Depletion-Isolation Effect in Vertical MOSFETs During the Transition From Partial to Fully Depleted Operation

A simulation study is made of floating-body effects (FBEs) in vertical MOSFETs due to depletion isolation as the pillar thickness is reduced from 200 to 10 nm. For pillar thicknesses between 200–60 nm, the output characteristics with and without impact ionization are identical at a low drain bias and then diverge at a high drain bias. The critical drain bias Vdc for which the increased drain–current is observed is found to decrease with a reduction in pillar thickness. This is explained by the onset of FBEs at progressively lower values of the drain bias due to the merging of the drain depletion regions at the bottom of the pillar (depletion isolation). For pillar thicknesses between 60–10 nm, the output characteristics show the opposite behavior, namely, the critical drain bias increases with a reduction in pillar thickness. This is explained by a reduction in the severity of the FBEs due to the drain debiasing effect caused by the elevated body potential. Both depletion isolation and gate–gate coupling contribute to the drain–current for pillar thicknesses between 100–40 nm

Nuclear Isospin Diffusivity

The isospin diffusion and other irreversible phenomena are discussed for a two-component nuclear Fermi system. The set of Boltzmann transport equations, such as employed for reactions, are linearized, for weak deviations of a system from uniformity, in order to arrive at nonreversible fluxes linear in the nonuniformities. Besides the diffusion driven by a concentration gradient, also the diffusion driven by temperature and pressure gradients is considered. Diffusivity, conductivity, heat conduction and shear viscosity coefficients are formally expressed in terms of the responses of distribution functions to the nonuniformities. The linearized Boltzmann-equation set is solved, under the approximation of constant form-factors in the distribution-function responses, to find concrete expressions for the transport coefficients in terms of weighted collision integrals. The coefficients are calculated numerically for nuclear matter, using experimental nucleon-nucleon cross sections. The isospin diffusivity is inversely proportional to the neutron-proton cross section and is also sensitive to the symmetry energy. At low temperatures in symmetric matter, the diffusivity is directly proportional to the symmetry energy.Comment: 35 pages, 1 table, 5 figures, accepted by PRC, (v3) changes in response to the referee's comments, discussion for isospin diffusion process in heavy-ion reactions, fig. 5 shows results from a two different isospin depndent uclear equation of state, and a new reference adde

Positivity of Lyapunov exponents for a continuous matrix-valued Anderson model

We study a continuous matrix-valued Anderson-type model. Both leading Lyapunov exponents of this model are proved to be positive and distinct for all ernergies in $(2,+\infty)$ except those in a discrete set, which leads to absence of absolutely continuous spectrum in $(2,+\infty)$. This result is an improvement of a previous result with Stolz. The methods, based upon a result by Breuillard and Gelander on dense subgroups in semisimple Lie groups, and a criterion by Goldsheid and Margulis, allow for singular Bernoulli distributions

Kajian Arsitektur Vernakular pada Bangunan di Kampung Mahmud

Kampung Mahmud is one of the villages in Indonesia. Normally an indigenous village generally have distinctive features and special rules one of them is building. The building was established following the climate, culture, environment and materials, religion/beliefs, tradition law, science and technology at the time. Based on these, so Kampung Mahmud can be regarded as a vernacular village. Simplicity that highlighted of building be a characterize of building typology which existing in Kampung Mahmud. Nowadays building typologi in Kampung Mahmud has changes a lot started with the times. By qualitative research methods, survey, observations and interviews with relevant parties, obtained aspects that influence the development of the alteration building typology in Kampung Mahmud

