Novel 6-aryl-7-alkyl/aryl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,3,5]triazine-5(6H)-thiones, processes for their preparation, characterization and evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant activity

ABSTRACT. A series of nine new 6-aryl-7-alkyl/aryl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,3,5]triazine-5(6H)-thiones (2a-i) were synthesized by a reaction of N-triazol-3-yl imidates (1) with three different isothiocyanate derivatives (RNCS)  in refluxing toluene. The structures of the final heterocyclic compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and mass spectral analysis. The target compounds (2a-i) were in vitro screened for their activity as antioxidants using DPPH (2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing/antioxidant power) methods. The results revealed that some triazolotriazine-5-(6H)thiones exhibited antioxidant activity ranging from moderate to high. The obtained findings revealed that the triazolotriazine-5-(6H)thiones (2g, 2h, and 2i) have superiority among all compounds, It is obvious that the presence of a hydroxyl group in the structure is essential for the antioxidant properties and should be taken into consideration in further design of structures with potential antioxidant properties.                     KEY WORDS: Imidates, Isothiocyanates, Antioxidant, Triazole, DPPH, FRAP   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(3), 565-572. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i3.

Population genetic structure analysis in endangered Hordeum vulgare landraces from Tunisia: Conservation strategies

Genetic markers have been employed in combination with morphological characters to identify patterns of population structure in 13 barley landrace populations from Tunisia. These endangered barley populations are grown by few local farmers in low-input farming systems. Based on 117 random amplified polymorphic DNA markers and 34 morphological traits, variance analyses indicated that most of the variation is partitioned within rather than between populations. Inbreeding index, gene flow values and cluster analysis revealed also significant differentiation between all populations. Gene flow decreased rapidly as the geographic distance increased. This may imply that seed exchange between farmers was limited to a regional scale. The lower correlation between the Euclidean distance matrices based on morphological and molecular data suggests that both data are comparably important to generate an unbiased picture of differentiation trends. Our findings support the required setting up of conservation strategies for Hordeum vulgare L. landraces from Tunisia.Key words: Barley landrace germplasm, RAPD, morphology, population differentiation analysis, conservation

Carcinome papillaire sur kyste du tractus thyreoglosse

Introduction :: Cysts of the thyroglossal duct are a congenital anomaly. they are common but the incidence of papillary carcinoma arising in a thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is rare. The clinical presentation of these cancers is generally nonspecific. There are usually identified only after histopathologic examinationAim: Modalities of treatment and prevention are discussed.Methods: We report 4 cases of a papillary carcinoma developed on a thyroglossal duct cyst, who underwent surgery. Two cases have been detected on préopératory and two at the definitive anatomopathology. Our therapeutic attitude has been discussed in each of our 4cases.Conclusion: there is no consensus about the modalities of treatment of papillary carcinoma in thyroglossal duct cyst.Keywords: Thyroglossal duct cyst, Thyroid, Papillary carcinoma, surgery, Total thyroidectomy

