Demiryolu hat geometrisi bozulmasının bilgi sistemler destekli modellenmesi

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has been proving its capability as a powerful management system in railways. Currently, there are many studies focused on the way to enhancing existing GIS approaches to enable the complete range of capabilities needed in railways research and management. Costs of permanent way and its M&R are substantial and form a large part of the total infrastructure expenditure. Any reduction of these costs has a significant impact on the overall efficiency of the management of infrastructure. The process of determining whether, when, where and how to intervene and deciding on an optimum allocation of resources and minimizing the cost is a very complex problem. The main goal of this study is to model track geometry deterioration and to operate the deterioration model on GIS environment for efficient railway track maintenance and renewal management. In this study, Turkish State Railways were transferred into GIS environment to develop database and to realize analysis. A model length of about 180 kilometers was divided into analyses segments. The length of the individual analyses segments considered was the minimum basic length. For each basic analyses segment, the general information was provided as far as possible. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to estimate the coefficients of track geometry parameters and the findings were transferred into GIS environment for efficient track maintenance and renewal management. Keywords: Analysis segment, track geometry, track geometry deterioration, multivariate statistical analysis, geographical information systems. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı, demiryolu hat geometrisi bozulmasını modellemek ve elde edilen modeli daha etkin ve verimli bir demiryolu hat bakım-yenileme yönetimi sağlamak için CBS ortamında çalıştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları, veri tabanı oluşturmak ve analizler yapmak için CBS ortamına aktarılmıştır. Yaklaşık 180 km uzunluğunda ki demiryolu hattı analiz kesimlerine bölünmüştür. Göz önüne alınan her bir analiz kesimi en küçük temel uzunluğa sahiptir. Her bir temel analiz kesimi için, mümkün olan tüm genel hat verisi sağlanmıştır. Çok değişkenli istatistik analiz yapılarak hat geometrisi parametrelerinin katsayıları tahmin edilmiş ve sonuçlar verimli hat bakım-yenileme yönetimi sağlamak için CBS ortamına aktarılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Analiz kesimi, hat geometrisi, hat geometrisi bozulması, çok değişkenli istatistik analiz, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri.&nbsp

Macroeconomic Facts for Telecom Industry in MINT Countries

AbstractThis paper proposes an overview of macroeconomic correlation between telecom investments and the GDP of MINT countries. MINT countries are Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey and the term has populated by Goldman Sachs, who has also created a relatively more referred term BRICS. The paper holds a specialized literature for each of MINT countries and then proposes a statistical model for correlation analysis, which is built on three well-known correlation coefficient calculation, Kendall's Tau, Spearman's Rho and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation. The results show a high correlation between the telecom investment and the GDP for each of the countries, but the correlation coefficient differs from country to country. For example the highest correlation monitored is in Nigeria with about 70% and the lowest correlation is in Indonesia with about 44%

Archeogeophysical Studies in The Sultan Ahmet (Blue) Mosque

Bu çalışmada İstanbul Fatih ilçesinde bulunan Sultan Ahmet Camii’nin içinde, dış avlularda, tüm alt bahçe alanlarında ve dış parsellerde gerçekleştirilen yeraltı haritalama çalışmaları anlatılmaktadır. Mayıs-Temmuz 2011 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen arazi ölçümleri ve saha çalışmaları sonucunda Sultan Ahmet Camii oturum sahasının yaklaşık 30 metre derinliğe kadar olan kısımların yeraltı haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Bu sayede daha önce varlığından emin olunamayan çok sayıda yapay ve doğal yer içi oluşumu haritalanması ve (3B) yeriçi modellerinin oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır

Monthly Trend Investıgatıon of the Dıscharge of a Stream in Cache County. Utah.

Discharge values of streams are critical for planning the water resources of basins. Discharge values of streams may change due to many reasons such as climatological effects or human-related issues. It is essential to make estimations about the discharge values’ trends for more feasible constructions on streams. In this study, discharge monitoring station records of USGS were used to determine the trends over 50 years. The data set is belonging to the Logan River Above State Dam, Near Logan. UT station and it starts in 1971 and ends in 2020. Traditional Mann Kendall Spearman’s Rho and Sen’s slope statistical tests were used to determine the monthly trends. Additionally, a yearly investigation was performed by using the same statistical approaches. According to the obtained results, any significant trends were not detected in the yearly evaluation. However, in the monthly evaluation trends were detected for August and September

