Skogens roll i klimatfrågan

Det finns många aktörer med olika perspektiv på skogens roll i klimatfrågan. Dessa perspektiv kan skildras i media av aktörer som får mediautrymme. Media påverkar allmänhetens uppfattning genom att sätta agendan och avgöra vilka perspektiv som publiceras i mediet. En medieanalys genomfördes för att svara på tre frågor gällande svensk media under tidsperioden 2010–2019. Först, om utrymmet för skog och klimatfrågan förändrats, därefter, vilka aktörer som hörs i frågan, och till sist, hur dessa aktörer väljer att rama in frågan. 421 artiklar tryckta i Dagens Nyheters från början av 2010 till slutet av 2019 analyserades. En inramningsanalys genomfördes på de 101 artiklar som ramade in relationen mellan skog och klimatförändringar. I inramningsanalysen identifierades aktörerna och deras inramning av frågan. Inramningen urskildes genom aktörens utpekande av rollerna offer, orsak och lösning. Under tidsperioden ökade utrymmet för aktörer som ramar in skogens roll i klimatfrågan. Ett ökat intresse för frågan visades 2015 i samband med Parisavtalet och 2018 då skogsbränderna i Sverige bidrog till att lyfta skog och klimatfrågan i media. Aktörerna som uttalade sig om skogens roll i klimatfrågan under tidsperioden var framför allt journalister, därefter forskare. Skog pekades ut både som ett tydligt offer och en framstående lösning. I jämförelse med medieanalysen av Kleinschmit och Sjöstedt (2014), av tidsperioden 1992–2009, kan ett skifte av skogens roll upptäckas, från att ha porträtterats, nästintill uteslutande, som offer till att även porträtteras som lösning 2010–2019.There are many actors with different perspectives on the role of forests in the climate discourse. These perspectives are presented in media by actors with standing (actors who are given space in the media). Media influence public opinion by setting the agenda and deciding which perspectives are published in the medium. A media analysis was conducted to answer three questions concerning Swedish media during the period 2010-2019. First, how the amount of space for the forest and climate discourse has changed over time, second, which actors have standing in the topic, and third, how these actors choose to frame the forest and climate discourse, in Swedish media. 421 articles, published in Dagens Nyheter from the start of 2010 to the end of 2019, were analyzed. A frame analysis was conducted on the 101 articles that framed the relationship between forests and climate change. In the frame analysis the speakers and their framing of the discourse were identified. The framing was distinguished by the speakers naming of victims, causers, and solutions. Over the studied period actors who framed forests roles in the climate discourse were given more space in Dagens Nyheter. An increase of media attention for the topic was shown 2015, in connection to the Paris agreement, and 2018, when the forest fires in Sweden raised awareness for the forest and climate discourse in media. The actors who were heard on the topic of forests role in climate change were mainly journalists, and scientists, respectively. Forests were categorized both as an evident victim and a prominent solution. In comparison with the media analysis by Kleinschmit and Sjöstedt (2014), of the period 1992-2009, a slight shift was detected from being, almost entirely, portrayed as a victim to also being portrayed as a solution 2010-2019

Inherited smoking behaviour and Human Epididymis Protein 4 predict smoking-related morbidity and mortality

GENERAL AIM: To investigate prognostic markers identifying smokers with increased risk of smoking-related diseases in the population. BACKGROUND: Gene variance in the BDNF- respectively CHRNA-gene has been implicated in different smoking behaviours and the risk alleles have also demonstrated an additional risk increase of smoking-related diseases. The Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) is a cancer biomarker that is also affected by active smoking. AIMS: To replicate the associations between the genotypes of BDNF and CHRNA with smoking phenotypes and to test if the genotypes predicted events from tobacco-related diseases. To investigate the association between smokers and HE4 and to test if altered HE4 could predict future events of smoking-related mortality and morbidity in the population (Study III) or 90-day mortality (Study IV) in an acute setting.SUBJECTS: Study I and II was based on the prospective, population-based cohort study of Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS)(n=30 447), and study III, on the sub-study MDC-Cardiovascular cohort (MDC-CC) (n=6102). In paper IV, a population presenting with acute dyspne at the emergency department of Malmö was investigated, ADYS (n= 963).METHODS: Genotyping of the two polymorphisms, rs4923461 (BDNF) and rs1051730 (CHRNA) was performed in MDCS and correlated to smoking behaviour. In all four studies, participants were stratified according to smoking status and Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the correlations of the polymorphisms or the levels of HE4 to outcomes during follow-up. RESULTS: The associations with smoking behaviour were confirmed for both genotypes. In current smokers, the risk alleles of BDNF and CHRNA significantly predicted all-cause mortality. CHRNA also predicted a higher risk of incident smoking-related diseases. No associations were seen in never smokers. In MDC-CC, HE4-levels were distinctly elevated in current smokers but not in the ADYS-population. In MDC-CC, elevated HE4 predicted all-cause mortality irrespective of smoking status and in ADYS, HE4 strongly predicted 90-day mortality regardless of underlying disease or smoking status.CONCLUSION: Gene variance of BDNF and CHRNA have impact on smoking behaviour and predicts an increased risk of smoking-related complications in smokers. Plasma levels of HE4 predicts mortality in a long- and short-term perspective and may be used as a disease risk marker in smokers and possibly also in non-smokers. In the future, genotype of BDNF and CHRNA polymorphisms and HE4 levels may be helpful in identifying patients with a higher risk of complications

