9,247 research outputs found
The bearable lightness of being
How are philosophical questions about what kinds of things there are to be understood and how are they to be answered? This paper defends broadly Fregean answers to these questions. Ontological categories-such as object, property, and relation-are explained in terms of a prior logical categorization of expressions, as singular terms, predicates of varying degree and level, etc. Questions about what kinds of object, property, etc., there are are, on this approach, reduce to questions about truth and logical form: for example, the question whether there are numbers is the question whether there are true atomic statements in which expressions function as singular terms which, if they have reference at all, stand for numbers, and the question whether there are properties of a given type is a question about whether there are meaningful predicates of an appropriate degree and level. This approach is defended against the objection that it must be wrong because makes what there depend on us or our language. Some problems confronting the Fregean approach-including Frege's notorious paradox of the concept horse-are addressed. It is argued that the approach results in a modest and sober deflationary understanding of ontological commitments
Relation between potassium and the malate and tartrate contents of grape berries
The relationship between potassium and malate and tartrate in grape berries was investigated in fruit from Shiraz vines grown in the glasshouse and from fieldgrown Sultana vines. The potassium content of Shiraz berries was varied by varying the potassium supply and that of the Sultana berries by use of rootstocks.No relations)lip between potassium and malate or tartrate during the acid accumulating stage of berry development was found. However, a direct relationship between potassium and malate developed during ripening. No relationship between potassium and tartrate in ripe berries Was seen. A possible causal relationship between potassium and malate concentrations in ripe grapes is discussed.Ripe Sultana grapes grown on the Vitis champini rootstocks, Dog Ridge and Salt Creek, had higher potassium and malate contents, higher titratable acidity and higher pH values than grapes grown on their own roots. Values for grapes grown on 101-14 and Teleki C stocks were intermediate. The enological significance of these results is discussed.Beziehungen zwischen der Kaliumversorgung und dem Malat- und Tartratgehalt von TraubenbeerenDie Beziehungen zwischen Kalium und Malat bzw. Tartrat in Traubenbeeren wurden bei Shiraz-Trauben aus dem Gewächshaus und Sultana-Trauben aus dem Freiland untersucht. Bei den Shiraz-Beeren wurde der Kaliumgehalt über die Düngung, bei den Sultana-Beeren durch Verwendung unterschiedlicher Unterlagen variiert.Zur Zeit der Säureakkumulation wurde in den Beeren keine Beziehung zwischen Kalium und Malat oder Tartrat gefunden. Während der Reife zeichnete sich jedoch eine unmittelbare Beziehung zwischen Kalium und Malat ab. Zwischen Kalium und Tartrat wurde in den reifen Beeren keine Beziehung festgestellt: Eine denkbare ursächliche Beziehung zwischen dem Kalium- und Malatgehalt der reifen Trauben wird diskutiert. Reife Sultana-Trauben hatten auf den Vitis-champini-Unterlagen Dog Ridge und Salt Creek einen höheren Kalium- und Malatgehalt, mehr titrierbare Säure und höheren pH als Trauben von wurzelechten Reben. Auf den Unterlagen 101-14 und Teleki C gezogene Trauben zeigten mittlere Werte. Die önologische Bedeutung dieser Ergebnisse wird diskutiert
Granular fertiliser
There is general agreement that granulation of fertilisers improves their physical characteristics with respect to handling, storage and distribution in the field. These physical advantages rather tan any established agronomic reason appear to be responsible for the increasing use of granular fertiliser
lnfluence of Salt Creek rootstock on composition and quality of Shiraz grapes and wine
Salt Creek rootstock modified the composition and quality of Shiraz grapes and wine. At harvest, grapes from vines grown on Salt Creek stock had a higher pH and higher levels of titratable acidity, malate and potassium and a lower level of soluble solids than grapes from vines grown on their own roots. Wines made from these grapes showed similar differences in composition. In addition, wines made from vines on Salt Creek had lower concentrations of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins (total and ionised) and chloride than wines from ungrafted vines. The Salt Creek wines were less dense in colour, duller in hue and had a greater "chemical age". Sensory evaluations also revealed differences between the wines. Wines from vines on Salt Creek were scored lower than the wines from ungrafted vines. Only part of the difference was due to colour. Der Einfluß der Unterlage Salt Creek auf die Zusammensetzung und Qualität von Trauben und Wein der Sorte ShirazDie Unterlage Salt Creek modifizierte die Zusammensetzung und Qualität der Trauben und des Weines der Rebsorte Shiraz. Bei der Ernte hatten die Trauben auf Salt-Creek-Unterlage einen höheren pH-Wert und höhere Gehalte an titrierbarer Säure, Malat und Kalium, aber weniger lösliche Trockensubstanz als die Trauben wurzelechter Shiraz-Reben. Die aus diesen Trauben hergestellten Weine zeigten in ihrer Zusammensetzung ähnliche Unterschiede. Darüber hinaus hatten Weine von Pfropfreben niedrigere Konzentrationen an phenolischen Verbindungen, Anthocyanen (insgesamt und ionisiert) sowie Chloriden als Weine von wurzelechten Reben. Die Salt-Creek-Weine hatten eine weniger intensive Färbung, einen stumpferen Farbton und ein höheres „chemisches Alter". Auch bei der sensorischen Prüfung wurden Unterschiede zwischen diesen Weinen festgestellt. Die Weine von Reben auf Salt Creek wurden niedriger bewertet als Weine von wurzelechten Reben. Die unterschiedliche Beurteilung war nur teilweise auf Färbungsunterschiede zurückzuführen