Diagnostic et prise en charge de l’hyperparathyroïdie primaire

Objectif : L’hyperparathyroïdie primaire (hPTP) est définie par la production excessive et inappropriée de parathormone (PTh). Les formes asymptomatiques et modérées sont devenues de plus en plus fréquentes. Le but de ce travail est d’étudier les caractéristiques cliniques et paracliniques de l’hPTP, de préciser les indications thérapeutiques et de les discuter en comparant nos résultats avec ceux de la littérature.Matériel et méthodes: Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective à propos de 86 patients colligés entre Janvier 2005 et Décembre 2010. Tous les patients ont bénéficié d’un examen ORL et d’un bilan biologique comportant une calcémie et un dosage de la PTh. Le bilan radiologique comportait une échographie cervicale, une scintigraphie au MIBI et/ou une IRM cervicale.Tous les patients ont été opérés sous anesthésie générale et ont eu une cervicotomie par approche classique. La surveillance a été clinique et biologique avec un recul moyen de 16 mois (4-36 mois).Résultats : La calcémie était élevée chez 77 patients (89,5%) et la PTh chez tous les patients. Une échographie cervicale a été réalisée chez 79 patients et a montré une image en faveur d’un adénome parathyroïdien chez 37 d’entre eux (46,8%). La scintigraphie au MIBI, pratiquée chez 46 patients, a montré une hyperfixation dans 31 cas (67,4%). L’IRM aété pratiquée chez 5 patients et a révélé un adénome dans 3 cas.L’exploration chirurgicale avec examen extemporané a révélé un adénome unique chez 65 patients deux adénomes chez 12 patients, et une hypertrophie des 4 PTh chez 9 autres. Une exérèse des adénomes a été ainsi réalisée chez 77 patients et une parathyroïdectomie subtotale dans 9 cas. en post-opératoire, 12 patients (14%) ont présenté une hypocalcémietransitoire. Aucune hypocalcémie définitive ni paralysie récurrentielle n’ont été notées. L’examen anatomopathologique définitif a révélé un adénome unique, un adénome double, une hyperplasie et PTh normale respectivement chez 58, 3, 24 et 1 patients. L’évolution à long terme a été marquée par l’amélioration clinique et biologique chez 81 patients  (94,2%). Une non-amélioration clinique et biologique a été notée chez 5 patients. Ils ont été réopérés et ont eu une parathyroïdectomie subtotale. L’anatomopathologie confirmait l’hyperplasie dans tous les cas.Conclusion : Le traitement de l’hPTP symptomatique est chirurgical. L’approche classique a fait preuve de son efficacité. Les progrès récents des explorations préopératoires et le dosage peropératoire de la PTh ont rendu possible une approche mini-invasive. Des controverses persistent quant à la prise en charge de l’hPTP asymptomatique dont l’indicationthérapeutique doit être bien étudiée.Mots-clés : hyperparathyroïdie primaire, adénome, glande parathyroïde, parathormone, scintigraphie, parathyroïdectomi

Synthesis and photophysical properties of new reactive fluorophenanthrenes

A series of six new suitably functionalized fluorophenanthrene derivatives were synthesized through a simple procedure, making use of inexpensive starting materials under mild conditions. The target phenanthrenes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies. UV–Vis absorption and photoluminescence of these phenanthrenes were evaluated in solutions. A notable behavior and a strong fluorescence in the blue region of the visible spectrum were observed, making them potential candidates for organic light-emitting diode technology or advanced materials. Their electrochemical behavior was also experimentally examined in solution, demonstrating an important charge transfer interaction owing to their ${\pi }$-conjugated electronic system

Synthesis and photophysical properties of new reactive fluorophenanthrenes

A series of six new suitably functionalized fluorophenanthrene derivatives were synthesized through a simple procedure, making use of inexpensive starting materials under mild conditions. The target phenanthrenes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies. UV–Vis absorption and photoluminescence of these phenanthrenes were evaluated in solutions. A notable behavior and a strong fluorescence in the blue region of the visible spectrum were observed, making them potential candidates for organic light-emitting diode technology or advanced materials. Their electrochemical behavior was also experimentally examined in solution, demonstrating an important charge transfer interaction owing to their ${\pi }$-conjugated electronic system

Association between waterpipe smoking and obesity: Population-based study in Qatar

Introduction: Over the past decade obesity prevalence has been increasing rapidly in the Gulf region (GR) including Qatar, becoming one of the major health issues in the region. Concomitantly, waterpipe (WP) smoking is increasing worldwide especially in the GR, and although the effect of cigarette smoking on body weight is well-established, studies indicating an association between WP smoking and obesity are scarce. Thus, we explored the association between WP smoking and obesity in comparison with cigarette smokers and healthy population in Qatar. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using data from Qatar Biobank and analyzed anthropometric measurements among 879 adults (aged 18–65 years) that included WP smokers, cigarette smokers, dual smokers and never smokers. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis and reported as lean mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. Results: Overall, 12% (n=108) were WP smokers, 22% (n=196) were cigarette smokers, 9% (n=77) smoked both WP and cigarettes and 57% (n=498) were never smokers. Age, sex, history of diabetes, and hypertension, in addition to nationality were considered as confounding factors. Our analysis revealed that WP smokers had a significantly higher BMI (kg/m2) and fat mass when compared with cigarette smokers (p<0.05). Moreover, compared to cigarette smoking, WP smoking had a higher significant effect on BMI (β=3.8, SE=0.38; and β=5.5, SE=0.46; respectively), and fat mass (β=5.1, SE=0.79; and β=9.0, SE=0.97; respectively). However, WP users were similar to never-smokers in terms of body fat percent. Conclusions: Our data indicate that compared to never smokers, daily WP users have higher BMI and fat mass, and are likely to be obese.This work is supported by the College of Medicine and Health Cluster of Qatar University. The funder had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.Scopu

