KONTRIBUSI POWER OTOT TUNGKAI, KELENTUKAN TOGOK, DAN POWER OTOT LENGAN TERHADAP JUMPING SERVICE DALAM PERMAINAN BOLAVOLI KLUB BOLAVOLI PUTRA PRAYOGA WONOGIRI TAHUN 2012

Dwi Hadmojo.KONTRIBUSI POWER OTOT TUNGKAI, KELENTUKAN TOGOK, DAN POWER OTOT LENGAN TERHADAP JUMPING SERVICE DALAM PERMAINAN BOLAVOLI KLUB BOLAVOLI PUTRA PRAYOGA WONOGIRI TAHUN 2012. Skripsi, Surakarta : Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Mei 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui :1) Kontribusi yang diberikan oleh power otot tungkai dengan ketepatan jumping service bolavoli pada klub bolavoli putra PrayogaWonogiri tahun 2012. 2) Kontribusi yang diberikan oleh kelentukan togok dengan ketepatan jumping service bolavoli pada klub bolavoli putra Prayoga Wonogiri tahun 2012. 3) Kontribusi yang diberikan oleh power otot lengan dengan ketepatan jumping service bolavoli pada klub bolavoli putra Prayoga Wonogiri tahun 2012. 4) Kontribusi yang diberikan oleh power otot tungkai, kelentukan togok, power otot lengan terhadap ketepatan jumping service bolavoli pada klub bolavoli putra Prayoga Wonogiri tahun 2012. .Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan studi korelasional yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji variabel-variabel yang pasti. Dimana penelitian ini akan mendeskripsikan hubungan antara variabel-variabel prediktor yaitu power otot tungkai, kelentukan togok dan power otot lengan terhadap variabel kriterium yaitu jumping servicebolavoli. Penelitian ini menggunakan subjek penelitian yang merupakan objek utama untuk diteliti dalam sebuah penelitian. Subjek data penelitian ini adalah seluruh atlet Bolavoli Putra Prayoga Wonogiri yang berjumlah 20 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data digunakan teknik tes. Tes yang dilakukan untuk pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan tes kemampuan jumping service bolavoli dari Pusat Kesegaran Jasmani dan Rekreasi (2003: 8-9). Tes tersebut dilaksanakan 2 kali yaitu test dan retest. Hasil penelitian: hasil penelitian diperoleh dari hasil analisis korelasi tiap prediktor, hasil analisis power otot tungkai terhadap kemampuan jumping service bolavoli diperoleh nilai r = 0,4764 dan rtabel= 0.444nilai(rhitung > rtabel), besarnya kontribusi yang diberikan adalah17,388214 %. Hasil analisis Kelentukan togok terhadap kemampuan jumping service bolavoli diperoleh nilai r = 0,0,45 dan rtabel= 0.444 nilai (rhitung > rtabel), besarnya kontribusi yang diberikan adalah 4,52 %. Sedangkan hasil analisis power otot lengan terhadap kemampuan jumping service bolavoli diperoleh nilai r = 0,4627 dan rtabel = 0.444 nilai (rhitung > rtabel), besarnya kontribusi yang diberikan adalah 9,03 %. Kontribusiefektif power otot tungkai, kelentukan togok, dan power otot lengan terhadap jumping service bolavoli diperoleh nilai sebesar 30.94 %. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah :1) Besarnya kontribusi power otot tungkai terhadap kemampuan jumping service pada pemain putra klub Prayoga Wonogiri tahun 2012, adalah 17,388214 %. 2) Besarnya kontribusi kelentukan togok terhadap kemampuan jumping service pada pemain putra klub Prayoga Wonogiri tahun 2012, adalah 4,519708 %. 3) Besarnya kontribusi power otot lengan terhadap kemampuan jumping service pada pemain putra klub Prayoga Wonogiri tahun 2012, adalah 9,0324366 %. 4) Besarnya kontribusi power otot tungkai, kelentukan togok, dan power otot lengan terhadap kemampuan jumping service pada pemain putra klub PrayogaWonogir itahun 2012, adalah 30.94 %. Kata kunci: Jumping Service Bolavoli, power otot tungkai, kelentukan togok dan power otot lenga

