PENGGUNAAN KOMBINASI KUNYIT (Curcuma domestica) DAN JAHE (Zingiber officinale) BENTUK ENKAPSULASI DAN TANPA ENKAPSULASI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK USUS DAN MIKROFLORA USUS AYAM PEDAGING

The purpose of this research was to examine the use of curcuma (curcuma domestica) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) combinations with encapsulated and not Encapsulated on intestinal histological and Intestinal Microflora in broiler. The materials used in this research were 180 day-old broiler chicks, flour and encapsulated turmeric and ginger mixture. The encapsulants used were maltodextrin (75 %: casein 25 %) and adding BHT 0.075 % from extract of 10 % turmeric and ginger mixture. The methods used a Laboratory experiment of a Completely Randomized Design with 9 treatments (P0 = control feed), namely 2 forms of turmeric and ginger mixture. (flour and encapsulated) with 4 levels (0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8%). The results showed that use of turmeric and ginger mixture in the form of non-encapsulation and encapsulation significantly improved (P<0.01) pH, viscocity of digesta and the number of villi, but showed a no significant difference on villi height, and the number of bacteria (LAB, Lactobacillus, sp, E Coli and salmonella Sp.). It is concluded that the use of turmeric and ginger mixture of encapsulated form provides better results than the form of non- encapsulation with the optimum level of 0.8%. Therefore using encapsulated form in 0.8% of the combined turmeric and ginger in broiler diet is recommended.  (Key words: Broiler, Encapsulation, Ginger, Histological, Microflora, Turmeric

The Effect of Using Citric Acid and Lactic Acid Combination in Liquid and Encapsulated Forms as Feed Additive on Carcass Percentage and Internal Organ Weights of Broiler

The purpose of this research were to find out effect of using citric acid and lactic acid combination in liquid and encapsulated forms on broiler carcass percentage and internal organ weights (liver, pancreas, lymph, bile). The material used for this research was 108 Cobb broiler chicks with average initial body weight of 44,00 ± 3,37 g. The method used in this field experiment was Completly Randomized Design with 2 factors and 4 levels, and if there were significant influence it would be tested with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The result showed that citric acid and lactic acid combination in either liquid or encapsulated form showed no significant effect (P>0,05) on carcass percentage and liver, pancreas and lymph weights of broiler but it significantly affect (P<0,01) bile weight. The addition of 0.4 % citric acid and lactic acid combination in either liquid or encapsulated form gave the best result on percentage carcass. The conclusion that the additions of different level of citric acid and lactic acid combination in encapsulated form on broiler feed only gave significant effect on lymph weight.   Keywords: citric acid and lactic acid combination, liquid, encapsulated, carcass percentage, internal orga

Evaluation of the Development Strategies Village Breeding Center Peranakan Ongole (PO) Cattle Based on Swot Analysis

The research revealed that the appropriate strategy for the development of local cattle is influenced by both internal and external factors, such as the age of farmers, the educational level of farmers, the experience of cattle, the main job of farmers, availability of land, knowledge of cattle farm management, use of technology and access to funding, and government support. This research aims to evaluate the development of the PO village breeding center based on internal and external factors. The research methodology employed involved conducting surveys, interviews, and documentation of cattle farmers, livestock group leaders, and Bojonegoro livestock department officials as sources of information. The method used in this study was purposive sampling. Descriptive quantitative and SWOT analyses were carefully applied to the available data. The internal factor analysis yielded a total value of 1.03 on the positive X-axis, while the external factor had a value of 0.15 on the positive Y-axis. As a result, the SWOT analysis shows the development of a PO village breeding center in quadrant I, which indicated that the program for developing a village breeding center was on the right track (aggressive) by continuously implementing growth strategies. Developing the source area for PO cattle has excellent potential to enhance the productivity and quality of PO cattle produced. The development strategy of PO cattle village breeding center should focus on the potential strength aspect of the capacity of local regions and farmers' support

The Magnetic Technology in Drinking Water of Laying Hens

The experiment was conducted to know the best level of magnetic technology for improving water quality and to compare the use of magnetic technology (MT) and non-magnetic technology (NMT) in drinking water of the laying hens. This study had 2 experiment steps. The first step studied 3 levels (1350 Gs, 2700 Gs, 5400 Gs) of magnetic technology. The results showed that MT had a significant effect (p0.05) on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and pH of drinking water. 2700 Gs used in the second step was the best result to improve water quality. Magnetic technology was used to treat drinking water of 288 ISA Brown birds aged 57-week assigned to 2 treatments (NMT and MT). MT showed no significant effect (p>0.05) on hen day production (HDP) but improved (p<0.05) the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of laying hens.Keywords: laying hens, magnet, production, water qualit

Good Parameters for PSO in Optimizing Laying Hen Diet

Manual formulation of poultry diet by taking into account the fulfillment of all nutrients requirement with least cost is a difficult task. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) shows promising technique to solve this problem. However, there is a lack of studying a good parameter for PSO to solve feed formulation problem since PSO is sensitive to control parameter which depends on the problem. Therefore, this study investigates good swarm size, total iterations, acceleration coefficients, and inertia weight to produce a better formula. PSO with proposed good parameters is compared with other parameters. The obtained result shows that PSO with good parameters choice produces the highest fitness. Furthermore, good parameters of PSO can be used as a reference for a software developer and for further research to optimize poultry diet using PSO

