Evaluation of dietary intake of lactating women in China and its potential impact on the health of mothers and infants

BACKGROUND: Optimal nutrition for lactating mothers is importance for mother and infants’ health and well-being. We determined the nutrient intake and dietary changes during the first 3-month of lactation, and its potential effect on health and disease risk. METHOD: Personal interviews were conducted to collect a 24h diet recall questionnaire from 199 healthy lactating women in the postpartum days 2, 7, 30, 90 and healthy 58 non-pregnant women served as the controls. RESULTS: We found in lactating women (1) the mean daily energy and carbohydrate intake was lower than that of the Chinese Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI, 2600 Kcal, 357.5 ~ 422.5g) by 11% ~ 17% and 33% ~ 49%, respectively; (2) the fat intake increased from 3% to 13%, which was 9 ~ 77% higher than the RNI (57 ~ 86.7g); (3) the protein intake exceeded the RNI of 85g by 32 ~ 53%; (4) the total calories consumed from carbohydrate (39%-44%), fat (34% ~ 42%) and protein (20%-23%) failed to meet Chinese RNI (5) the intake of vitamin C, B1, folate, zinc, dietary fiber, and calcium was 5% ~ 73% lower than the RNI while vitamin B(2), B(3), E, iron and selenium intake was 20% to 3 times higher than the RNI. Nutrient intake in the control group was lower for all nutrients than the recommended RNI. CONCLUSION: Lactating women on a self-selected diet did not meet the Chinese RNI for many important micronutrients, which may influence the nutritional composition of breast milk and thus impact the potential health of mothers and infants. RNI should consider the regional dietary habits and culture. A single national RNI is not applicable for all of China. Nutritional education into the community is needed

Evaluation of dietary intake of lactating women in China and its potential impact on the health of mothers and infants

Abstract Background Optimal nutrition for lactating mothers is importance for mother and infants’ health and well-being. We determined the nutrient intake and dietary changes during the first 3-month of lactation, and its potential effect on health and disease risk. Method Personal interviews were conducted to collect a 24h diet recall questionnaire from 199 healthy lactating women in the postpartum days 2, 7, 30, 90 and healthy 58 non-pregnant women served as the controls. Results We found in lactating women (1) the mean daily energy and carbohydrate intake was lower than that of the Chinese Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI, 2600 Kcal, 357.5 ~ 422.5g) by 11% ~ 17% and 33% ~ 49%, respectively; (2) the fat intake increased from 3% to 13%, which was 9 ~ 77% higher than the RNI (57 ~ 86.7g); (3) the protein intake exceeded the RNI of 85g by 32 ~ 53%; (4) the total calories consumed from carbohydrate (39%-44%), fat (34% ~ 42%) and protein (20%-23%) failed to meet Chinese RNI (5) the intake of vitamin C, B1, folate, zinc, dietary fiber, and calcium was 5% ~ 73% lower than the RNI while vitamin B2, B3, E, iron and selenium intake was 20% to 3 times higher than the RNI. Nutrient intake in the control group was lower for all nutrients than the recommended RNI. Conclusion Lactating women on a self-selected diet did not meet the Chinese RNI for many important micronutrients, which may influence the nutritional composition of breast milk and thus impact the potential health of mothers and infants. RNI should consider the regional dietary habits and culture. A single national RNI is not applicable for all of China. Nutritional education into the community is needed.</p

Microparticle Phosphatidylserine Mediates Coagulation: Involvement in Tumor Progression and Metastasis

Tumor progression and cancer metastasis has been linked to the release of microparticles (MPs), which are shed upon cell activation or apoptosis and display parental cell antigens, phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine (PS), and nucleic acids on their external surfaces. In this review, we highlight the biogenesis of MPs as well as the pathophysiological processes of PS externalization and its involvement in coagulation activation. We review the available evidence, suggesting that coagulation factors (mainly tissue factor, thrombin, and fibrin) assist in multiple steps of tumor dissemination, including epithelial–mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix remodeling, immune escape, and tumor angiogenesis to support the formation of the pre-metastatic niche. Platelets are not just bystander cells in circulation but are functional players in primary tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor-induced platelet aggregation protects circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood flow shear forces and immune cell attack while also promoting the binding of CTCs to endothelial cells and extravasation, which activates tumor invasion and sustains metastasis. Finally, in terms of therapy, lactadherin can inhibit coagulation by competing effectively with coagulation factors for PS binding sites and may similarly delay tumor progression. Furthermore, we also investigate the therapeutic potential of coagulation factor inhibitors within the context of cancer treatment. The development of multiple therapies targeting platelet activation and platelet–tumor cell interactions may not only reduce the lethal consequences of thrombosis but also impede tumor growth and spread

