The Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Trichomonas Tenax and Entamoeba Gingivalis in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Trichomonas tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis are commensal protozoa which inhabit the human oral cavity. These parasites are found in patients with poor oral hygiene and might be a reason for progressive periodontal diseases. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on the frequency of these protozoa in saliva and plaque samples. MATERIALS AND METHOD In this clinical trial, samples of saliva and dental plaque were collected from 46 patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis before and after periodontal therapy. The samples were assessed for the frequency of parasites. RESULTS The frequency of Entamoeba gingivalis was reduced in saliva (p= 0.007) and plaque (p= 0.027) three weeks after the treatment. Likewise, the frequency of Trichomonas tenax reduced in saliva (p= 0.030); however, the decrease was not significant in plaque (p= 0.913). Trichomonas tenax frequency in dental plaque directly related to the severity of periodontitis (r= 0.565, p≤ 0.000). In contrast, the number of Entamoeba gingivalis in both saliva (r= -0.405, p≤ 0.005) and plaque (r= -0.304, p= 0.040) was inversely related with the severity of the periodontal disease. CONCLUSION Nonsurgical periodontal treatment could reduce the number of Trichomonas Tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis in the oral environment of patients with chronic periodontitis

Role of ABCB1 C3435T variant in response to antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy: a review

Over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the encoded product of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC), sub-family B, member 1 (ABCB1/MDR1) gene, plays an important role in mediating multidrug resistance to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in about 30% of patients with epilepsy. Genetic variation may in part explain inter-individual differences in phenotype-genotype relationships in the pharmacological response of epilepsy patients to AEDs. The synonymous C3435T polymorphism is one of the most common allelic variants in the ABCB1/MDR1 gene, proposed in the causation of refractory epilepsy. Many studies have shown the relationship between C3435T polymorphism and refractoriness to AEDs in epilepsy. However, there is controversy between the findings of various studies, that is, whether ABCB1/MDR1 C3435T gene polymorphism is associated with response to AEDs in epilepsy patients. This review provides a background and discusses the results of investigations on possible confounding factors affecting the interpretation and implementation of association studies in this area

GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism and epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AbstractPurposeThe gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor, gamma 2 (GABRG2) gene encodes the GABRγ2 protein, which has been implicated in susceptibility to epilepsy. Several studies have examined a possible link between the exonic GABRG2 rs211037 locus and susceptibility to febrile seizure (FS) and idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), however results have been inconclusive. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether this polymorphism is associated with FS or IGE.MethodsEight studies comprising 1871 epilepsy patients and 1387 controls, which evaluated association of the GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism with susceptibility to epilepsy, were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was carried out separately for FS and IGE.ResultsMeta-analysis showed a significant association between this polymorphism and susceptibility to FS in a codominant (TT vs. CC, OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30–0.73, p=0.0008 and TT vs. CT, OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42–0.83, p=0.003) and dominant (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39–0.75, p=0.0002) genetic models, influenced by two studies with small sample size. Neither allele nor genotype association was observed with IGE.ConclusionThis study showed significant association of GABRG2 rs211037 with susceptibility to FS, caused by two studies with small sample sizes, however the possibility of false positive results due to the effect of significant studies for FS cannot be excluded. Future studies with larger sample sizes of these patients are suggested to verify the results

Evaluation of the Effects of Diode (980 Nm) Laser on Gingival Inflammation after Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy

Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease, for which, scaling and root planning (SRP) is the common approach for non-surgical control of inflammation. Using lasers is another approach in the first phase of periodontal treatment for control of inflammation. Diode laser has some beneficial effects such as acceleration of wound healing, promotion of angiogenesis and augmentation of growth factor release. Thus the aim of this study is the evaluation of diode laser (980 nm) effect on gingival inflammation when it is used between the first and second phase of periodontal treatment, in comparison with common treatment (SRP) modality alone.Methods: In this study, 21 patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were selected and divided in to control group (SRP) and test group (SRP + laser). Two months after the last scaling and laser radiation, indexes including gingival level (GL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and modified gingival index (MGI) were recorded and compared with baseline.Results: Two months after the beginning of the study, all indices improved in both groups. The indices were not different between two groups except for BOP which was lower in laser group.Conclusion: Based on overall improvement in parameters such as superiority of laser application in some indices, lack of thermal damage and gingival recession with the specific settings used in this study, the application of laser as an adjunctive treatment together with common methods is preferable

Beitrag zur kaskadierten Fuzzy-Regelung eines feldorientiert betriebenen Asynchronmotors