Optimizing Laying Hen Diet using Multi-Swarm Particle Swarm Optimization

Formulating animal diet by accounting fluctuating cost, nutrient requirement, balanced amino acids, and maximum composition simultaneously is a difficult and complex task. Manual formulation and Linear Programming encounter difficulty to solve this problem. Furthermore, the complexity of laying hen diet problem is change through ingredient choices. Thus, an advanced technique to enhance formula quality is a vital necessity. This paper proposes the Multi-Swarm Particle Swarm Optimization (MSPSO) to enhance the diversity of particles and prevent premature convergence in PSO. MSPSO work cooperatively and competitively to optimize laying hen diet and produce improved and stable formula than Genetic Algorithm, Hybridization of Adaptive Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing, and Standard Particle Swarm Optimization with less time complexity. In addition, swarm size, iteration, and inertia weight parameters are investigated and show that swarm size of 50 for each sub-swarm, total iteration of 16,000, and inertia weight of 6.0 should be used as a good parameter for MSPSO to optimize laying hen diet

The Effect of Addition Pineapple Peel Meal (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) in Diet on Total Egg and Egg Duck Quality

The aim of this research was to study the effect of addition pinneapple peel meal in diet on total egg and egg quality duck. Materials of the research were 60 mojosari ducks at seven months old. The treatment of pineapple peel meal addition in diet were treatment on level of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%. Variable were numbers of egg, egg shell thickness, fat and cholesterol egg yolk. The datas were analyzed using ANOVA from Randomized Block Design (RBD), if the result had significant effect, would be continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that an addition pineapple peel meal in  duck diet had no effect (P>0,05) on numbers of egg and thick of egg shell, however, it had  highly significant effect (P<0,01) on fat  and  cholesterol  egg  yolk . The concluded showed that the addition of pineaple peel meal  in ducks diet can be decreasing fat and cholesterol egg yolk and can not decreasing numbers of egg and egg shell tick. Keywords: Mojosari ducks, total egg, egg shell thick, egg yolk fat, and egg yolk cholestero

Effect of Using Tapioca By-Product and Tofu Waste Fermented With A Mix Culture of Aspergillus Niger and Rhizopus Oligosporus as A Substitute for Corn on Physical Qualities by Broiler

The experiment was conducted to evaluate physical quality of meat in broiler fed diets with addition of tapioca by-product and tofu waste fermented with a combination Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oligosporus as a substitution for corn. Two hundred DOC’s unsex Lohmann Platinum strain were randomly divided into 25 groups containing eight birds each. Experiment was designed by using “Completely Randomized Design” with five treatments, replicated five times. The treatments of feed used were P0 = basal diet + corn P1 = basal diet + Corn subtituted 5% OAF, P2 = basal diet + Corn subtituted 10% OAF, P3 = basal diet + Corn subtituted 15% OAF, P4 = basal diet + Corn subtituted 20% OAF. Chickens were raised for 35 days. Drinking water and feed were given ad libitum. Meat samples (Pectoralis superficialis) were taken to determine the physical qualities of meat. The results showed that addition of OAF did not exertisignificant effect on carcass presentage, pH, water-holding capacity, and cooking loss of meat of broiler. The conclusion was that the additional of OAF cannot improve the quality of physical broiler meat. The best result showed at third treatment with 15% OAF substitution of feed

The Effects of Different Sources of Protein on the Growth Performance and Digestibility Protein of Local Chickens Crossbreed: A Meta-analysis

A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of different sources of energy on the growth performance and digestibility protein of local chickens crossbreed. A dataset was constructed based on relevant published papers. An algorithm was constructed from 2015 to 2023, with a search in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline using the MESH terms “chicken”, “digestibility”, “local chicken”, “performance”, and “nutrient digestibility”. After careful evaluation, the final dataset consisted of 8 in-vivo studies comprising 31 treatment units. The data analysis and coding were performed using software R version 4.2.1 “Funny-looking kid” computing with library mode (cowplot); (tidyverse); and (viridis); and (nlme). Our meta-analysis with regard to growth performance, the different sources of protein did not affect the body weight, FCR, body weight gain (BWG), final body weight (FBW), and feed intake (FI) (p > 0.05).  In conclusion, the different source of protein negatively affects parameters for growth performance and nutrient digestibility in local chicken crossbreeds

Optimization of Broiler Chicken Feed Mix Using Evolution Strategies

Mixing chicken feed using some feed ingredients is a difficult task. The process must ensure that the feed mixing fulfill the nutrient requirement and the constraint. Some approaches, such as the Pearson’s Square have been introduced to solve this problem. However, these approaches fail to fulfill the nutrient requirements and desirable price. This study proposed the use of Evolution Strategies to address the negative solutions and fulfill the optimum feed composition requirements. This method resulted in a broiler chicken feed mix that meets the nutritional requirements with the minimum cost with best composition, which resulted in the fitness value of 0.15023 and price Rp. 3,185/chicken/2 weeks