Arıburnu yalıtaşının (Gelibolu Yarımadası, Türkiye) kökeni ve yaşı üzerine

The beachrock formation on the Ariburnu coast situated in the Gelibolu Peninsula has been studied by field observation, thin-section interpretation, physicochemical analyses including ICP-AES and SEM/EDS, and OSL dating. These analyses reveal the presence of different amounts of major (Si, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Al and Na) and trace elements within the beachrock cement with Si (36.2%) and Ca (32.68%) dominating the overall composition. Beachrocks composed of highly-fractured and friable beds reach a total thickness of 80 cm extending from + 60 cm at the uppermost level down to-1 m at their most seaward extent and grade from conglomerate to lithic arkose in vertical section. The total amount of CaCO(3) ranges between 59.08% and 36% and the cement consists of high-Mg calcite based on EDS analysis. From SEM examination, four main morphologies were identified in cement material: (1) micritic coatings, (2) cryptocrystalline pore-filling cement, (3) meniscus cement and (4) microbial cement and suggest the presence of marine phreatic conditions with the exception of meniscus bridges, which imply that cementation may have been dominated by carbonate-rich meteoric waters at any successive stage of cementation. Five buried beachrock samples under unconsolidated beach sand were sampled for Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating and show that the minimum and maximum ages of beachrock are 1.42 +/- 0.20 ka and 2.28 +/- 0.28 ka BP, respectively.Bu çalışmada Gelibolu Yarımadası’nda, Arıburnu kıyılarındaki yalıtaşı oluşumu arazi verileri, ince kesit yorumlamaları, ICP-AES, EDS ve SEM analizleri ve OSL yaşlandırması ile ele alındı. Analizler yalıtaşı çimentosu içinde Si, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Al ve Na gibi ana ve iz elementlerin nispeten farklı oranlarda bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Bileşimde Si (36.2%) ve Ca (32.68%) egemendir. Yalıtaşları bol kırıklı ve kırılgan, toplam 80 cm tabaka kalınlığına sahip olup, en yüksek seviyede +60 cm’den deniz içinde –1 m’ye kadar takip edilirler. Düşey kesitte çakıltaşlarından litik arkoza geçişlidirler. Toplam CaCO3 miktarı 59.08% ve 36% arasında değişir. EDS analizlerine gore çimento maddesi yüksek magnezyum kalsittir. SEM analizlerine göre çimento maddesinde 4 ana morfoloji tanımlanmıştır; (1) mikritik tabakalar, (2) kriptokristalin boşluk dolgusu çimento, (3) menisküs çimento ve (4) mikrobial çimento. Bu çimentolar, çimentolanmanın izleyen bir devresinde karbonat bakımından zengin meteorik sularca meydana getirildiğini gösteren menisküs çimento hariç, denizel freatik koşullarda geliştiğini göstermektedir. Kıyı çizgisi gerisindeki plaj kumları altından çıkarılan 5 örneğin ‘optik uyarımlı ışınım tekniği (OSL)’ yöntemi ile yaşlandırması yapıldı. Analizler yalıtaşının oluşum yaşı için minimum 1.42±0.20 bin yıl ve maksimum 2.28±0.28 bin yıl yaşlarını vermektedir.Publisher's Versio

Numerical Analysis of the Flow Over the Dam Spillway

The determination of hydraulic parameters is very important in the design of the dam spillway structure. Hydraulic parameters are obtained by theoretical and empirical approaches according to the design flow discharge. In general, before the application project, tests are made on the hydraulic model and the design is given its final shape. Advanced numerical modeling techniques can be used in conjunction with or as an alternative to experimental studies. This study investigated hydraulic parameters in three dimensions under design flow in a dam spillway using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In the numerical model, the VOF method, which can solve two-phase flows, and the standard k-e turbulence model are used. Obtained results were compared with experimental results. It was determined that the experimental and numerical model results were quite compatible with each other

Relationship between hepatic and pancreatic steatosis and the COVID-19 pneumonia total severity score and prognosis with an emphasis on prognostic strength

PURPOSETo investigate the relationship between hepatic steatosis (HS), pancreatic steatosis (PS), and coexisting HS and PS and the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia total severity score (TSS) and prognosis, assessed through computed tomography (CT), and to evaluate the degree of effectiveness of the three steatosis conditions on TSS and prognosis.METHODSThis retrospective study involved 461 patients (255 male and 206 female, median age of 53 years) with COVID-19 who underwent unenhanced chest CT. HS, PS, and coexisting HS and PS, assessed through CT, were compared with patient demographics, comorbidities, TSS, hospitalization and intubation requirements, and mortality rates. The parameters were compared using Mann–Whitney U and chi-square tests. The parameters of three groups of patients with only HS, only PS, and both HS and PS were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test.RESULTSResults revealed that TSS (P < 0.001 for all) and hospitalization rates (P < 0.001 for all except for HS [P = 0.004]) were higher in patients with HS, PS, and both than in those without. Intubation (P = 0.003) and mortality rates (P = 0.018) were significantly higher solely in patients with PS. However, TSS, hospitalization, and diabetes mellitus were significantly higher than in age-standardized analyses for PS. In a comparison between only HS, only PS, and coexisting HS and PS in 210 patients, the highest TSS was in the coexistence group (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONThe TSS and hospitalization rates correlate with HS, PS, and coexisting HS and PS, whereas intubation and mortality rates only correlate with PS. However, TSS correlates with coexisting HS and PS at the highest rate

The protective effects of different treatments on rat salivary glands after radiotherapy

WOS: 000387700400056PubMed ID: 27324888This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment modalities for minimizing salivary gland damage caused by radiotherapy. Forty rats were divided into five groups. Group 1 had no irradiation or any treatment. Group 2 underwent only 15 Gy single dose radiotherapy. N-acetylcysteine, dexamethasone, hyperbaric oxygen treatment were given, respectively to the group 3, 4 and 5 for 5 days. 15 Gy single dose radiotherapy was applied to the group 3, 4 and 5 on the second day. Pyknosis, lysis, and vacuolization were examined in ductal cells and pyknosis, lysis, vacuolization, inflammation and collective duct damage in acinar cells. Dexamethasone and hyperbaric oxygen did not prove to have a positive effect on acinar and ductal cell. N-acetylcysteine-applied group had statistically significantly lower amount of damage. We determined that the decrease of ductal and acinar cell damage in parotid glands of N-acetylcysteine-applied rats was more distinct and statistically