The effect of different humidity level on cotton seed spilling and dispertion equability

In this study, the effect of five different humidity level of cotton seeds dispertion on a row in different cotton varieties were investigated by using pneumatic and mechanical sowing machine. According to getting data; the effect of humidity on the longitudinal seed spacing accuracy was found unimportant in pneumatic sowing machine however it was an important in mechanical sowing machine. There is no effect of humidity level on seed spilling.Bu çalışmada, pnömatik ve mekanik ekim makinalarında, farklı pamuk çeşitleri ve nem seviyelerinin sıra üzeri tohum dağılımına ve akıcılığa etkisi araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre nemin, sıra üzeri dağılım üzerine etkisi pnömatik ekim makinasında önemsiz; mekanik ekim makinasında ise önemli çıkmıştır. Nem seviyesinin tohumun akıcılığı üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi bulunmamıştır

Microsurgical anatomy of the cavernous sinus and limitations of surgical approaches: a cadaveric study

Background: The endoscopic endonasal approach is common in the treatment of pathologies in and around the cavernous sinus. This cadaveric study aims to examine the anatomy of the cavernous sinus to guide endoscopic studies and determine points to consider during surgical approaches. Materials and methods: For this study, a total of seven cadavers, four male and three female, were injected with colored silicone and dissections were performed under the microscope. The characteristics of the surgical corridors encountered during the transsphenoidal, transsellar and transcavernous approaches were examined and their images were recorded. Results: The stages and limitations of surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus in cadavers are presented. The anatomical features of the triangles defined in the cavernous sinus and the structures they contain are explained. The surgical field formed by clinoidal and anteromedial triangles was determined could be used effectively to reach cavernous sinus pathologies during endoscopic endonasal interventions. It was also observed that supratrochlear and infratrochlear triangles are dangerous for such surgical interventions. Conclusions: The detailed anatomical features revealed on the cadaver related to the cavernous sinus in our study are valuable in terms of preventing complications that may occur during surgical interventions

Paralel Aktif Güç Filtresi için Bulanık Uyarlamalı Kesirli PI Denetleyici Tasarımı

Doğrusal olmayan yükleri besleyen şebekelerden istenmeyen harmonikli akımlar çekilmektedir ve bu da enerji kalitesini düşürmektedir. Şebekeden çekilen bu harmoniklerin azaltılması için farklı yapılarda pasif ve aktif güç filtreleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu makalede, doğrusal olmayan yük tarafından şebekeden çekilen akım harmoniklerinin azaltılması için Paralel Aktif Güç Filtresi (PAGF) kullanılmıştır. Sistemde doğrusal olmayan yük olarak üç fazlı doğrultucu kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan PAGF’in çıkışındaki DC link kapasitörü üzerine düşen geriliminin istenen seviyede tutulmasıyla filtre performansı iyileştirilmiş ve toplam harmonik distorsiyonu (THD) değerinin azaltılması sağlanmıştır. DC link geriliminin referans değerinde tutulması için bulanık uyarlamalı kesirli PI denetleyici kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, farklı zaman aralıklarında doğrusal olmayan yükün tetikleme açıları değiştirilerek, denetleyici performansının incelenmesi için akım harmoniklerinin farklı değerlerde üretilmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu şekilde elde edilen veriler kullanılarak, önerilen denetleyicinin performansı farklı zaman aralıklarında farklı harmonik değerleri için incelenmiştir. Matlab/Simulink ortamında oluşturulan benzetim çalışmalarıyla, DC link geriliminin denetlenmesinde, önerilen bulanık uyarlamalı kesirli PI denetleyicinin, klasik PI denetleyiciye göre THD değerini daha çok azalttığı ve bu nedenle performansının daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür

Relationship of left atrial global peak systolic strain with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and brain natriuretic peptide level in patients presenting with non-st elevation myocardial infarction

