KETAHANAN PAPAN KOMPOSIT DARI LIMBAH KAYU SENGON DAN KARTON TERHADAP RAYAP KAYU KERING DAN RAYAP TANAH

URL: http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/perennial/article/view/56This study was aimed to analyze the resistance of composites board made from wafer and carton or paper overlaid on drywood termite and subterranean termite. Materials used in this study were wafer from sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen), water based polymer isocyanate adhesive, veneer, and several kind of carton and paper such as duplex carton, recycle carton, corrugate board, and waste of cement sack. The target density was 0.65 g/cm3, while the resin solid content was 6%. The result of this study showed that no significantly different on infection rate of drywood termite among of composite board types and solid wood. The weight loose of composites board were 1.2???3.8%, while solid wood was 2.7%. Composites board more favorable to infection Macrotermes gilvus than solid wood. The weight loose of composites board were 19.3 ??? 28.8%, while solid wood was 12.6%

Binderless Particleboard Resistance to Termite Attack

URL: http://www.forestprod.org/buy_publications/forest_products_journal.phpThree particleboard types, including urea-formaldehyde (UF), melamine-formaldehyde (MF), and binderless, were made from three wood species, sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), gmelina (Gmelina arborea), and mindi (Melia azedarach). Wood particle sizes of 10 to 20 mesh were manufactured for the 30 by 30 by 0.7-cm (length by width by thickness) boards, with 0.75 g/cm3 as the density target. Binderless particleboards were made through particle activation with hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate as the catalyst, and the boards were hot pressed at 180??C for 12 minutes. For the purpose of comparison, conventional particleboards were made with UF and MF, with the resin level at 10 percent and the boards hot pressed at 120??C for 7 minutes. All particleboards were conditioned for 8 months prior to testing against the subterranean termite (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) in laboratory and field tests, and against the dry wood termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light) in laboratory tests. Results showed that wood species affected particleboard resistance in both of the subterranean termite tests and that the type of particleboard affected board resistance in field tests. Particleboard from sengon wood had the lowest resistance in both tests, followed by from gmelina and mindi woods, and particleboards with UF and MF resins had better resistance than binderless particleboard in field tests. Particleboard type and wood species did not affect board resistance to dry wood termite attack

Crystal Structure of Nd1.2FeO3 Oxide Material and Its Rietveld Refinement Analysis

The crystal structure of Nd1.2FeO3 oxide material synthesized by varying calcination temperatures was determined using the X-ray diffraction method. Further analysis by Rietveld refinement using software Rietica showed that all of the samples have an orthorhombic phase structure. The lattice constants of each a sample with variation of calcination temperature is a = 5.581059 ± 0.000736 Å, b = 7.758627 ± 0.000947 Å, c = 5.448341 ± 0.000665 Å; a = 5.580203 ± 0.000695 Å, b = 7.756789 ± 0.000908 Å, c = 5.447646 ± 0.000626 Å; and a = 5.580402 ± 0.000704 Å, b = 7.758957 ± 0.000919 Å, c = 5.449350 ± 0.000634 Å, respectively. The results of lattice constant were associated with the value of Goodness of Fit (GoF) is 0.9101%, 0.8726%, and 0.9303%, respectively. That has a strong indication of a qualified matching between the NdFeO3 model numbers of COD 2003124 with the current experimental results. The value of FWHM and the crystal size of Nd1.2FeO3 samples are 0.22o and 372 nm. The results showed that the variation of calcination temperature has not a significant change in the crystal size and homogeneity of the atomic crystal structure. These results are confirmed by simulation of the atomic structure using the Diamond software, the dominant peak of hkl (121)

Influence of Annealing Time Variation on Crystal Structure and Morphology of Oxide Material Nd1.2FeO3 by Solid-State Reaction Method

NdFeO3 is one of the oxide material can be detected various gases, like S/O2, CO, H2S, etc. In this research, Nd1.2FeO3 as oxide material have been synthesized by solid-state reaction with a variation of annealing time. Characterized by XRD shows that the samples have form crystal perovskite structure with dominant phase and peak intensity correspond to hkl (121). FWHM value for the dominant peak was 0.22°. The crystallite of the samples was determined using Debye Scherer formula were 393.08, 393.10, and 393.10 nm, respectively. While the SEM characterized showed the morphology of the samples was homogenous with grain size estimates of 0.2μm. These results indicate the variation of annealing time 1, 2, and 3 hours did not significantly affect the crystallinity and morphology of Nd1.2FeO3 oxide material

The Effects of Calcination Temperatures on Crystal Structures and Morphologies of Nd1.2FeO3 Synthesized by Solid-State Reaction

NdFeO3 is one of the oxide alloys that can be used as a raw material for gas sensor. The NdFeO3 have been synthesized using solid state reaction method by varying calcination temperatures of 750oC, 850oC, and 950oC for 6 h. All of the Nd1.2FeO3 samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify their morphologies and phases. The results show that all of the samples formed major phase is NdFeO3 and minor phase of Nd2O3 and have homogenous morphology with estimating grain size is 0,2 μm for all samples. The value of FWHM and the crystal size of Nd1.2FeO3 was obtained for each sample is 0.22º and 372 nm. The orthorhombic phase with a dominant peak at hkl (121) is an indication that material has potential application as a gas senso

Influence of High Sintering Temperature Variation on Crystal Structure and Morphology of Nd1.2FeO3 Oxide Alloy Material by Solid-State Reaction Method

