Economic sustainability, water security and multi-level governance of local water schemes in Nepal

is article explores the role of multi-level governance and power structures in local water securi- ty through a case study of the Nawalparasi district in Nepal. It focuses on economic sustainabil- ity as a measure to address water security, placing this thematic in the context of a complicated power structure consisting of local, district and national administration as well as external devel- opment cooperation actors. e study aims to nd out whether e orts to improve the economic sustainability of water schemes have contributed to water security at the local level. In addition, it will consider the interactions between water security, power structures and local equality and justice. e research builds upon survey data from the Nepalese districts of Nawalparasi and Palpa, and a case study based on interviews and observation in Nawalparasi. e survey was per- formed in water schemes built within a Finnish development cooperation programme spanning from 1990 to 2004, allowing a consideration of the long-term sustainability of water manage- ment projects. is adds a crucial external in uence into the intra-state power structures shaping water management in Nepal. e article thus provides an alternative perspective to cross-region- al water security through a discussion combining transnational involvement with national and local points of view.Peer reviewe

Democratisation and environmental policy

Peer reviewe

Leapfrogging potential for sustainable energy transition in Serbia

Purpose This paper aims to look at the dilemma of promoting sustainable energy transition in post-socialist countries while containing social and economic implications, focusing on the case of Serbia. The aim is to analyse Serbian energy status taking into account historical factors, to analyse barriers that are hindering transition and to identify leapfrogging potential for the sustainable energy development of the country. Design/methodology/approach Energy transition and leapfrogging potential have been qualified and quantified by indicators, the own calculations and policy analysis to identify barriers to sustainable energy. Findings The country has vast potential for leapfrogging in energy transition, yet continues the gradualist approach based on several policy barriers to the process. The analysis shows six barriers related to low energy price, high energy intensity, prioritization of energy security, inadequacy of utilization of renewable sources, lack of policy coherence and dependency on external funding. However, these barriers could be overcome with an energy policy emphasizing leapfrogging potential. As is pointed out in the conclusion, this should be based on the difference between EU-28 average indicators, discrepancy between use and availability of renewable energy, potential for regional cooperation in the energy sector and under-used skills and participation. Originality/value The paper discusses energy transition in its historical context, arguing that it has to be considered as comprehensively with societal implications and effects, thus creating useful knowledge for other post-socialist countries in current and future transitions.Peer reviewe

