Studi Perubahan Garis Pantai dengan Pendekatan Penginderaan Jauh di Wilayah Pesisir Kecamatan Soropia

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di sepanjang garis pantai Kecamatan Soropia selama satu bulan yaitu pada bulan Oktober 2014 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui dan memetakan Perubahan garis pantai di wilayah pesisir Kecamatan Soropia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode tumpang susun citra satelit Landsat 5 TM tahun 1990, 7 ETM+ tahun 2002 dan 8 OLI/TIRS tahun 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara umum Perubahan garis pantai yang terjadi disepanjang wilayah pesisir Kecamatan Soropia pada tahun 1990 – 2014 (24 tahun) berupa akresi dan abrasi. Perubahan garis pantai tipe akresi terjadi di Desa Sorue Jaya, Tapulaga, Leppe, Bajo Indah, Mekar, Bajoe, Bokori, Telaga Biru, Atowatu, Sawapudo, Soropia, Waworaha dan Kelurahan Toronipa. Perubahan garis pantai tipe abrasi terjadi di Desa Sorue Jaya, Tapulaga, Bajoe, Bokori, Telaga Biru, Atowatu, Sawapudo, Soropia, Waworaha dan Kelurahan Toronipa. Perubahan garis pantai yang terjadi di Kecamatan Soropia diduga disebabkan oleh perbedaan karakteristik pantai (faktor alam) yang bersifat semi terbuka terhadap dinamika perairan yang mendapatkan pengaruh dari gelombang secara langsung. Disamping karakteristik pantai, Perubahan garis pantai di Kecamatan Soropia juga diduga disebabkan oleh aktifitas manusia yang melakukan penimbunan pantai untuk keperluan pemukiman, pariwisata, pelabuhan dan pembuatan bangunan pelindung pantai (faktor antropogenik)

Physiological and Behavioral Responses of Heifers that Graze Tall Fescue Infected by Wild-type or Novel Endophytes

Fescue toxicosis presents serious challenges and huge economic losses to the beef industry in the U.S. Replacing tall fescue (TF) infected by wild-type endophyte (WE) with TF infected by novel endophyte can eliminate this problem but adoption of this technology has been limited. We aimed at demonstrating the physiological and behavioral responses of heifers that grazed either WE or NE TF using relatively non-invasive techniques. Angus or Angus cross heifers (n = 24) were assigned to either WE or NE pastures for a 56-d grazing period during the summers of 2020 and 2021. Heifer ADG and hair retention scores were recorded once every 4 weeks and intravaginal temperatures were recorded for two consecutive days at this interval. Extremity temperatures were determined using thermographic imaging and hair was collected from the left rump for cortisol analysis. Animal behavior was detected using time-lapse trail cameras. The overall ADG of heifers that grazed NE was greater (p = 0.0160) compared to heifers that grazed WE in 2020, but not in 2021 (p = 0.9623). Hair retention was greater for heifers that grazed WE compared to heifers that grazed NE (p = 0.0029). Heifers that grazed WE TF had lower (p ≤ 0.0075) temperatures at ears, tails, and hooves and 0.3-0.9 °C greater intravaginal temperatures than heifers that grazed NE, especially during daytime. Hair cortisol levels of heifers that grazed WE were greater (p \u3c 0.0001) compared to heifers that grazed NE. From 1200h-1700h each day, heifers on WE pasture spent 1.5 more (p = 0.0003) hours loafing and 0.9 fewer (p = 0.0402) hours lying down than heifers on NE pastures. These results suggest that heat stress and other physiological changes in heifers grazing WE could be mitigated by renovating pastures with NE TF

The 1.2 A resolution crystal structure of TcpG, the Vibrio cholerae DsbA disulfide-forming protein required for pilus and cholera-toxin production

