂ©sonateur matriochka induisant une flexibilitĂ© du rapport de forme du rĂ©sonateur. Les degrĂ©s de libertĂ© crĂ©ent ainsi une multitude de configurations du rĂ©sonateur matriochka pour une frĂ©quence fondamentale et un facteur de qualitĂ© donnĂ©s. Par consĂ©quent, une optimisation en volume est rĂ©alisĂ©e pour concevoir deux filtres en bande L et C afin de minimiser leur encombrement. Une Ă©tude de la tenue en puissance dans le vide est Ă©galement effectuĂ©e pour le filtre en bande L. Une mĂ©thode conjointe d’optimisation de la tenue en puissance et de minimisation en volume est alors proposĂ©e pour ce filtre. Ainsi, les modĂ©lisations et les optimisations sont employĂ©es afin de concevoir et de fabriquer deux filtres hyperfrĂ©quences. Le premier est un filtre de transmission en bande L conçu pour l’application de navigation Galileo qui propose une alternative d’encombrement et une tenue en puissance dans le vide Ă©levĂ©e. Enfin, le second est un filtre de rĂ©ception en bande C conçu, fabriquĂ© et mesurĂ© pour l’application de tĂ©lĂ©mesure qui propose de meilleures performances en rĂ©jection et un volume rĂ©duit par rapport Ă  l’existant. Finalement, la technologie matriochka est une alternative de rĂ©sonateur par rapport Ă  l’état de l’art en proposant, selon les configurations, un rejet Ă©levĂ© des harmoniques et un volume rĂ©duit pour une frĂ©quence fondamentale et un facteur de qualitĂ© donnĂ©s.The matriochka resonator is based on reentrant coaxial Stepped Impedance Resonator (SIR). So, the thesis develops theoretical innovations on the matriochka technology offering accurate analytical models on the frequency and the quality factor behaviors of the resonator. The models prove the existence of degrees of freedom within the matriochka resonator which allows to get different form factors of the resonator. The degrees of freedom create many configurations of the matriochka resonator for a fundamental frequency and a quality factor. Consequently, a volume optimization is realized to design a L-band filter and a C-band filter. A multipactor study is also carried out for the L-band filter. So, a joint optimization method of the multipactor and the volume minimization is proposed for this filter. Thus, the models and optimisations are used in the order to to design and fabricate the microwave filters. The first one is a transmission L-band filter for the navigation application Galileo which offers a volume alternative and a high power in the vaccum. Then, the second one is a reception C-band filter for the telemetry application which offers wide spurious free-performance and a low volume compared to the state of the art. Finally, for a frequency and a quality factor and depending on the configurations, the matriochka technology offers an alternative of the resonator volume, and it offers a wide spurious free- performance and a low volume compared to the state of the art

    European kingfisher

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    The kingfisher is widespread in Wallonia but is missing locally in middle Belgium and in higher Ardenne. The field prospection for the atlas took place in a favorable climatic context; the current population, estimated at 450 650 pairs, reflects probably the saturation of the habitat. The highest densities are found along large rivers, with important fishing ressources and numerous nesting sites (Lesse, Ourthe, Semois, Viroin). The limiting fator seems to be the lack of nesting sites

    the tyrosine recombinase TnpI

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