Toivo Antikaisen tapaus ja kommunismi viholliskuvana Suomessa 1930-luvulla

Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library.Vain tiivistelmä. Sidottujen gradujen saatavuuden voit tarkistaa Helka-tietokannasta (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Digitaaliset gradut voivat olla luettavissa avoimesti verkossa tai rajoitetusti kirjaston opinnäytekioskeilla.Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet på nätet eller endast tillgängliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler.Tutkielmani tarkoituksena on selvittää suomalaisesta kommunistista Toivo Antikaisesta syntynyttä viholliskuvaa hänen oikeudenkäyntiensä aikana 1930-luvun puolivälissä. Antikaista syytettiin ensin valtiorikoksesta ja myöhemmin myös Neuvostoliiton sisällissodan aikaisesta polttomurhasta. Hänen oikeudenkäynnistään tuli merkittävä tapaus, jonka myötä esiin tuli myös laajempia yhteiskunnallisia vastakkainasetteluja. Tutkielmassani tarkastelen, millainen viholliskuva Antikaisesta muodostui, miten se syntyi ja mitkä tahot sitä rakensivat. Lisäksi tutkin, miten kuva Antikaisesta suhteutui aikakauden yleiseen kommunistikuvaan. Lähteinäni olen käyttänyt suomalaista sanomalehdistöä, erityisesti valta- ja oikeistolehtiä. Niiden kirjoittelussa vallinnut viholliskuva tuli selkeimmin esiin. Olen tarkastellut kirjoituksissa oikeudenkäynnin aikana syntyneitä mielikuvia ja vaikutelmia, joista viholliskuva rakentui. 1930-luvun suomalaiseen yhteiskuntaan vaikutti merkittävästi vuoden 1918 sisällissodan muisto, jonka vastakkainasettelu yhä eli voimakkaana. Vallinnut kommunistikuva oli jyrkän kielteinen, ja siihen liittyi epäilyjä esimerkiksi maanpetturuudesta. Osaltaan kuvaa piti yllä niin sanottu valkoinen Suomi eli sisällissodan voittajaosapuoli. Sen kannattajien mielestä sen ihanteet eivät olleet toteutuneet sodanjälkeisessä suomalaisessa yhteiskunnassa, ja se pyrki nousemaan omaksumastaan altavastaajan roolista. Antikaisen tapauksen myötä vastakkainasettelut kärjistyivät ja nousivat julkiseen keskusteluun. Häneen selvästi suhtauduttiin kommunisteihin liitetyllä ennakkoasenteella, joten vaikutelma oli alusta asti kielteinen. Oikeudenkäyntien aikana esiin tulleet väitteet edistivät kuvaa raa asta, sotaisasta kommunistista, joka oli kääntynyt omaa maataan vastaan ja murhannut maanmiehensä. Hänestä syntynyt viholliskuva perustui monin tavoin yleiselle kommunistikuvalle, mutta myös erottui siitä poikkeustapauksena. Antikainen oli johtohahmo, joka oli lisäksi toiminut erityisen laajasti Neuvostoliiton hyväksi muun muassa puna-armeijassa. Hänen tapaukseensa myös raakuus liittyi erityisen tiiviisti murhasyytteen vuoksi, joskin se esitettiin aina liitoksissa kommunismiin. Viholliskuvat muodostuvat usein jonkun ryhmän tarkoituksellisesti rakentamina. Niitä voidaan käyttää hyväksi omien tavoitteiden ajamiseen, jolloin usein puhutaan hyvästä vihollisesta. Antikaisen tapauksessa valkoinen Suomi selvästi pyrki muodostamaan hänestä mahdollisimman vaikuttavan ja kielteisen viholliskuvan perustellakseen taistelua kommunismia vastaan ja saadakseen tukea valkoisen Suomen tavoitteille. Antikaisesta haluttiin lisäksi tehdä eräänlainen esimerkkitapaus. Osin hänen aiheuttamansa vaara syntyi pelosta, että vasemmisto tekisi hänestä itselleen sankarin ja marttyyrin. Valkoinen Suomi pyrki luomaan tälle ihanteelle mahdollisimman tehokkaan vastakuvan, jonka oli tarkoitus toimia varoittavana esimerkkinä vasemmistolle

Search for CPCP violation in D0^0→\to KS0^0_\mathrm{S}KS0^0_\mathrm{S} decays in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceA search is reported for charge-parity D$^0$$\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$$CP$ violation in D$^0$$\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ decays, using data collected in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment in 2018. The analysis uses a dedicated data set that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 41.6 fb$^{-1}$, which consists of about 10 billion events containing a pair of ẖadrons, nearly all of which decay to charm hadrons. The flavor of the neutral D meson is determined by the pion charge in the reconstructed decays D$^{*+}$$\to$ D$^0\pi^+$ and D$^{*-}$$\to$ D$^0\pi^-$. The D$^0$$\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$$CP$ asymmetry in D$^0$$\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ is measured to be $A_{CP}$( K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$) = (6.2 $\pm$ 3.0 $\pm$ 0.2 $\pm$ 0.8)%, where the three uncertainties represent the statistical uncertainty, the systematic uncertainty, and the uncertainty in the measurement of the D$^0$ $\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ $CP$ asymmetry in the D$^0$ $\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}\pi^+\pi^-$ decay. This is the first D$^0$ $\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ $CP$ asymmetry measurement by CMS in the charm sector as well as the first to utilize a fully hadronic final state

The CMS Statistical Analysis and Combination Tool: COMBINE

International audienceThis paper describes the COMBINE software package used for statistical analyses by the CMS Collaboration. The package, originally designed to perform searches for a Higgs boson and the combined analysis of those searches, has evolved to become the statistical analysis tool presently used in the majority of measurements and searches performed by the CMS Collaboration. It is not specific to the CMS experiment, and this paper is intended to serve as a reference for users outside of the CMS Collaboration, providing an outline of the most salient features and capabilities. Readers are provided with the possibility to run COMBINE and reproduce examples provided in this paper using a publicly available container image. Since the package is constantly evolving to meet the demands of ever-increasing data sets and analysis sophistication, this paper cannot cover all details of COMBINE. However, the online documentation referenced within this paper provides an up-to-date and complete user guide