Mit steigendem Bedarf an hochdynamischen Regelantrieben auf dem Gebiet der industriellen Automatisierungstechnik werden verstärkt Asynchronmotoren eingesetzt. Es wird ein Beitrag zur "Feldorientierten Regelung" des Asynchronmotors geleistet, wobei durch den Einsatz der "Fuzzy-Regler" das Ziel einer robusten Drehzahlregelung erreicht wird. Wegen der besonderen Vorteile wird eine Kaskadenstruktur gewählt. Zum Vergleich der erzielten Ergebnisse durch den Fuzzy-Regler wird ein konventionelles, kaskadiertes Pendant nach der Methode des Dämpfungsoptimums entworfen und verifiziert. Das Hauptproblem der Fuzzy-Regelung liegt in Optimierung der entworfenen Regler. Durch den Einsatz eines Neuro-Fuzzy-Systems wird versucht, ein möglichst optimales Regelergebnis im Hinblick auf das robuste Gesamtverhalten des Antriebs gegenüber Parametersensitivität zu erreichen. Bei der Feldorientierten Regelung ist die genaue Kenntnis der Rotorzeitkonstanten der Asynchronmaschine von großer Bedeutung, weil dieser Maschinenparameter eine starke Temperaturabhängigkeit im Betrieb aufweist. Da der Betrag nicht direkt bestimmbar ist, wird diese Größe im Regelfall indirekt erfaßt,denn die wichtigste Aufgabe einer exakten Feldorientierten Regelung besteht primär in der Überwachung und Nachführung der Rotorzeitkonstanten während des Betriebes. Es wird eine Methode zur Identifikation der Rotorzeitkonstanten vorgestellt, die die Reglerausgangsgrößen und deren Änderungen während des Betriebes benutzt und daraus Kennwerte berechnet, die zur Korrektur dem Prozeß zur Verfügung gestellt wird

Gingival Crevicular Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitor in Health, Disease and Treated Periodontitis

Proteinases have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes thought to be involved in periodontal tissue breakdown as well as tissue remodelling. MMPs are capable of degrading a variety of extracellular matrix components. Among these enzymes polymorphonuclear leucocyte derived collagenase (PMN-CL) and fibroblast derived collagenases (FIB-CL) have the unique ability to degrade type I, II and III collagens across the triple helix of the collagen fibre. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP), which are locally produced by host cells, inhibit these proteinases. TIMP appears to preferentially inhibit FIB-CL and stromelysin (SL). Most of the cells which produced FIB-CL and SL, also produce TIMP. No studies have so far been conducted on fibroblast derived MMPs and TIMP in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). These experiments were carried out to investigate the GCF levels of FIB-CL, SL and TIMP in relation to periodontal disease status. GCF samples were collected by means of sterile paper strips inserted into the crevice until mild resistance was felt and left for 30 seconds. GCF volume was assessed using the Periotron 6000. The enzymes and inhibitor levels were assayed using modifications of sandwich ELISAs described by Cooksley et al. (1990). Antibodies detected both active and latent MMPs and the free form of TIMP. The results were expressed as absolute amounts i.e. pg/30 seconds of sample collection. Using these methods, it was possible to assess all three GCF proteins in the same sample (paper strip). The clinical studies conducted in this thesis are; a) a cross-sectional study of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitor and b) a longitudinal study of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitor before and after treatment. The cross-sectional study was carried out to test the ability of GCF levels of FIB-CL, SL and TIMP to distinguish healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites. GCF samples were collected from forty patients, each provided three samples from healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites. The mean GCF levels (pg/30s) of SL and TIMP were significantly higher in diseased (gingivitis and periodontitis) when compared to healthy sites. Both the enzyme and inhibitor failed to differentiate gingivitis from periodontitis. SL and TIMP demonstrated moderate correlation with clinical parameters when pooled data from three categories of sites were used. FIB-CL reached the detectable level of the assay in only 20.8% of the sites and did not demonstrate association with disease status. The aim of the longitudinal study was to investigate the effects of periodontal therapy on the GCF levels of FIB-CL, SL and TIMP as well as the ability of the baseline levels of these proteins to predict the outcome of treatment. Twenty one patients with advanced periodontal disease, each providing 8 GCF samples, comprised the study population. GCF sampling and clinical recordings were performed at three time points namely, baseline (before treatment), reassessment (after hygiene phase therapy (HPT)) and at the follow-up (after additional therapy) examinations. Attachment level (AL) and pocket depth (PD) were measured using the "Florida probe". All patients received oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing. Further treatment needs were determined based on the pocket depths and the state of bleeding on probing (BOP) six weeks after HPT, at the reassessment visit. Follow-up examination was performed at least six weeks after additional therapy. Clinical parameters were reduced at both post therapy visits, while the mean level of SL decreased after HPT, TIMP level increased at this visit. Both proteins showed significant reduction at the follow-up visit. When sites were grouped according to their response to treatment, using different criteria i.e. PD, BOP and AL, this pattern of change was observed in all groups of sites which did or did not respond to treatment. The percentage of sites with detectable amounts of FIB-CL was 26.8%, 17.4% and 12% at three successive visits respectively. Baseline GCF levels of MMPs and TIMP failed to predict the outcome of treatment. The association between clinical and biochemical parameters were investigated in several situations. Of these, SL and TIMP demonstrated significant and positive correlation with GCF volume only in the group of sites which gained attachment after therapy. As FIB-CL was detected in very small number of sites, no attempt was made to correlate its level with the clinical parameters. The failure of SL and TIMP to distinguish gingivitis from periodontitis sites could be due to the fact that probing depths served as a differentiating factor between these groups of sites, keeping in mind that probing depth measurements taken at one point in time do not necessarily reflect active periodontal destruction. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)

