Multiple Sclerosis: A Disorder of Altered T-Cell Homeostasis

Uncertainty exists as to whether similar or different mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of different subtypes of multiple sclerosis (MS). Detailed analysis of naive T cell homeostasis shows that patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and with primary progressive MS (PPMS) have early-onset thymic involution that causes reduced thymic output. The reduced thymic output leads to secondary peripheral homeostatic alterations in naïve CD4 T-cells, which closely mimic T-cell alterations observed in an experimental animal model of diabetes mellitus. Homeostatic T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling and proliferation of naïve T cells are induced by self-peptides. Consequently, the findings of increased TCR signalling of naïve CD4 T-cells, without increased proliferation, in PPMS, and the increased homeostatic proliferation of naïve CD4 T-cells in RRMS favour the development of autoimmunity. Thus, it seems highly likely that peripheral T-cell alterations secondary to a thymic abnormality contribute to the pathogenesis of both MS subtypes

Ordinary rickets, with special reference to its symptoms, aetiology and treatment

Rickets being such a common disease to which young children of many countries are prono, and the variety of tissues it affects, make it a subject of great importance and interest. The causation of the condition, even at the present time, is still a problem that is not apparently clearly solved, as so many authorities on the subject hold widely different opinions. Recent experiments seem to show that lack of sufficient exercise is an important factor in experimental rickets in animals. And this is of great interest in view of the generally accepted doctrine that rickets is duo to dietetic and hygienic errors

College and Career Ready: What’s the Library Got to Do With It?

College and Career Ready, Career Clusters, and Career Pathways are buzz words often heard but not always understood. These terms will be discussed as information about the collaborative activities between Emporia High School (EHS) and Flint Hills Technical College (FHTC) is shared. One responsibility of Emporia High School guidance counselors is to assist students in exploring and choosing career pathway courses. To support the counselors, the librarians at both institutions have created resources and activities that engage students in career exploration. The FHTC librarian created a LibGuide that includes online handbooks, reports, and crosswalks from FHTC programs to the six career fields and sixteen career clusters. Resources and activities created by the EHS librarian for the career fair, which helped students explore their learning styles and career interests, will be discussed. Although the activities are specific to these institutions they can be generalized for other settings

Health Seeking Behaviour by Cape-Townians: A mini-research by first year student nurses at a College for Nursing in Cape Town

The author was asked by a student nurse to use South African examples when teaching, as the textbooks were either American or English, and they wanted sociology that applied to their own environment. In the next year of teaching the prescribed objectives concerning "Health Seeking Behaviour", it was suggested that the students question the populace, and find out for themselves how South Africans behaved when they thought they were ill. By doing this it was hoped that it would also give deeper insights into the meaning people attributed to illness/sickness

A guide for conducting high school curriculum workshops

Call number: LD2668 .R4 1963 H13

The story so far: an in situ pairing of chemical oceanography and physiology

Climate change is a pressing environmental concern, and understanding how abiotic variation contributes to population dynamics and persistence may ultimately predict the fates of species. Ocean acidification negatively impacts a range of species, including those using calcium carbonate for shell formation such as shellfish, which are important as ecosystem engineers and for food security. While much is known about carbonate chemistry and impacts of ocean acidification on the U.S. Pacific coast, there is limited regional information in British Columbia (BC), especially in socio-economically important coastal zones for aquaculture and migrating fisheries populations. Laboratory experimentation mimicking future climate scenarios provide valuable information on biological impacts under controlled conditions, but do not take into account the natural environmental fluctuations of coastal environments that may influence population persistence. This research program combines lower trophic level monitoring (plankton analysis), physiological responses (functional genomics of commercial bivalves) and high speed near real-time oceanographic monitoring at a field site in the northern Salish Sea, to provide information on system variability and its biological impacts on coastal ecosystems. Site abiotic variability will be discussed in the context of pre-industrial to current condition effects on species. Shellfish gene expression data will focus on population plasticity or microevolutionary adaptation to seasonal, optimal and sub-optimal calcium carbonate conditions over the short and long-term

Sentential negation of abstract and concrete conceptual categories: a brain decoding multivariate pattern analysis study

We rarely use abstract and concrete concepts in isolation but rather embedded within a linguistic context. To examine the modulatory impact of the linguistic context on conceptual processing, we isolated the case of sentential negation polarity, in which an interaction occurs between the syntactic operator not and conceptual information in the negation's scope. Previous studies suggested that sentential negation of concrete action-related concepts modulates activation in the fronto-parieto-temporal action representation network. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we examined the influence of negation on a wider spectrum of meanings, by factorially manipulating sentence polarity (affirmative, negative) and fine-grained abstract (mental state, emotion, mathematics) and concrete (related to mouth, hand, leg actions) conceptual categories. We adopted a multivariate pattern analysis approach, and tested the accuracy of a machine learning classifier in discriminating brain activation patterns associated to the factorial manipulation. Searchlight analysis was used to localize the discriminating patterns. Overall, the neural processing of affirmative and negative sentences with either an abstract or concrete content could be accurately predicted by means of multivariate classification. We suggest that sentential negation polarity modulates brain activation in distributed representational semantic networks, through the functional mediation of syntactic and cognitive control systems