Harmonika-Vise

For voice with piano accompaniment. Illustrated front cover. Plate number 12867.https://scholarexchange.furman.edu/krohn-album1/1026/thumbnail.jp

Drawings as representations of children's conceptions

Drawings are often used to get an idea of children's conceptions. Doing so takes for granted an unambiguous relation between conceptions and their representations in drawings. This study was undertaken to gain knowledge of the relation between children's conceptions and their representation of these conceptions in drawings. A theory of contextualization was the basis for finding out how children related their contextualization of conceptions in conceptual frameworks to their contextualization of drawings in pictorial convention. Eighteen children were interviewed in a semi-structured method while they were drawing the Earth. Audio-recorded interviews, drawings and notes were analysed to find the cognitive and cultural intentions behind the drawings. Also, even children who demonstrated alternative conceptions of the Earth in the interviews still followed cultural conventions in their drawings. Thus, these alternative conceptions could not be deduced from the drawings. The results indicate that children's drawings can be used to grasp children's conceptions only by considering the meaning the children themselves give to their own drawings

Wag the WeiWei - A US boot in the Asian door

The growing interdependence and interconnectedness of the global community set the pace and frame for the evolution of foreign policy. Diplomacy formerly being the reserve of international communication has consequently been forced to change and branch out. This essay attempts to view these changes and their context at the example of US foreign policy in Pacific Asia. Both hard power translating into traditional Realpolitik, as well as soft power expressed through public diplomacy (PD), play their part. The latter though, can only be observed in the historical and political context of the former. The recent US interest in the Pacific region has involved the deployment of carrier groups and "sweet-talking" of regional economic powers alike. Attempts to establish a foothold in what is generally considered to be the prime market and potential flashpoint of the future have also included the marketing of the Chinese dissident WeiWei as a symbol for democratic values and human rights. This example serves as the blueprint for what we are defining as Publicity Diplomacy (PyD), a hybrid state of state-public communication, situated between the extremes of propaganda and public diplomacy that can further develop in either direction or linger in its in-between state. We find that US involvement in the Asia Pacific still is much characterized by the usage of hard power, with military deployments and tactical alliances being at the core of the current overall strategy. However, we can glimpse signs of profound engagement in PD and a far stronger orientation towards communication and community-building (smart power) within the Obama administration compared to its predecessors. So far, many of these efforts still range within the sphere of PyD and it remains to be seen to which extent soft power and hard power will eventually shape the quickly developing US-Asia Pacific story

Development of Oncolytic Adenoviruses for the Management of Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men globally. Androgen receptor (AR) signalling plays a vital role in initiation and progression and antiandrogens are standard of care first-line therapeutics. However, resistance frequently develops resulting in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Management of CRPC is currently chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy but is mostly palliative due to rapid development of resistance. The need for novel approaches to eliminate mCRPC is compelling; a promising option is replication-selective (oncolytic) adenoviruses with demonstrated efficacy in preclinical models of multidrug-resistant PCa. The safety of various viral mutants has been confirmed in numerous clinical trials with minimal toxicity in patients. Importantly, oncolytic adenoviruses synergise with the current standard of care for mCRPC even in treatment-resistant cells. In early phase I–II clinical trials, promising efficacy in patients with localised PCa was reported after intratumoural administration, and phase III trials are underway. To enable systemic delivery, for targeting of mCRPC, further developments are necessary because of the short half-life of the adenoviral mutants in human blood. Current progress in preventing the high-affinity binding of adenovirus to erythrocytes, hepatocyte uptake, and elimination by hepatic Kupffer cells will be described

Salafi in Virtual and Physical Reality

Many of the people who have been arrested around the world during the past two years suspected of being members of al-Qa'ida or affiliated organizations, have taken pride in belonging to the so-called Salafi movement. The designation may cause some confusion in view of the fact that the term 'Salafi' is also known, in older academic parlance, to denote aschool of thought associated with 'modernist' reformers such as Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1838-1897) and Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905). These reformers, if ever mentioned at all, are likely to be shunned by the contemporary Salafist. Today, 'Salafism' is more often used in reference to a quite different brand of Islamic thought and practice, a brand that is practically identical to what has otherwise been known as 'Wahhabism', i.e. the form of Sunni Islam that constitutes the 'state religion' of Saudi Arabia