Nd1.2FeO3 powders type perovskite structure was prepared by a solid-state reaction method. This research has been conducted with the recurring heating process at high temperature. The raw material consisted of Nd2O3 (99.99 %) and Fe2O3 (99.99 %) which characterized by XRD to confirm the phase and using SEM to identify the morphology structure of the sample. Result characterized by XRD confirms the phase of NdFeO3 and Nd2O3 with the formation of NdFeO3 having the orthorhombic structure (perovskite type). The value of FWHM and the average crystal size of NdFeO3 was obtained for each sample is 0.20º and 409 nm. While SEM studies showed the surface morphology of Nd1.2FeO3 has homogeneous granules with grain size estimates is 0.2 μm. These results indicate that sample Nd1.2FeO3 was a good candidate for gas sensor materials

Morphological and Structural Analysis of Nd1(Fe)0.2Ba1.8Cu3O7-δ Oxide Material

Nd1(Fe)0.2Ba1.8Cu3O7-δ oxide material have been successfully synthesized by solid-state reaction with modified heat treatment process to improve the heat time efficiency, calcination at 950 ̊C for six hours, sintering at 975 ̊C fo six hours, and annealing at 450 ̊C for six hours, respectively. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that a single-phase form of Nd1(Fe)0.2Ba1.8Cu3O7-δ is an orthorhombic (Pmmm) structure. The Rietveld refinement analysis found, the lattice parameter are a = 3.8758Å, b = 3.9101Å, and c = 11.7190Å with χ2 = 1.394%. The SEM-EDAX image shows that the samples are form clusters with size estimates of 10 - 40μm, and the elemental composition of the oxide materials is Ba rich

Synthesis of ytterbium- doped neodymium ferrite oxide using solid-state reaction method and its characterization

The Yb doped NdFeO3 using a solid-state reaction method has successfully synthesized. In this paper, Nd1-xYbxFeO3 samples were synthesized by varying the molar ratio of Yb at ×  = 0.01, x  = 0.05, and ×  = 0.10 using solid-state reaction with two routes of heat treatment processes. Results of X-ray diffraction show that all samples have an orthorhombic structure with two phases: NdFeO3 as a major phase and Nd2O3 as a minor phase. FWHM value for a maximum peak is 0.2°, so the estimated crystal size is 40 nm, with the dominant peak corresponding to hkl (1 2 1). Morphology properties used SEM Image shows grain size of al sample estimated at 0.4 μm. The presence of Yb is quantitatively confirmed based on the EDS result

Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Activities of Spilanthes filicaulis Whole Plant Extracts for the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: Spilanthes filicaulis is a tropical herb implicated as a memory enhancer in ethnomedicine. Objective: The study investigated acetyl/butyryl cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of different extracts of S. filicaulis whole plant and correlated them to its phytochemical constituents. Methods: The powdered whole plant was successively extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and Butyryl cholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activity were evaluated by Ellman colorimetry assay. Antioxidant activity was tested using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging assays. Total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin were estimated using standard methods. Correlation was determined using Quest Graph™ Regression Calculator. Results: Various extracts exhibited concentration-dependent AChE and BuChE inhibitory activity with ethyl acetate extract being the highest with IC50 of 0.77 μg/mL and 0.92 μg/mL for AChE and BuChE respectively. The ethyl acetate extract also showed the highest reducing power when compared with the other extracts. The methanol extract had slightly higher phenolic and flavonoid content and showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging effect. DPPH scavenging, AChE and BuChE inhibition had high correlation with the total flavonoid content with R2 values of 1.00, 0.800 and 0.992 respectively while nitric oxide scavenging had high correlation with phenolics and tannins with R2 = 0.942 and 0.806 respectively. Conclusion: These results show that the extracts of the whole plant of S. filicaulis possess significant AChE/BuChE inhibitory and antioxidant properties, mostly due to its flavonoid content, suggesting the possible use of the plant in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD

Pengaruh Penambahan Lapisan Karton Daur Ulang Terhadap Kualitas Papan Komposit

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan lapisan korban daur ulang terhadap kualitas papan komposit yang terbuat dari dua jenis kayu cepat tumbuh serta geometri partikel yang berbeda. Parameter kualitas yang dianalisis terdiri atas sifat fisik dan sifat mekanis. Bahan yang digunakan adalah wafer dan serutan dari jenis sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) dan kayu akasia (Acacia mangium), perekat water based polymer isocyanate, serta karton daur ulang. Kerapatan sasaran papan ditetapkan sebesar 0,7 g/cm3, sementara kadar perekat padatan adalah 6% dari berat kering partikel dan bahan pelapis. Parameter sifat fisik dan mekanis yang diuji meliputi kadar air, pengembangan tebal, keteguhan patah, modulus elastisitas dan keteguhan rekat. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Penambahan lapisan karton secara umum meningkatkan kekuatan mekanis papan, 2) Papan komposit yang terbuat dari partikel berbentuk wafer memiliki nilai sifat fisik dan mekanis yang lebih baik dari papan yang terbuat dari partikel berbentuk serutan, 3) Sifat fisik papan yang terbuat dari jenis kayu akasia cenderung lebih baik dari pada yang dibuat dari jenis kayu sengon, 4) Keteguhan patah dari papan yang terbuat dari kayu sengon lebih tinggi dari akasia, akan tetapi nilai modulus elastisitasnya lebih rendah