The Potential of Medical Abortion to Reduce Maternal Mortality in Africa: What Benefits for Tanzania and Ethiopia?

BACKGROUND: Unsafe abortion is estimated to account for 13% of maternal mortality globally. Medical abortion is a safe alternative. METHODS: By estimating mortality risks for unsafe and medical abortion and childbirth for Tanzania and Ethiopia, we modelled changes in maternal mortality that are achievable if unsafe abortion were replaced by medical abortion. We selected Ethiopia and Tanzania because of their high maternal mortality ratios (MMRatios) and contrasting situations regarding health care provision and abortion legislation. We focused on misoprostol-only regimens due to the drug's low cost and accessibility. We included the impact of medical abortion on women who would otherwise choose unsafe abortion and on women with unwanted/mistimed pregnancies who would otherwise carry to term. RESULTS: Thousands of lives could be saved each year in each country by implementing medical abortion using misoprostol (2122 in Tanzania and 2551 in Ethiopia assuming coverage equals family planning services levels: 56% for Tanzania, 31% for Ethiopia). Changes in MMRatios would be less pronounced because the intervention would also affect national birth rates. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first analysis of impact of medical abortion provision which takes into account additional potential users other than those currently using unsafe abortion. Thousands of women's lives could be saved, but this may not be reflected in as substantial changes in MMRatios because of medical abortion's demographic impact. Therefore policy makers must be aware of the inability of some traditional measures of maternal mortality to detect the real benefits offered by such an intervention

Sensing and adhesion are adaptive functions in the plant pathogenic xanthomonads

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bacterial plant pathogens belonging to the <it>Xanthomonas </it>genus are tightly adapted to their host plants and are not known to colonise other environments. The host range of each strain is usually restricted to a few host plant species. Bacterial strains responsible for the same type of symptoms on the same host range cluster in a pathovar. The phyllosphere is a highly stressful environment, but it provides a selective habitat and a source of substrates for these bacteria. Xanthomonads colonise host phylloplane before entering leaf tissues and engaging in an invasive pathogenic phase. Hence, these bacteria are likely to have evolved strategies to adapt to life in this environment. We hypothesised that determinants responsible for bacterial host adaptation are expressed starting from the establishment of chemotactic attraction and adhesion on host tissue.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We established the distribution of 70 genes coding sensors and adhesins in a large collection of xanthomonad strains. These 173 strains belong to different pathovars of <it>Xanthomonas </it>spp and display different host ranges. Candidate genes are involved in chemotactic attraction (25 genes), chemical environment sensing (35 genes), and adhesion (10 genes). Our study revealed that candidate gene repertoires comprised core and variable gene suites that likely have distinct roles in host adaptation. Most pathovars were characterized by unique repertoires of candidate genes, highlighting a correspondence between pathovar clustering and repertoires of sensors and adhesins. To further challenge our hypothesis, we tested for molecular signatures of selection on candidate genes extracted from sequenced genomes of strains belonging to different pathovars. We found strong evidence of adaptive divergence acting on most candidate genes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These data provide insight into the potential role played by sensors and adhesins in the adaptation of xanthomonads to their host plants. The correspondence between repertoires of sensor and adhesin genes and pathovars and the rapid evolution of sensors and adhesins shows that, for plant pathogenic xanthomonads, events leading to host specificity may occur as early as chemotactic attraction by host and adhesion to tissues.</p