Dark sector searches with the CMS experiment

Astrophysical observations provide compelling evidence for gravitationally interacting dark matter in the universe that cannot be explained by the standard model of particle physics. The extraordinary amount of data from the CERN LHC presents a unique opportunity to shed light on the nature of dark matter at unprecedented collision energies. This Report comprehensively reviews the most recent searches with the CMS experiment for particles and interactions belonging to a dark sector and for dark-sector mediators. Models with invisible massive particles are probed by searches for signatures of missing transverse momentum recoiling against visible standard model particles. Searches for mediators are also conducted via fully visible final states. The results of these searches are compared with those obtained from direct-detection experiments. Searches for alternative scenarios predicting more complex dark sectors with multiple new particles and new forces are also presented. Many of these models include long-lived particles, which could manifest themselves with striking unconventional signatures with relatively small amounts of background. Searches for such particles are discussed and their impact on dark-sector scenarios is evaluated. Many results and interpretations have been newly obtained for this Report.Astrophysical observations provide compelling evidence for gravitationally interacting dark matter in the universe that cannot be explained by the standard model of particle physics. The extraordinary amount of data from the CERN LHC presents a unique opportunity to shed light on the nature of dark matter at unprecedented collision energies. This Report comprehensively reviews the most recent searches with the CMS experiment for particles and interactions belonging to a dark sector and for dark-sector mediators. Models with invisible massive particles are probed by searches for signatures of missing transverse momentum recoiling against visible standard model particles. Searches for mediators are also conducted via fully visible final states. The results of these searches are compared with those obtained from direct-detection experiments. Searches for alternative scenarios predicting more complex dark sectors with multiple new particles and new forces are also presented. Many of these models include long-lived particles, which could manifest themselves with striking unconventional signatures with relatively small amounts of background. Searches for such particles are discussed and their impact on dark-sector scenarios is evaluated. Many results and interpretations have been newly obtained for this Report

Search for the Z boson decay to ττμμ\tau\tau\mu\mu in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceThe first search for the Z boson decay to $\tau\tau\mu\mu$ at the CERN LHC is presented, based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The data are compatible with the predicted background. For the first time, an upper limit at the 95% confidence level of 6.9 times the standard model expectation is placed on the ratio of the Z $\to$ $\tau\tau\mu\mu$ to Z $\to$ 4$\mu$ branching fractions. Limits are also placed on the six flavor-conserving four-lepton effective-field-theory operators involving two muons and two tau leptons, for the first time testing all such operators

Searches for Higgs boson production through decays of heavy resonances

The discovery of the Higgs boson has led to new possible signatures for heavy resonance searches at the LHC. Since then, search channels including at least one Higgs boson plus another particle have formed an important part of the program of new physics searches. In this report, the status of these searches by the CMS Collaboration is reviewed. Searches are discussed for resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons, a Higgs and a vector boson, or a Higgs boson and another new resonance, with proton-proton collision data collected at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV in the years 2016-2018. A combination of the results of these searches is presented together with constraints on different beyond-the-standard model scenarios, including scenarios with extended Higgs sectors, heavy vector bosons and extra dimensions. Studies are shown for the first time by CMS on the validity of the narrow-width approximation in searches for the resonant production of a pair of Higgs bosons. The potential for a discovery at the High Luminosity LHC is also discussed.The discovery of the Higgs boson has led to new possible signatures for heavy resonance searches at the LHC. Since then, search channels including at least one Higgs boson plus another particle have formed an important part of the program of new physics searches. In this report, the status of these searches by the CMS Collaboration is reviewed. Searches are discussed for resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons, a Higgs and a vector boson, or a Higgs boson and another new resonance, with proton-proton collision data collected at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the years 2016-2018. A combination of the results of these searches is presented together with constraints on different beyond-the-standard model scenarios, including scenarios with extended Higgs sectors, heavy vector bosons and extra dimensions. Studies are shown for the first time by CMS on the validity of the narrow-width approximation in searches for the resonant production of a pair of Higgs bosons. The potential for a discovery at the High Luminosity LHC is also discussed