Shape-controlled hollow Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with multifunctional capping for in vitro cancer treatment

A series of multifunctional shape-controlled nonspherical hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) drug carriers have been prepared by employing FeO with four morphologies (capsule, cube, rice, and rhombus) as a sacrificial template and a multifunctional cap as the encapsulating shell. The resulting shape-controlled nonspherical HMSNs perfectly replicate the original morphology of the FeO templates, which possess a high specific surface area, good monodispersity, perpendicular mesoporous channels, and excellent biocompatibility. After modification of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and folic acid (FA), the shape-controlled HMSN core and functional shell can then be integrated into a single device (HMSNs-PEG-FA) to provide an efficient and tumor-cell-selective drug-delivery system. The shape-controlled HMSNs and HMSNs-PEG-FA all show controlled pH-responsive release behavior for the anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). The in vitro results indicate that HMSNs-PEG-FA is biocompatible and selectively targets HeLa cells (overexpressed folate receptors). Fluorescence images show that desirable surface modification and the nonspherical shape effectively facilitate cellular internalization of HMSNs. It is expected that the construction of these unique nanomaterials with controlled morphology through the hard-templating technique may also provide useful information for the design of nanoscale multifunctional systems

Principal Component Clustering Analysis Apply to the Amino Acid Content in Antler Based on Matlab

International audienceThe antler is a very high nutritional value of supplements, but also a very important medicine, antler occupies a very important position in Chinese medicine. Antler is rich in amino acids, which contains more than seven kinds of essential amino acids. In the organic component of antler, amino acids are the topped content of nutrients, and in them, the highest is glycine; amino acids are the basic components of living organism tissue cells, and play a pivotal role for life events. If the body lacks any kind of essential amino acids, it can cause physiological dysfunction, affecting the normal antibody metabolism, leading to disease. In the paper, it accord to the data of amino acids which contain different specifications antler herbs, analyze and compare the relationship of amino acids between sika deer antler and red deer antler using the principal component cluster analysis. The results showed that sika deer antler with red deer antler have the similar medicine effect and different essential amino acids nutrients

Quinoa Traceable System Based on Internet of Things

International audienceQuinoa is known as the lost ancient “gold” nutrition, along with the increase of domestic demand, in recent years at home also growing acreage, in order to solve the quinoa products traceability of quinoa planting, pesticides fertilizer use and processing data information acquisition, storage and processing, and other issues. This article USES the Internet of things technology, ZigBee development technology and space technology such as fuzzy data mining, based on the Internet of things of quinoa traceability system, realized the quinoa cultivation, production and transportation, warehousing and other real-time data acquisition, transmission, processing, and text messages warning and quinoa disease quinoa products full traceability, etc. This project research has completed a preliminary test in the experimental base, basic functions required to complete the project, can achieve the goal of the quinoa products traceability

The Cloning and Characterization of the Enolase2 Gene of Gekko japonicus and Its Polyclonal Antibody Preparation

Abstract: The enolase2 gene is usually expressed in mature neurons and also named neuron specific enolase (NSE). In the present study, we first obtained the NSE gene cDNA sequence by using the RACE method based on the expressed sequence tag (EST) fragment from the cDNA library of Gekko japonicus and identified one transcript of about 2.2 kb in central nervous system of Gekko japonicus by Northern blotting. The open reading frame of NSE is 1305 bp, which encodes a 435 amino-acid protein. We further investigated the multi-tissue expression pattern of NSE by RT-PCR and found that the expression of NSE mRNA was very high in brain, spinal cord and low in heart, while it was not detectable in other tissues. The real-time quantitative PCR was used to investigate the time-dependent change in the expression of the NSE mRNA level after gecko spinal cord transection and found it significantly increased at one day, reaching its highest level three days post-injury and then decreasing at the seventh day of the experiment. The recombinant plasmid of pET-32a-NSE was constructed and induced to express His fused NSE protein. The purified NSE protein was used to immunize rabbits to generate polyclonal antisera. The titer of the antiserum was more than 1:65536 determined by ELISA. Western blotting showed that the prepared antibodyInt. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14 878

Evaluation of dietary intake of lactating women in China and its potential impact on the health of mothers and infants

School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityBackground: Optimal nutrition for lactating mothers is importance for mother and infants' health and well-being. We determined the nutrient intake and dietary changes during the first 3-month of lactation, and its potential effect on health and disease risk. Method: Personal interviews were conducted to collect a 24h diet recall questionnaire from 199 healthy lactating women in the postpartum days 2, 7, 30, 90 and healthy 58 non-pregnant women served as the controls. Results: We found in lactating women (1) the mean daily energy and carbohydrate intake was lower than that of the Chinese Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI, 2600 Kcal, 357.5 similar to 422.5g) by 11% similar to 17% and 33% similar to 49%, respectively; (2) the fat intake increased from 3% to 13%, which was 9 similar to 77% higher than the RNI (57 similar to 86.7g); (3) the protein intake exceeded the RNI of 85g by 32 similar to 53%; (4) the total calories consumed from carbohydrate (39%-44%), fat (34% similar to 42%) and protein (20%-23%) failed to meet Chinese RNI (5) the intake of vitamin C, B1, folate, zinc, dietary fiber, and calcium was 5% similar to 73% lower than the RNI while vitamin B-2, B-3, E, iron and selenium intake was 20% to 3 times higher than the RNI. Nutrient intake in the control group was lower for all nutrients than the recommended RNI. Conclusion: Lactating women on a self-selected diet did not meet the Chinese RNI for many important micronutrients, which may influence the nutritional composition of breast milk and thus impact the potential health of mothers and infants. RNI should consider the regional dietary habits and culture. A single national RNI is not applicable for all of China. Nutritional education into the community is needed

Data from: Effects of grazing on soil nitrogen spatial heterogeneity depend on herbivore assemblage and pre-grazing plant diversity

The spatial heterogeneity of limiting soil resources is an essential factor determining ecosystem processes and function. It has been reported that large herbivores can strongly impact the variation and spatial distribution pattern of soil nitrogen (N). However, it remains unclear how large herbivores affect soil spatial heterogeneity and whether this influence is dependent on plant community diversity. Here we examined effects of different herbivore assemblages [no grazing; cattle grazing (CG); sheep grazing (SG); and mixed grazing (MG) of cattle and sheep] on soil N spatial heterogeneity in grasslands with high and low pre-grazing plant diversity in an eastern Eurasian steppe. We found that herbivore grazing generated and maintained spatial patterns of soil nutrients, depending on herbivore assemblage and the level of pre-grazing plant diversity. CG increased the spatial heterogeneity of soil available N in Leymus chinensis-dominated steppe meadows, which were independent of pre-grazing plant diversity. However, the effects of SG and MG strongly depended on grassland plant diversity, with an increased spatial heterogeneity of soil available N in the high-diversity grassland, but not in the low-diversity grassland. Synthesis and applications. We concluded that in a L. chinensis-dominated eastern Eurasian steppe, cattle ranching could be considered as an optimal grazing management protocol to improve soil spatial heterogeneity because cattle grazing (CG) consistently increased soil spatial heterogeneity in the context of both low and high plant diversity. Nevertheless, soil spatial heterogeneity could be improved by any herbivore grazing regime [CG and/or sheep grazing (SG)] when high plant diversity is maintained. These findings highlight the importance of conserving plant diversity to maintain grassland structure and ecosystem function. In grassland systems with high plant diversity, herbivore grazing and plant diversity would jointly improve soil spatial heterogeneity, thus feeding back to maintain higher plant diversity. Therefore, high plant diversity could generate a positive feedback loop of herbivore–plant–soil interactions in grazed grassland systems. Our findings indicate the importance of herbivore assemblages in maintaining spatial heterogeneity in low- and high-diversity grassland systems