Measurements at low energies of the polarization-transfer coefficient Kyy' for the reaction 3H(p,n)3He at 0 degrees
Measurements of the transverse polarization coefficient Kyy' for the reaction
3H(p,n)3He are reported for outgoing neutron energies of 1.94, 5.21, and 5.81
MeV. This reaction is important both as a source of polarized neutrons for
nuclear physics experiments, and as a test of theoretical descriptions of the
nuclear four-body system. Comparison is made to previous measurements,
confirming the 3H(p,n)3He reaction can be used as a polarized neutron source
with the polarization known to an accuracy of approximately 5%. Comparison to
R-matrix theory suggests that the sign of the 3F3 phase-shift parameter is
incorrect. Changing the sign of this parameter dramatically improves the
agreement between theory and experiment.Comment: 12 pages, RevTeX, 5 eps figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
The environment and host haloes of the brightest z~6 Lyman-break galaxies
By studying the large-scale structure of the bright high-redshift Lyman-break
galaxy (LBG) population it is possible to gain an insight into the role of
environment in galaxy formation physics in the early Universe. We measure the
clustering of a sample of bright (-22.7<M_UV<-21.125) LBGs at z~6 and use a
halo occupation distribution (HOD) model to measure their typical halo masses.
We find that the clustering amplitude and corresponding HOD fits suggests that
these sources are highly biased (b~8) objects in the densest regions of the
high-redshift Universe. Coupled with the observed rapid evolution of the number
density of these objects, our results suggest that the shape of high luminosity
end of the luminosity function is related to feedback processes or dust
obscuration in the early Universe - as opposed to a scenario where these
sources are predominantly rare instances of the much more numerous M_UV ~ -19
population of galaxies caught in a particularly vigorous period of star
formation. There is a slight tension between the number densities and
clustering measurements, which we interpret this as a signal that a refinement
of the model halo bias relation at high redshifts or the incorporation of
quasi-linear effects may be needed for future attempts at modelling the
clustering and number counts. Finally, the difference in number density between
the fields (UltraVISTA has a surface density ~1.8 times greater than UDS) is
shown to be consistent with the cosmic variance implied by the clustering
measurements.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, accepted MNRAS 23rd March 201
Equatorial X-rays and their effect on the lower mesosphere
On the night of May 23/24, 1975, a sequence of rocket and balloon experiments was launched from Chilca Base, Peru (12.5 deg S, 76.8 deg W, magnetic dip = - 0.7 deg). Detailed analysis and comparisons of the data yielded the first direct measurement of lower mesospheric response to a galactic X-ray source. This result could only have been determined at the equator, where cosmic ray background effects are minimal. The objective of the experiments was to seek out the equatorial energetic electron belt, sporadically reported to contain fluxes near auroral levels, measure the bremsstrahlung radiation produced by this particle belt, and determine the influence of this radiation on the middle atmosphere. High altitude rocket payloads (Nike Tomahawk 18.170 and 18.171) were launched to probe the thermosphere during and following the anticipated downward drift period. Each carried an on-axis X-ray scintillation detector and Geiger Mueller energetic electron detectors. Magnetometers and lunar sensors were used to determine payload aspect
Cardiac Output Dependency on Exercising Muscle Mass During Ergometer Exercise in Healthy Women
Please refer to the pdf version of the abstract located adjacent to the title
Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of neutron-alpha scattering
We describe a new method to treat low-energy scattering problems in
few-nucleon systems, and we apply it to the five-body case of neutron-alpha
scattering. The method allows precise calculations of low-lying resonances and
their widths. We find that a good three-nucleon interaction is crucial to
obtain an accurate description of neutron-alpha scattering.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letter
A Variational Principle for Eigenvalue Problems of Hamiltonian Systems
We consider the bifurcation problem with two point
boundary conditions where is a general nonlinear term which may also
depend on the eigenvalue . We give a variational characterization of
the bifurcating branch as a function of the amplitude of the
solution. As an application we show how it can be used to obtain simple
approximate closed formulae for the period of large amplitude oscillations.Comment: 10 pages Revtex, 2 figures include
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