Targeting Triple Negative Breast Cancer With Oncolytic Adenoviruses

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer globally, accounting for 685,000 deaths in 2020. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) lack oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) hormone receptor expression and HER2 overexpression. TNBC represent 10–15% of all BC with high incidence in women under 50-years old that have BRCA mutations, and have a dismal prognosis. African American and Hispanic women are at higher risk partly due to the common occurrence of BRCA mutations. The standard treatment for TNBC includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy although, resistance to all standard-of-care therapies eventually develops. It is crucial to identify and develop more efficacious therapeutics with different mechanisms of action to improve on survival in these women. Recent findings with oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) may generate a new strategy to improve on the outcomes for women afflicted by TNBC and other types of BC. OAds are genetically engineered to selectively lyse, eliminate and recruit the host antitumour immune responses, leaving normal cells unharmed. The most common modifications are deletions in the early gene products including the E1B55 KDa protein, specific regions of the E1A protein, or insertion of tumour-specific promoters. Clinical trials using OAds for various adenocarcinomas have not yet been sufficiently evaluated in BC patients. Preclinical studies demonstrated efficacy in BC cell lines, including TNBC cells, with promising novel adenoviral mutants. Here we review the results reported for the most promising OAds in preclinical studies and clinical trials administered alone and in combination with current standard of care or with novel therapeutics. Combinations of OAds with small molecule drugs targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), androgen receptor (AR), and DNA damage repair by the novel PARP inhibitors are currently under investigation with reported enhanced efficacy. The combination of the PARP-inhibitor Olaparib with OAds showed an impressive anti-tumour effect. The most promising findings to date are with OAds in combination with antibodies towards the immune checkpoints or expression of cytokines from the viral backbone. Although safety and efficacy have been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials and preclinical studies with cancer-selective OAds, further developments are needed to eliminate metastatic lesions, increase immune activation and intratumoural viral spread. We discuss shortcomings of the OAds and potential solutions for improving on patient outcomes

Adenovirus-Mediated Sensitization to the Cytotoxic Drugs Docetaxel and Mitoxantrone Is Dependent on Regulatory Domains in the E1ACR1 Gene-Region

Oncolytic adenoviruses have shown promising efficacy in clinical trials targeting prostate cancers that frequently develop resistance to all current therapies. The replication-selective mutants AdΔΔ and dl922–947, defective in pRb-binding, have been demonstrated to synergise with the current standard of care, mitoxantrone and docetaxel, in prostate cancer models. While expression of the early viral E1A gene is essential for the enhanced cell killing, the specific E1A-regions required for the effects are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that replicating mutants deleted in small E1A-domains, binding pRb (dl1108), p300/CBP (dl1104) and p400/TRRAP or p21 (dl1102) sensitize human prostate cancer cells (PC-3, DU145, 22Rv1) to mitoxantrone and docetaxel. Through generation of non-replicating mutants, we demonstrate that the small E1A12S protein is sufficient to potently sensitize all prostate cancer cells to the drugs even in the absence of viral replication and the E1A transactivating domain, conserved region (CR) 3. Furthermore, the p300/CBP-binding domain in E1ACR1 is essential for drug-sensitisation in the absence (AdE1A1104) but not in the presence of the E1ACR3 (dl1104) domain. AdE1A1104 also failed to increase apoptosis and accumulation of cells in G2/M. All E1AΔCR2 mutants (AdE1A1108, dl922–947) and AdE1A1102 or dl1102 enhance cell killing to the same degree as wild type virus. In PC-3 xenografts in vivo the dl1102 mutant significantly prolongs time to tumor progression that is further enhanced in combination with docetaxel. Neither dl1102 nor dl1104 replicates in normal human epithelial cells (NHBE). These findings suggest that additional E1A-deletions might be included when developing more potent replication-selective oncolytic viruses, such as the AdΔCR2-mutants, to further enhance potency through synergistic cell killing in combination with current chemotherapeutics

Karakteristik Dan Hasil Uji Marshall Aspal Termodifikasi Dengan Karet Alam Terdepolimerisasi Sebagai Aditif

Aspal termodifikasi polimer merupakan salah satu jenis formula aspal dengan penambahan polimer untuk mendapatkan sifat perkerasan jalan yang lebih baik, yaitu mengurangi deformasi pada perkerasan, meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap retak dan kelekatan pada agregat. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan karet alam SIR 20 terdepolimerisasi sebagai aditif pada aspal dengan konsentrasi 3%, 5%, dan 7% b/b. Dari hasil pengujian penetrasi, titik lembek, titik nyala, dan % kehilangan berat setelah pemanasan didapatkan konsentrasi terbaik, yaitu 5%. Data hasil uji Marshall yang terdiri dari stabilitas, pelelehan, stabilitas sisa setelah perendaman, dan hasil bagi Marshall berturut-turut adalah 1135,46 kg, 3,47 mm, 91,78%, dan 327,22 kg/mm. Nilai tersebut telah memenuhi persyaratan SNI untuk aspal polimer (SNI 06-2489-91) dan memiliki sifat yang lebih baik daripada aspal tanpa penambahan aditif (kontrol). Diterima : 17 November 2014; Direvisi : 29 Januari 2015; Disetujui : 7 Mei 2015 How to Cite : Prastanto, H., Cifriadi, A., & Ramadhan, A. (2015). Karakteristik dan hasil uji marshall aspal termodifikasi dengan karet alam terdepolimerisasi sebagai aditif. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(1), 75-82. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/17