Sharp bounds for the modified multiplicative zagreb indices of graphs with vertex connectivity at most k

© 2019, University of Nis. All rights reserved. Zagreb indices and their modified versions of a molecular graph originate from many practical problems such as two dimensional quantitative structure-activity (2D QSAR) and molecular chirality. Nowadays, they have become important invariants which can be used to characterize the properties of graphs from different aspects. Let Vkn (or Ekn respectively) be a set of graphs of n vertices with vertex connectivity (or edge connectivity respectively) at most k. In this paper, we explore some properties of the modified first and second multiplicative Zagreb indices of graphs in Vkn and Ekn. By using analytic and combinatorial tools, we obtain some sharp lower and upper bounds for these indices of graphs in Vkn and Ekn. In addition, the corresponding extremal graphs which attain the lower or upper bounds are characterized. Our results enrich outcomes on studying Zagreb indices and the methods developed in this paper may provide some new tools for investigating the values on modified multiplicative Zagreb indices of other classes of graphs

Forgiveness from Emotion Fit: Emotional Frame, Consumer Emotion, and Feeling-Right in Consumer Decision to Forgive

Three studies examine an emotion fit effect in the crisis communication, namely, the interaction between emotional frames of guilt and shame and consumer emotions of anger and fear on consumer forgiveness. Guilt-framing communication results in higher forgiveness than shame-framing for angry consumers, whereas shame-framing communication results in higher forgiveness than guilt-framing for fearful consumers. These effects are driven by consumers’ accessible regulatory foci associated with anger/fear and guilt/shame. Specifically, feelings of anger activate a promotion focus that is represented by guilt frames, while feelings of fear activate a prevention focus that is enacted by shame frames. Compared with emotion nonfit (i.e., anger to shame and fear to guilt), emotion fit (i.e., anger to guilt and fear to shame) facilitates greater feeling-right and consumer forgiveness. The findings offer novel insights for extant literature on emotion, crisis communication, and regulatory focus theory, as well as practical suggestions regarding the emotional frames

Morphology and ultrastructure of salivary glands of male treehopper Tricentrus brunneus Funkhouser (Hemiptera: Membracoidea)

The salivary glands of male treehopper Tricentrus brunneus Funkhouser comprise a pair of acinous principal glands each with an anterior lobe and a posterior lobe; a pair of elbow-shaped accessory glands. Every accessory gland connects with the principal gland via a thin accessory salivary duct. The anterior lobe contains three types of acini (I, II and III), whereas the posterior lobe possesses only one type of acinus (IV). Two efferent salivary ducts fuse into a common salivary duct. Different acinis cells are filled with secretory granules that are distinct in size, number, shape and electron-density, indicating a maturation process before secreted. Infoldings in different acini suggest dilution of substances before being secreted. The presence of microvilli in acinus IV and the accessory gland duct possibly indicates the undergoing maturation of secretions. Electron-dense fine granules existed in the accessory gland cells, possibly related to virus transmission

Spatial performance of skewed continuous rigid-frame bridges based on finite element analysis

Continuous rigid-frame bridges are usually symmetrically designed along the bridge center line for simplicity and clarity purposes. However, the skewed bridges are necessary in case of complex intersections with space constraint in highways. Previous research mainly focuses on the discussion of skewed angle and the interaction between girders and cross frames on I shape section. Box sections are also used for skewed bridge due to large torsion stiffness, which have many problems during service time. This paper analyzed coupled skew and bending effect for the bridge which combines the continuous rigid-frame system and skewed system. For skewed bridges, significant out-of-lane effect occurs in bridges, which is hard to be predicted through linear analysis. For continuous bridges, at the interior supports, negative bending moments exist. In addition, a part of each diaphragm of the bridge is connected to the main girder, and the rest part only carries its self-weight, which makes the girder behavior more complex in the transverse direction. Therefore, the spatial performance of the bridge is very complex. The design cannot only use simple two dimension analysis. In the paper the three dimensional finite element analysis was conducted to find the effect due to dead load, live load, temperature, and brake force to find critical position for monitoring and maintainance. Primary bending normal stress, warping normal stress, coefficient of shearing force lag and stress distribution of consolidation pier were analyzed and output. The behavior of both superstructure and sub structure were investigated. The effect of coupled bending and torsion is significant to the behavior of the bridge. Finally the design recommendations about the skew bridge are given. The critical positions for the further test and monitoring are found