The enzyme TcpG is a periplasmic protein produced by the Gram-negative pathogen Vibrio cholerae. TcpG is essential for the production of ToxR-regulated proteins, including virulence-factor pilus proteins and cholera toxin, and is therefore a target for the development of a new class of anti-virulence drugs. Here, the 1.2 Å resolution crystal structure of TcpG is reported using a cryocooled crystal. This structure is compared with a previous crystal structure determined at 2.1 Å resolution from data measured at room temperature. The new crystal structure is the first DsbA crystal structure to be solved at a sufficiently high resolution to allow the inclusion of refined H atoms in the model. The redox properties of TcpG are also reported, allowing comparison of its oxidoreductase activity with those of other DSB proteins. One of the defining features of the Escherichia coli DsbA enzyme is its destabilizing disulfide, and this is also present in TcpG. The data presented here provide new insights into the structure and redox properties of this enzyme, showing that the binding mode identified between E. coli DsbB and DsbA is likely to be conserved in TcpG and that the [beta]5-[alpha]7 loop near the proposed DsbB binding site is flexible, and suggesting that the tense oxidized conformation of TcpG may be the consequence of a short contact at the active site that is induced by disulfide formation and is relieved by reduction

SCFAs Induce Mouse Neutrophil Chemotaxis through the GPR43 Receptor

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have recently attracted attention as potential mediators of the effects of gut microbiota on intestinal inflammation. Some of these effects have been suggested to occur through the direct actions of SCFAs on the GPR43 receptor in neutrophils, though the precise role of this receptor in neutrophil activation is still unclear. We show that mouse bone marrow derived neutrophils (BMNs) can chemotax effectively through polycarbonate filters towards a source of acetate, propionate or butyrate. Moreover, we show that BMNs move with good speed and directionality towards a source of propionate in an EZ-Taxiscan chamber coated with fibrinogen. These effects of SCFAs were mimicked by low concentrations of the synthetic GPR43 agonist phenylacetamide-1 and were abolished in GPR43−/− BMNs. SCFAs and phenylacetamide-1 also elicited GPR43-dependent activation of PKB, p38 and ERK and these responses were sensitive to pertussis toxin, indicating a role for Gi proteins. Phenylacetamide-1 also elicited rapid and transient activation of Rac1/2 GTPases and phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. Genetic and pharmacological intervention identified important roles for PI3Kγ, Rac2, p38 and ERK, but not mTOR, in GPR43-dependent chemotaxis. These results identify GPR43 as a bona fide chemotactic receptor for neutrophils in vitro and start to define important elements in its signal transduction pathways

Methyltransferase Dnmt3a upregulates HDAC9 to deacetylate the kinase TBK1 for activation of antiviral innate immunity

The DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a has high expression in terminally differentiated macrophages; however, its role in innate immunity remains unknown. Here we report that deficiency in Dnmt3a selectively impaired the production of type I interferons triggered by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), but not that of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6. Dnmt3a-deficient mice exhibited enhanced susceptibility to viral challenge. Dnmt3a did not directly regulate the transcription of genes encoding type I interferons; instead, it increased the production of type I interferons through an epigenetic mechanism by maintaining high expression of the histone deacetylase HDAC9. In turn, HDAC9 directly maintained the deacetylation status of the key PRR signaling molecule TBK1 and enhanced its kinase activity. Our data add mechanistic insight into the crosstalk between epigenetic modifications and post-translational modifications in the regulation of PRR signaling and activation of antiviral innate immune responses

How to Make the Invisible Women of STEM Visible

Although women make up more than 50 % of the population, they have long been an under-represented minority in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). In chemistry, for example, only five of a total of 181 Nobel prizes (2.8 %) awarded over more than 100 years have been bestowed upon women. Closer to home, Professor Frances Separovic-the subject of this special issue of Aust. J. Chem.-was the first woman chemist elected to the Fellowship of the Australian Academy of Science. That happened very recently, in 2012. At that point in time, the Academy had been electing Fellows for nearly 60 years. The lack of visible female role models and the absence of women in prominent scientific positions may be one reason why girls and young women do not see STEM as a viable career option. After all, if you can\u27t see it, how can you be it? Here, we present personal accounts of our two quite different research career paths-one starting in 2010 that included a significant career disruption, the other starting 20 years earlier in 1990. We describe the challenges we have faced as women in a testosterone-rich environment, and the circumstances that allowed us to continue. We provide suggestions for addressing systemic, organisational, and social barriers to the progression of women in STEM