The Composition of Catches Belat During the Day and Night in the Village of Bunga Siak Regency of Riau, Indonesia

This study was held in the village of Bungaraya, Siak Regency of Riau. The purpose of the study is to find out the composition of catches and the splint during night. The method used is the survey method. The fish consists of four types i.e. rasau, shrimp fish catch pole, fish baung and selais. The results of the analysis of the data on catches during the day and night there are differences the amount of weight or number of individuals where the catch at night more than it is during the day, because the target fish species are nocturnal

Development of n-Type Porphyrin Acceptors for Panchromatic Light-Harvesting Fullerene-Free Organic Solar Cells

The development of n-type porphyrin acceptors is challenging in organic solar cells. In this work, we synthesized a novel n-type porphyrin acceptor, P-Zn-TNI, via the introduction of the electron withdrawing naphthalene imide (NI) moiety at the meso position of zinc porphyrin (Pz(Zn)). P-Zn-TNI has excellent thermal stability and unique bimodal absorption with a strong Soret band (300-600 nm) and weak Q-band (600-800 nm). The weak long-wavelength absorption of P-Zn-TNI was completely covered by combining the low bandgap polymer donor, PTB7-Th, which realized the well-balanced panchromatic photon-to-current conversion in the range of 300-800 nm. Notably, the one-step reaction of the NI moiety from a commercially available source leads to the cheap and simple n-type porphyrin synthesis. The substitution of four NIs in P-Zn ring induced sufficient n-type characteristics with proper HOMO and LUMO energy levels for efficient charge transport with PTB7-Th. Fullerene-free organic solar cells based-on PTB7-Th:P-Zn-TNI were investigated and showed a promising PCE of 5.07% without any additive treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest PCE in the porphyrin-based acceptors without utilization of the perylene diimide accepting unit

Monolithic Perovskite-Perovskite-Organic Triple-Junction Solar Cells with a Voltage Output Exceeding 3 V

Monolithic integration of perovskite-perovskite-organic subcells yields a triple-junction solar cell with a record open-circuit voltage of 3.03 V and a power conversion efficiency of 19.4%. The proposed triple-junction architecture represents a milestone toward scalable photovoltaics, targeting efficiencies beyond the limit of single-junction devices.</p

Fullerene-Free Organic Solar Cells with an Efficiency of 10.2% and an Energy Loss of 0.59 eV Based on a Thieno[3,4-c]Pyrrole-4,6-dione-Containing Wide Band Gap Polymer Donor

Although the combination of wide band gap polymer donors and narrow band gap small-molecule acceptors achieved state-of-the-art performance as bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layers for organic solar cells, there have been only several of the wide band gap polymers that actually realized high-efficiency devices over &gt;10%. Herein, we developed high-efficiency, low-energy-loss fullerene-free organic solar cells using a weakly crystalline wide band gap polymer donor, PBDTTPD-HT, and a nonfullerene small-molecule acceptor, ITIC. The excessive intermolecular stacking of ITIC is efficiently suppressed by the miscibility with PBDTTPD-HT, which led to a well-balanced nanomorphology in the PBDTTPD-HT/ITIG BHJ active films. The favorable optical; electronic, and energetic properties of PBDTTPD-HT with respect to ITIC achieved panchromatic photon-to-current conversion with a remarkably low energy loss (0.59 eV)

Improved performance of dye-sensitized solar cells using dual-function TiO2 nanowire photoelectrode

A unique, hierarchically structured, aggregated TiO2 nanowire (A-TiO2-nw) is prepared by solvothermal synthesis and used as a dual-functioning photoelectrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The A-TiO2-nw shows improved light scattering compared to conventional TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-np) and dramatically enhanced dye adsorption compared to conventional scattering particles (CSP). The A-TiO2-nw is used as a scattering layer for bilayer photoelectrodes (TiO2-np/A-TiO2-nw) in DSSCs to compare the cell performance to that of devices using state-of-the-art photoelectrode architectures (TiO2-np/CSP). The DSSCs fabricated using bilayers of TiO2-np/A-TiO2-nw show improved power conversion efficiency (9.1%) and current density (14.88 mA cm(-2)) compared to those using single-layer TiO2-np (7.6% and 11.84 mA cm(-2)) or TiO2-np/CSP bilayer structures (8.7% and 13.81 mA cm(-2)). The unique contribution of the A-TiO2-nw layers to the device performance is confirmed by studying the incident photon-to-current efficiency. The enhanced external quantum efficiencies at approximately 520 nm and 650 nm clearly reveal the dual functionality of A-TiO2-nw. These unique properties of A-TiO2-nw may be applied in other devices utilizing light-scattering n-type semiconductor