Correlation study of rs833061, rs2010963 polymorphisms in VEGF-A gene in Iranian colorectal cancer patients

Background and aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels in the body that plays a critical role in tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, it was aimed to examine 2 Gene Polymorphism of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Iranian patients. Methods: In this case-control study, 280 patients with colon adenocarcinoma selected of the pathology centers in Tehran (Sina and Taleghani) hospital as cases and 372 healthy subjects as controls were selected from the same centers. Control subjects were matched according to sex and age. Patients with positive family history of cancer were excluded. Data collected included age, sex, tumor location, stage of disease and cancer tissue. In this study, it was used Real time PCR techniques to genotype rs833061 and rs2010963 polymorphisms. Results: Colorectal cancer in men was more than women (62.7%). Age of most people was under 60 years. Most tumors were located in the colon (69. From the point of tumor tissue differentiation, most of them were placed in the moderate level (54.8%) and pathology stage most of them were in stage III (72.5%). In the current study, between the two groups in terms of susceptibility to colorectal cancer, it was a significant relationship based on onset age T/C genotype of rs833061 polymorphism with age<60 (P=0.008). Conclusion: The results of this study show that people who have been named genotype are more sensitive than others to the risk of colorectal cancer, and also due to the increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer diseases in the worldwide and possibility of prevention, it can be used this genotype as molecular markers for early detection of the disease

Association between mandibular second molars calcification stages in the panoramic images and cervical vertebral maturity in the lateral cephalometric images

Determination of maturation and evaluation of growth potential is extremely important in clinical orthodontics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the mandibular second molar calcification stages for identification of growth phases. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, samples were derived from panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms of 125 subjects (61 males and 64 females) with age ranging from 8 to 17 years and estimates of dental maturity (Demirjian Index [DI]) and skeletal maturity (Cervical vertebral maturation indicators CVMI]) were made. Correlations between DI and CVMI were shown by Spearman?s correlation. The diagnostic performance of the DI for the identification of the growth phase were evaluated using positive likelihood ratios (LHRs), with a threshold of ?10 for satisfactory performance. Correlations between second molar calcification and growth phase were 0.819 for females and 0.805 for males (P-value< 0.0001). LHR ?10 was only observed for the identification of the post-pubertal growth phase for the H stage of the second molar. In spite of the high correlation coefficients between mandibular second molar calcification stages and skeletal maturity, these stages are reliable only for the identification of the post pubertal growth phase

Provenance-Centered Dataset of Drug-Drug Interactions

Over the years several studies have demonstrated the ability to identify potential drug-drug interactions via data mining from the literature (MEDLINE), electronic health records, public databases (Drugbank), etc. While each one of these approaches is properly statistically validated, they do not take into consideration the overlap between them as one of their decision making variables. In this paper we present LInked Drug-Drug Interactions (LIDDI), a public nanopublication-based RDF dataset with trusty URIs that encompasses some of the most cited prediction methods and sources to provide researchers a resource for leveraging the work of others into their prediction methods. As one of the main issues to overcome the usage of external resources is their mappings between drug names and identifiers used, we also provide the set of mappings we curated to be able to compare the multiple sources we aggregate in our dataset.Comment: In Proceedings of the 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC) 201

Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Use and Periodontal Health in 15‐ to 44‐Year‐Old US Females

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141038/1/jper1008.pd