Transcriptome and Metabolome Integrated Analysis of Two Ecotypes of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Reveals Candidate Genes Involved in Chlorogenic Acid Accumulation

T. hemsleyanum plants with different geographical origins contain enormous genetic variability, which causes different composition and content of flavonoids. In this research, integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome were performed in two ecotypes of T. hemsleyanum. There were 5428 different expressed transcripts and 236 differentially accumulated metabolites, phenylpropane and flavonoid biosynthesis were most predominantly enriched. A regulatory network of 9 transcripts and 11 compounds up-regulated in RG was formed, and chlorogenic acid was a core component

Effect of Boron Addition on the Precipitation Behavior of S31254

To reduce the precipitation of σ phases and to improve the hot workability of S31254 steels, boron has been added into the composition of S31254 to a concentration of 40 ppm. The precipitation behavior was investigated before and after the addition of boron in different S31254 alloys during the compression deformation, and the nose temperature at 950 °C and the phase dissolution temperature at 1074 °C were selected as the measurement temperature. The result showed that more σ phases were precipitated at the grain boundary of S31254 alloys, compared to the boron-added alloy. Meanwhile, the addition of 40 ppm boron into the alloys has obviously prevented the σ phases from the austenitic matrix, and it takes longer time for the precipitation of σ phase at 950 °C. The specific influence factors of boron on the precipitation of σ phases were also further discussed

Synthesis, solid-state structures, and urease inhibition activities of new copper(II) complexes based on O,N,O-tridentate Schiff bases

<p>Six new complexes of copper(II) coordinated with O,N,O-tridentate Schiff base dianions were synthesized and structurally characterized. The solid-state structures of <b>1</b>–<b>6</b> contain four-coordinate mononuclear copper(II) units with a slightly distorted square planar geometry. Complexes <b>1</b> and <b>4</b> derived from d-tyrosine have an infinite 1-D, right-handed helical chain, while <b>5</b> derived from l-tyrosine has an infinite 1-D, left-handed helical chain. Inhibitions of jack bean urease by <b>1</b>–<b>6</b> have been investigated, and potent inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ range of 2.15 ± 0.11–32.12 ± 0.65 μM have been observed for these copper(II) complexes. A docking analysis using a DOCK program was conducted to position <b>4</b> into the jack bean urease active site to determine the probable binding conformation.</p

Disruption of OsSULTR3;3 reduces phytate and phosphorus concentrations and alters the metabolite profile in rice grains.

Two low phytic acid (lpa) mutants have been developed previously with the aim to improve the nutritional value of rice (Oryza sativa) grains. In the present study, the impacts of lpa mutations on grain composition and underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. Comparative compositional analyses and metabolite profiling demonstrated that concentrations of both phytic acid (PA) and total phosphorus (P) were significantly reduced in lpa brown rice, accompanied by changes in other metabolites and increased concentrations of nutritionally relevant compounds. The lpa mutations modified the expression of a number of genes involved in PA metabolism, as well as in sulfate and phosphate homeostasis and metabolism. Map-based cloning and complementation identified the underlying lpa gene to be OsSULTR3;3. The promoter of OsSULTR3;3 is highly active in the vascular bundles of leaves, stems and seeds, and its protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. No activity of OsSULTR3;3 was revealed for the transport of phosphate, sulfate, inositol or inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate by heterologous expression in either yeast or Xenopus oocytes. The findings reveal that OsSULTR3;3 plays an important role in grain metabolism, pointing to a new route to generate value-added grains in rice and other cereal crops