Insights into Improving Risk and Safety Communication through Environmental Health Literacy

Messages and materials developed to communicate risk to the public are often misunder-stood because the public misperceives risk, science information is too complex, leading to audience misunderstandings, and an overarching focus on the details of the problem without supplying solutions or actions to keep the public safe. This article describes the creation of a communication model to improve risk communication that includes safety information. The authors describe essential components of Risk and Safety Communication based on features of Environmental Health Literacy (EHL), which informed the creation of a protocol for developing risk communication messages and materials. An online training module was developed to aid communicators in creating information to enable the public to protect themselves, their family, and their community, leading to improved comprehension of how the environment impacts health. These principles were developed in a series of focus groups, identifying how the public perceives risk, how they prefer to receive communication, and how participants respond to materials developed using the principles. Important topics discussed are understanding the literacy levels of the target audience, applying that understanding to developing messages, how risk perception leads to misperceptions and how to address those misperceptions by using plain language when developing focused messages and materials. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Prediction of Burkholderia pseudomallei DsbA substrates identifies potential virulence factors and vaccine targets.

Identification of bacterial virulence factors is critical for understanding disease pathogenesis, drug discovery and vaccine development. In this study we used two approaches to predict virulence factors of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the Gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis. B. pseudomallei is naturally antibiotic resistant and there are no clinically available melioidosis vaccines. To identify B. pseudomallei protein targets for drug discovery and vaccine development, we chose to search for substrates of the B. pseudomallei periplasmic disulfide bond forming protein A (DsbA). DsbA introduces disulfide bonds into extra-cytoplasmic proteins and is essential for virulence in many Gram-negative organism, including B. pseudomallei. The first approach to identify B. pseudomallei DsbA virulence factor substrates was a large-scale genomic analysis of 511 unique B. pseudomallei disease-associated strains. This yielded 4,496 core gene products, of which we hypothesise 263 are DsbA substrates. Manual curation and database screening of the 263 mature proteins yielded 81 associated with disease pathogenesis or virulence. These were screened for structural homologues to predict potential B-cell epitopes. In the second approach, we searched the B. pseudomallei genome for homologues of the more than 90 known DsbA substrates in other bacteria. Using this approach, we identified 15 putative B. pseudomallei DsbA virulence factor substrates, with two of these previously identified in the genomic approach, bringing the total number of putative DsbA virulence factor substrates to 94. The two putative B. pseudomallei virulence factors identified by both methods are homologues of PenI family β-lactamase and a molecular chaperone. These two proteins could serve as high priority targets for future B. pseudomallei virulence factor characterization

An analysis on the effects of economic indicators on the movements of real interest rates of the Philippine 91-day treasury bill

The study analyzed the effects of economic indicators on the movement of the real interest rate of the Philippine 91- Day Treasury Bill. This paper identified which among the selected economic variables significantly affect the real interest rates of the said instrument. In this study, the researchers aimed to (1.) determine through the use of regression the effect of the economic indicators on the real interest rate of the Philippine 91-day Treasury bill, (2.) determine which among the selected economic indicators significantly affect the real interest rate of the Philippine 91-day Treasury bill, (3.) measure through the coefficients of the economic indicators, as evident in the regression equation, the level of effect that each economic indicators have on the movements of the real interest rate of the Philippine 91-day Treasury bill, (4.) establish and use a regression equation in predicting the real interest rate of the Philippine 91-day Treasury bill, and (5.) generate a statistical test that would conclude whether the economic indicators\u27 level of effect on interest rates in other countries is the same as to that of the Philippines. The researchers limited their study to five economic indicators which are the inflation rate, gross national product, money supply, required reserves and dollar peso exchange rate. These variables were chosen based from theories and considerable studies made in the past. The researchers used multiple regression in examining the effects of the mentioned economic indicators to the real interest rate. Results showed that from the five variables chosen, inflation rate and money supply were the significant variables in determining real interest rates