Efficient Hybrid Tandem Solar Cells Based on Optical Reinforcement of Colloidal Quantum Dots with Organic Bulk Heterojunctions

While colloidal quantum dot photovoltaic devices (CQDPVs) can achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of approximate to 12%, their insufficient optical absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) regime impairs efficient utilization of the full spectrum of visible light. Here, high-efficiency, solution-processed, hybrid series, tandem photovoltaic devices are developed featuring CQDs and organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive materials for front- and back-cells, respectively. The organic BHJ back-cell efficiently harvests the transmitted NIR photons from the CQD front-cell, which reinforces the photon-to-current conversion at 350-1000 nm wavelengths. Optimizing the short-circuit current density balance of each sub-cell and creating a near ideal series connection using an intermediate layer achieve a PCE (12.82%) that is superior to that of each single-junction device (11.17% and 11.02% for the CQD and organic BHJ device, respectively). Notably, the PCE of the hybrid tandem device is the highest among the reported CQDPVs, including single-junction devices and tandem devices. The hybrid tandem device also exhibits almost negligible degradation after air storage for 3 months. This study suggests a potential route to improve the performance of CQDPVs by proper hybridization with NIR-absorbing photoactive materials

Geometrically controlled organic small molecule acceptors for efficient fullerene-free organic photovoltaic devices

Organic small molecule (SM) acceptors containing a perylene diimide (PDI) moiety, F2B-T2PDI and T2PDI are synthesized, and the effects of their molecular geometry on the performance of fullerene-free organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices are investigated. The SM acceptors possess a PDI-core-PDI structure in which the PDI wing is connected to conjugated core units. By incorporation of a 2,5-difluorobenzene (F2B) moiety within the core unit, the planarity of the conjugated core is enhanced and the energy levels of the SM acceptor are down-shifted. In terms of molecular geometry, the F2B-containing SM acceptor, F2B-T2PDI, has a rigid core, which can symmetrically align the two PDI wings and enhance molecular packing. As a result, improved electron transport and bulk heterojunction morphology of the active layers are achieved. Furthermore, the incorporation of the F2B moiety effectively down-shifts the HOMO energy level, preventing back-transfer of holes from the acceptor to the cathode and enhancing the absorption of complementary wavelengths of the donor polymer, PTB7-Th. Leveraged by the beneficial geometric and energetic effects from the incorporation of F2B units, the power conversion efficiency of fullerene-free OPV devices using F2B-T2PDI reached 5%, whereas that using T2PDI was 3.63%.clos

High-efficiency organic solar cells prepared using a halogen-free solution process

Although the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices has recently improved to more than 16%, halogenated solution processes are typically employed to obtain optimal performance. However, halogenated processing is harmful to health and the environment, which can be a significant obstacle to commercialization. Therefore, development of active materials processable under halogen-free conditions is of great importance in this field. In this study, a 16.04% OPV device, processed under halogen-free conditions, is developed by employing a new active-blend system, PBDTTPD-HT:BTP-2F-BO. It is highly soluble in halogen-free solvents, forming a preferential bulk-heterojunction morphology. The PBDTTPD-HT:BTP-2F-BO device achieves a PCE comparable with current state-of-the-art devices based on PBDB-TF:BTP-4F (also known as PM6:Y6) using a conventional halogenated process (16.40% versus 16.33%). Furthermore, it demonstrates a significantly higher PCE than the PBDB-TF:BTP-4F device with a halogen-free process (16.04% versus 9.70%)