Probing Electron Tunneling Pathways: Electrochemical Study of Rat Heart Cytochromecand Its Mutant on Pyridine-Terminated SAMs

The electron-transfer rates between gold electrodes and adsorbed cytochromes are compared for native cytochrome c and its mutant (K13A) using two different immobilization strategies. A recent study by Niki (Niki, K.; Hardy, W. R.; Hill, M. G.; Li, H.; Sprinkle, J. R.; Margoliash, E.; Fujita, K.; Tanimura, R.; Nakamura, N.; Ohno, H.; Richards, J. H.; Gray, H. B. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 9947) showed that the electron-transfer rate for a particular mutant cytochrome c (K13A) is orders of magnitude slower than the native form when electrostatically adsorbed on SAM-coated gold electrodes. The current study directly “links” the protein's heme unit to the SAM, thereby “short circuiting” the electron tunneling pathway. These findings demonstrate that the immobilization strategy can modify the electron-transfer rate by changing the tunneling pathway

Distribution of protein components of wheat from different regions

The distribution of wheat protein components in different regions was researched to provide a theoretical basis on variety selection, quality improvement and food processing. 146 varieties from eight regions were collected to measure contents of protein components (albumin, globulin, gliadin and glutenin) in different regions for the distribution. The largest variation coefficient occurred in contents of globulin, followed by those of gliadin and albumin, while the contents of glutenin varied with the smallest range. The contents of all protein components belonged to normal distribution. It was discovered that the contents of albumin and globulin skewed towards the high value, while glutenin content skewed towards the low value. Differences on the contents of protein components existed in samples from different regions; the regional distribution of four protein components is: the northern region > the southern region > the western region > the eastern region. The contents of protein components of Yannong 19 in different regions were determined, the results displayed that the distributions of four protein components showed the same trends, although the highest contents occurred in Shanxi as compared to the other three regions (Shandong, Jiangsu and An’hui), and there were little differences among them. Geographical conditions can affect the protein components of wheat, and gliadin and glutenin content can affect wheat quality, so we can designate areas where wheat contains more gliadin and glutenin as our high-quality wheat producing areas, of which Shaanxi is a better choice.Keywords: Wheat, protein components, different regions, distributio

Transformation of worst weed into N-, S-, and P-tridoped carbon nanorings as metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

Substituting sustainable/cost-effective catalysts for scarce and costly metal ones is currently among the major targets of sustainable chemistry. Herein we report the synthesis of N-, S-, and P-tridoped, worst-weed-derived carbon nanorings (WWCNRs) that can serve as metal-free and selective electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The WWCNRs are synthesized via activation-free polymerization of worst weed, Eclipta prostrate, and then removal of the metallic residues by HCl. The WWCNRs exhibit good catalytic activity towards the 4 electron-transfer ORR with low onset potential and high kinetic limiting current density, along with high selectivity (introducing CO, the sample loses onl

Sharp Bounds for the General Sum-Connectivity Indices of Transformation Graphs

Given a graph G, the general sum-connectivity index is defined as χα(G)=∑uv∈E(G)dGu+dGvα, where dG(u) (or dG(v)) denotes the degree of vertex u (or v) in the graph G and α is a real number. In this paper, we obtain the sharp bounds for general sum-connectivity indices of several graph transformations, including the semitotal-point graph, semitotal-line graph, total graph, and eight distinct transformation graphs Guvw, where u,v,w∈+,-