PubMed: 25338184Background: In patients presenting with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, we investigated the relationship of left atrial deformational parameters evaluated by 2-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) with conventional echocardiographic diastolic dysfunction parameters and brain natriuretic peptide level.Material/Methods: We enrolled 74 non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients who were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and 58 healthy control subjects. Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients had echocardiographic examination 48 h after the percutaneous coronary intervention procedure and venous blood samples were drawn simultaneously. In addition to conventional echocardiographic parameters, left atrial strain curves were obtained for each patient. Average peak left atrial strain values during left ventricular systole were measured.Results: BNP values were higher in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients compared to controls. Mean left atrium peak systolic global longitudinal strain in Group 2 (the control group) was higher than in the nonST segment elevation myocardial infarction group. Left atrium peak systolic global longitudinal strain was significantly correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction. There was a significant inverse correlation between left atrium peak systolic global longitudinal strain and brain natriuretic peptide level, left atrium volume maximum, and left atrium volume minimum.Conclusions: Our study shows that Left atrium peak systolic global longitudinal strain values decreased consistently with deteriorating systolic and diastolic function in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Left atrium peak systolic global longitudinal strain measurements may be helpful as a complimentary method to evaluate diastolic function in this patient population. © Med Sci Monit, 2014

CT-guided transthoracic biopsy: histopathologic results and complication rates

PURPOSEWe aimed to investigate the effectiveness and complications of transthoracic CT-guided biopsy techniques.METHODSA total of 94 CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic biopsy procedures performed in 85 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Core biopsy technique was used in 87 procedures and transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy was used in seven procedures.RESULTSDiagnostic results were achieved in 79 of 94 biopsy procedures. Pathology results were malignant in 54 patients, suspicious for malignancy in three patients, benign in five patients, and benign nonspecific in 17 patients. Specific diagnoses were obtained in 59 patients (62.8%) using core biopsy, but no specific diagnosis could be reached with transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Complications included pneumothorax in 27 patients (28.7%) and parenchymal hemorrhage during and after the procedure in eight patients (8.5%). CONCLUSIONSCT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy is a highly accurate procedure for histopathological diagnosis of thoracic masses. In addition, percutaneous transthoracic biopsy has an acceptably low complication rate and it reduces the need for more invasive surgical procedures

Mechanical properties and bio-tribological performance of PVD (Ta/ZrN)n multilayer coatings on UHMWPE in bovine serum lubrication

This work investigated the tribological performance of (Ta/ZrN)n multilayer coatings against ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) material. Three multilayer coatings with different designs were deposited on Ti-6Al-4 V substrate and subjected to wear testing under lubrication of diluted bovine calf serum. The results revealed an improvement in wear resistance of (Ta/ZrN)n multilayer coatings and low coefficient of friction under an applied load of 1 N. High hardness, excellent biotribological properties, and low residual stresses were obtained in the multilayer coating with the thinnest ZrN as the topmost layer of 100 nm. This work demonstrates that Ta/ZrN multilayers can be promising coatings for prosthesis applications

Exploring Attitudes Toward “Sugar Relationships” Across 87 Countries: A Global Perspective on Exchanges of Resources for Sex and Companionship

The current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g., sex, sociosexuality, gender inequality, parasitic exposure) in 69,924 participants across 87 countries. Two self-report measures of Acceptance of Sugar Relationships (ASR) developed for younger companion providers (ASR-YWMS) and older resource providers (ASR-OMWS) were translated into 37 languages. We tested cross-sex and cross-linguistic construct equivalence, cross-cultural invariance in sex differences, and the importance of the hypothetical predictors of ASR. Both measures showed adequate psychometric properties in all languages (except the Persian version of ASR-YWMS). Results partially supported our hypotheses and were consistent with previous theoretical considerations and empirical evidence on human mating. For example, at the individual level, sociosexual orientation, traditional gender roles, and pathogen prevalence were significant predictors of both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS. At the country level, gender inequality and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. However, being a woman negatively predicted the ASR-OMWS, but positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. At country-level, ingroup favoritism and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-OMWS. Furthermore, significant cross-subregional differences were found in the openness to sugar relationships (both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS scores) across subregions. Finally, significant differences were found between ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS when compared in each subregion. The ASR-YWMS was significantly higher than the ASR-OMWS in all subregions, except for Northern Africa and Western Asia

Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) Across 37 Languages

Love is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg’s 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. However, our literature review reveals that most studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. Here, aiming to achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, we developed a short version of the scale—the TLS-15—comprised of 15 items with 5-point, rather than 9-point, response scales. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test–retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provide support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which can be used as a measure of love components—either separately or jointly as a three-factor measure

Predictors of Enhancing Human Physical Attractiveness: Data from 93 Countries

People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending \u3e10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives