Design of an Auction-based Local Energy Market for Integrated Electricity and Heat Networks Coordinated with Wholesale Market

This article presents a market-based framework for coupling of electricity and heat sectors at the local level via power-to-heat (P2H) units. The considered local energy market (LEM) is designed based on an auction-based energy trading process which is settled by the integrated energy system operator (IESO) with the objective of social welfare maximization. Moreover, as part of the suggested mechanism, the coordination between the IESO and the transmission system operator (TSO) is considered to evaluate the mutual impact of the designed LEM on the wholesale electricity market (WEM) and vice versa. To this end, a bi-level programming model is employed, in which the LEM clearing problem is implemented at its upper level (UL) while the WEM clearing problem is executed at its lower level (LL). To assess the operation of the LEM and its coordination with the WEM, a case study is considered in which an integrated energy system (IES), including a 13-node electric distribution system and a 4-node district heating system, is connected to a 6-node transmission system.© IET. This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Optimal planning of a virtual power plant hosting an EV parking lot

With the increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EV) in the future, VPPs can take some actions for meeting their demand. This way, VPPs can increase their income by selling electric power to EVs and utilizing the battery of EVs as energy storage to facilitate the deployment of renewable energy resources. However, investing too much in charging stations may not have an acceptable return on investment. In this paper, we study the optimal operation and planning of a VPP which is located to certain part of the network and is composed of wind turbines, PV units, as well as unidirectional and bidirectional EV charging stations. In our proposed approach, optimal planning is done considering that the system will be operated optimally. According to the simulation results, EV owners' behavior could have a significant impact on the optimal planning decision of the VPP. In addition, optimal number of the unidirectional and bidirectional EV charging stations depend on the share of the PV and wind generation and the capacity of the line between the VPP and upstream grid.©2022 IET. This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in CIRED Porto Workshop 2022: E-mobility and power distribution systems and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record is available at the IET Digital Library.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Regulation of Electrical Distribution Companies via Efficiency Assessments and Reward-Penalty Scheme

Improving performance of electrical distribution companies, as the natural monopoly entities in electric industry, has always been one of the main concerns of the regulators. In this paper, a new incentive regulatory scheme is proposed to improve the performances of electrical distribution companies. The proposed scheme utilizes several efficiency assessments and a 3-dimentional reward-penalty scheme (3DRPS). Through efficiency assessments, economic efficiency and service quality, as two aspects of companies’ performances, are assessed and according to the results of such assessments, reasonable capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) for each company are calculated. Then, according to the reasonable CAPEX and OPEX, allowed revenues are calculated for next regulatory period. Moreover, the 3DRPS on quality is used to encourage the companies to maintain and improve their service quality during the regulatory period. The 3DRPS gives the incentive to the companies based on changes in their quality indices. The incentives are added to companies’ allowed revenues. Finally, the proposed scheme is applied to Iranian distribution companies and the results are discussed

Limitations of Information-Theoretic Generalization Bounds for Gradient Descent Methods in Stochastic Convex Optimization

To date, no "information-theoretic" frameworks for reasoning about generalization error have been shown to establish minimax rates for gradient descent in the setting of stochastic convex optimization. In this work, we consider the prospect of establishing such rates via several existing information-theoretic frameworks: input-output mutual information bounds, conditional mutual information bounds and variants, PAC-Bayes bounds, and recent conditional variants thereof. We prove that none of these bounds are able to establish minimax rates. We then consider a common tactic employed in studying gradient methods, whereby the final iterate is corrupted by Gaussian noise, producing a noisy "surrogate" algorithm. We prove that minimax rates cannot be established via the analysis of such surrogates. Our results suggest that new ideas are required to analyze gradient descent using information-theoretic techniques.Comment: 49 pages, 2 figures. To appear, Proc. International Conference on Algorithmic Learning Theory (ALT), 202

FAULT INDICATORS EFFECTS ON DISTRIBUTION RELIABILITY INDICES

SUMMAR

A hybrid method for recloser and sectionalizer placement in distribution networks considering protection coordination, fault type and equipment malfunction

Abstract An effective way to improve distribution system reliability is to place switches and protective equipment in the optimal location. Commonly, in the placement problem, the use of equipment in the designated location is assumed to be possible. But in practice, to establish protection coordination between the equipment, it is necessary to remove or relocate some of the equipment. This paper aims to increase distribution companies' profits and reduce customer interruption costs through a feasible solution. A new hybrid method for equipment placement has been proposed that simultaneously solves the protection coordination problem. While determining the optimal number and location of reclosers and sectionalizers, the proposed method ensures protection coordination between equipment (new and existing devices). Furthermore, to achieve a more realistic and accurate model, factors such as equipment malfunction, fault types (transient and permanent), and the relationship between these faults have been carefully considered to formulate the proposed method. In this method, to solve the optimization problems related to equipment placement and protection coordination, genetic algorithm, and linear programming in MATLAB software have been used, respectively. A real‐life distribution network has been utilized to evaluate the proposed method, and the results show the capability and robustness of this method