Cryogenic Powdering Machine With Fuzzy Logic System

Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumber daya alam. Berbagai aspek mulai dari letak geografis, iklim, intensitas cahaya dan kelembapan sangatlah mendukung semua kegiatan pertanian di Indonesia, Namun dengan melimpahnya produk hasil pertanian harus diikuti dengan pemanfaatan produk hasil pertanian tersebut secara optimal. Untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan pada pengolahan hasil pertanian salah satu caranya adalah dengan cara pembubukan bahan makanan sebelum disimpan, tetapi saat ini cara tersebut masih menggunakan alat dan metode konvensional. Kami merancang suatu alat dengan sistem Cryogenic Powdering yang bekerja dengan teknologi logika fuzzy (Fuzzy Logic) yang mampu mengolah produk pertanian menjadi produk olahan dalam bentuk bubuk yang dapat bertahan lama tanpa bahan pengawet dan juga sangat hemat energi. Metode cryogenic adalah metode pengolahan bahan makanan pada suhu sangat rendah (<- 1900 C). Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan yaitu dengan studi masalah kemudian melakukan pembahasan dan pencarian solusi, perancangan alat, uji coba, koreksi hasil, penerapan kepada mitra, pelaporan hasil akhir dan dokumentasi. Hasil yang diperoleh dari alat cryogenic dengan dilengkapi sistem fuzzy logic ini yaitu pengolahan bahan makanan menjadi jauh lebih singkat waktunya, lebih hemat bahan bakar atau energi yang dibutuhkan sekitar 30% dan juga hasil olahan yang memiliki kualitas jauh lebih baik dibandingkan dengan bahan makanan hasil olahan dengan alat konvensional dari segi kualitas kadar air, rasa, warna, dan baunya. Penerapan mesin cryogenic ini sangat cocok diterapkan pada masyarakat di Indonesia yang memiliki permasahan pada proses pengolahan bahan makanan dan penumpukan hasil panen

Fracture driven by a Thermal Gradient

Motivated by recent experiments by Yuse and Sano (Nature, 362, 329 (1993)), we propose a discrete model of linear springs for studying fracture in thin and elastically isotropic brittle films. The method enables us to draw a map of the stresses in the material. Cracks generated by the model, imposing a moving thermal gradient in the material, can branch or wiggle depending on the driving parameters. The results may be used to compare with other recent theoretical work, or to design future experiments.Comment: RevTeX file (9 pages) and 5 postscript figure

‘If you look the part you’ll get the job’: should career professionals help clients to enhance their career image?

This article presents a critical exploration of the role of career professionals in supporting people to reflect on and enhance their appearance, attractiveness and self-presentation (career image). The article is conceptual and based on a review of the broader literature on career success, appearance and attractiveness. It explores the evidence for a relationship between attractiveness and career, and the authors propose a conceptual framework in which career image is comprised of three elements (interpersonal skills, aesthetic presentation and beauty). The paper examines a possible role for career professionals in relation to this and then critically examines this role and concludes with the proposition of a research agenda in this area

Households’ responses to spousal job loss: ‘all change’ or ‘carry on as usual’?

Economic theory suggests that when a primary earner within a couple loses their job, one potential response is for the secondary earner to seek additional paid work to bolster their household finances. The empirical quantitative evidence regarding any such ‘added worker effect’ is mixed, and, to investigate why this might be, the article explores processes behind couples’ responses to job loss. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with a purposive sample selected from the Understanding Society Innovation Panel, the analysis examines: (a) anticipation surrounding job loss and job search responses; (b) the extent to which couples adopt long- or short-term labour market perspectives; and (c) whether couples seek to preserve their established division of paid and unpaid labour or re-configure their joint labour supply. Findings indicate that the use of additional spousal labour is only one response among many alternatives and it is typically invoked in cases of serious financial hardship. </jats:p

Kinematic reduction of reaction-diffusion fronts with multiplicative noise: Derivation of stochastic sharp-interface equations

We study the dynamics of generic reaction-diffusion fronts, including pulses and chemical waves, in the presence of multiplicative noise. We discuss the connection between the reaction-diffusion Langevin-like field equations and the kinematic (eikonal) description in terms of a stochastic moving-boundary or sharp-interface approximation. We find that the effective noise is additive and we relate its strength to the noise parameters in the original field equations, to first order in noise strength, but including a partial resummation to all orders which captures the singular dependence on the microscopic cutoff associated to the spatial correlation of the noise. This dependence is essential for a quantitative and qualitative understanding of fluctuating fronts, affecting both scaling properties and nonuniversal quantities. Our results predict phenomena such as the shift of the transition point between the pushed and pulled regimes of front propagation, in terms of the noise parameters, and the corresponding transition to a non-KPZ universality class. We assess the quantitative validity of the results in several examples including equilibrium fluctuations, kinetic roughening, and the noise-induced pushed-pulled transition, which is predicted and observed for the first time. The analytical predictions are successfully tested against rigorous results and show excellent agreement with numerical simulations of reaction-diffusion field equations with multiplicative noise.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure