17 research outputs found

    Nano-Positioning Test platform for Free-Space Six-Port Interferometric Distance Measurements

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    International audienceContinuous wave (CW) millimeter-wave radars have gained the interest from industry for accurate subwavelength distance measurements. In particular, the six-port radar architecture presents advantages such as high resolution combined with low-power consumption and low-cost implementation in the millimeter-wave regime. In this effort, a new test platform based on fully automated piezo-electric nanopositioning stages that simulates moving targets in XYZ directions with centimeter range combined with nanometer resolution is described. The test platform is crucial to yield performance metrics in terms of repeatability, sensitivity and accuracy. Preliminary experimental results considering a WR15 six-port CW radar designed and realized for harsh environment operation are presented to validate the approach proposed

    An interferometric scanning microwave microscope and calibration method for sub-fF microwave measurements

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    International audienceWe report on an adjustable interferometric set-up for Scanning Microwave Microscopy. This interferometer is designed in order to combine simplicity, a relatively flexible choice of the frequency of interference used for measurements as well as the choice of impedances range where the interference occurs. A vectorial calibration method based on a modified 1-port error model is also proposed. Calibrated measurements of capacitors have been obtained around the test frequency of 3.5 GHz down to about 0.1 fF. Comparison with standard vector network analyzer measurements is shown to assess the performance of the proposed system

    Near-Field Scanning Millimeter-Wave Microscope Operating Inside a Scanning Electron Microscope: Towards Quantitative Electrical Nanocharacterization

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    The main objectives of this work are the development of fundamental extensions to existing scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) technology to achieve quantitative complex impedance measurements at the nanoscale. We developed a SMM operating up to 67 GHz inside a scanning electron microscope, providing unique advantages to tackle issues commonly found in open-air SMMs. Operating in the millimeter-wave frequency range induces high collimation of the evanescent electrical fields in the vicinity of the probe apex, resulting in high spatial resolution and enhanced sensitivity. Operating in a vacuum allows for eliminating the water meniscus on the tip apex, which remains a critical issue to address modeling and quantitative analysis at the nanoscale. In addition, a microstrip probing structure was developed to ensure a transverse electromagnetic mode as close as possible to the tip apex, drastically reducing radiation effects and parasitic apex-to-ground capacitances with available SMM probes. As a demonstration, we describe a standard operating procedure for instrumentation configuration, measurements and data analysis. Measurement performance is exemplarily shown on a staircase microcapacitor sample at 30 GHz

    Electromagnetic Modeling in Near-Field Scanning Microwave Microscopy Highlighting Limitations in Spatial and Electrical Resolutions

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    International audienceNear-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM) is a scanning probe microscopy (SPM) technique that measures the local interaction of evanescent microwaves with a sample using a sharp tip probe. The traceability in NSMM is still challenging as the distribution of the electrical fields is affected by several parameters. In this effort, finite element method (FEM) based electromagnetic modeling methods are used to study the effects of the wavelength of operation and the humidity on the spatial and electrical resolutions respectively. From the simulated data, it is demonstrated that the lateral resolution is improved with increasing the frequency of operation. Furthermore, the existence and influence of a water meniscus is highlighted by fine comparison between simulated and measured data. To face these issues, an alternative near-field scanning millimeter-wave microscopy working in a controlled environment is proposed. Keywords-near-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM); finite element method (FEM); electromagnetic modeling; vector network analyzer (VNA); scanning electron microscope (SEM)

    Delivery decision in pregnant women rescued by ECMO for severe ARDS: a retrospective multicenter cohort study

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    International audienceAbstract Background Although rarely addressed in the literature, a key question in the care of critically pregnant women with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), especially at the time of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) decision, is whether delivery might substantially improve the mother’s and child’s conditions. This multicenter, retrospective cohort aims to report maternal and fetal short- and long-term outcomes of pregnant women with ECMO-rescued severe ARDS according to the timing of the delivery decision taken before or after ECMO cannulation. Methods We included critically ill women with ongoing pregnancy or within 15 days after a maternal/child-rescue-aimed delivery supported by ECMO for a severe ARDS between October 2009 and August 2021 in four ECMO centers. Clinical characteristics, critical care management, complications, and hospital discharge status for both mothers and children were collected. Long-term outcomes and premature birth complications were assessed. Results Among 563 women on venovenous ECMO during the study period, 11 were cannulated during an ongoing pregnancy at a median (range) of 25 (21–29) gestational weeks, and 13 after an emergency delivery performed at 32 (17–39) weeks of gestation. Pre-ECMO PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 57 (26–98) and did not differ between the two groups. Patients on ECMO after delivery reported more major bleeding (46 vs. 18%, p = 0.05) than those with ongoing pregnancy. Overall, the maternal hospital survival was 88%, which was not different between the two groups. Four (36%) of pregnant women had a spontaneous expulsion on ECMO, and fetal survival was higher when ECMO was set after delivery (92% vs. 55%, p = 0.03). Among newborns alive, no severe preterm morbidity or long-term sequelae were reported. Conclusion Continuation of the pregnancy on ECMO support carries a significant risk of fetal death while improving prematurity-related morbidity in alive newborns with no difference in maternal outcomes. Decisions regarding timing, place, and mode of delivery should be taken and regularly (re)assess by a multidisciplinary team in experienced ECMO centers. </jats:sec

    Étonnante physique

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    International audienceDiscipline multimillĂ©naire, la physique explore l’espace et le temps. De l’immensitĂ© des amas de galaxies Ă  l’infinie petitesse des particules Ă©lĂ©mentaires, des Ă©chelles humaines – du mĂštre au centimĂštre – jusqu’au nanomonde, de l’extrĂȘme briĂšvetĂ© du mouvement de l’électron jusqu’au fond des Ăąges d’oĂč nous parviennent les premiĂšres lumiĂšres de l’Univers : les domaines couverts par cette discipline n’ont pas fini de nous Ă©tonner.Cette science est celle de l’expĂ©rimentation mĂ©thodique qui met au point des instruments originaux pour observer la matiĂšre, inerte ou vivante, en laboratoire ou Ă  distance. Celle qui pose encore de grandes questions fondamentales. Mais aussi celle qui accompagne notre vie quotidienne avec ses dĂ©veloppements dans les domaines des matĂ©riaux, de la santĂ©, de l’énergie, du climat
Pour montrer toute sa richesse, cet ouvrage rĂ©unit 70 contributions de physiciennes et de physiciens rĂ©cemment rĂ©compensĂ©s par une mĂ©daille du CNRS pour l’originalitĂ© et l’importance de leurs travaux. Abondamment illustrĂ©, accessible Ă  tout amateur de science, Étonnante Physique lĂšve un voile sur les recherches les plus actuelles

    Étonnante physique

    No full text
    International audienceDiscipline multimillĂ©naire, la physique explore l’espace et le temps. De l’immensitĂ© des amas de galaxies Ă  l’infinie petitesse des particules Ă©lĂ©mentaires, des Ă©chelles humaines – du mĂštre au centimĂštre – jusqu’au nanomonde, de l’extrĂȘme briĂšvetĂ© du mouvement de l’électron jusqu’au fond des Ăąges d’oĂč nous parviennent les premiĂšres lumiĂšres de l’Univers : les domaines couverts par cette discipline n’ont pas fini de nous Ă©tonner.Cette science est celle de l’expĂ©rimentation mĂ©thodique qui met au point des instruments originaux pour observer la matiĂšre, inerte ou vivante, en laboratoire ou Ă  distance. Celle qui pose encore de grandes questions fondamentales. Mais aussi celle qui accompagne notre vie quotidienne avec ses dĂ©veloppements dans les domaines des matĂ©riaux, de la santĂ©, de l’énergie, du climat
Pour montrer toute sa richesse, cet ouvrage rĂ©unit 70 contributions de physiciennes et de physiciens rĂ©cemment rĂ©compensĂ©s par une mĂ©daille du CNRS pour l’originalitĂ© et l’importance de leurs travaux. Abondamment illustrĂ©, accessible Ă  tout amateur de science, Étonnante Physique lĂšve un voile sur les recherches les plus actuelles

    Étonnante physique

    No full text
    International audienceDiscipline multimillĂ©naire, la physique explore l’espace et le temps. De l’immensitĂ© des amas de galaxies Ă  l’infinie petitesse des particules Ă©lĂ©mentaires, des Ă©chelles humaines – du mĂštre au centimĂštre – jusqu’au nanomonde, de l’extrĂȘme briĂšvetĂ© du mouvement de l’électron jusqu’au fond des Ăąges d’oĂč nous parviennent les premiĂšres lumiĂšres de l’Univers : les domaines couverts par cette discipline n’ont pas fini de nous Ă©tonner.Cette science est celle de l’expĂ©rimentation mĂ©thodique qui met au point des instruments originaux pour observer la matiĂšre, inerte ou vivante, en laboratoire ou Ă  distance. Celle qui pose encore de grandes questions fondamentales. Mais aussi celle qui accompagne notre vie quotidienne avec ses dĂ©veloppements dans les domaines des matĂ©riaux, de la santĂ©, de l’énergie, du climat
Pour montrer toute sa richesse, cet ouvrage rĂ©unit 70 contributions de physiciennes et de physiciens rĂ©cemment rĂ©compensĂ©s par une mĂ©daille du CNRS pour l’originalitĂ© et l’importance de leurs travaux. Abondamment illustrĂ©, accessible Ă  tout amateur de science, Étonnante Physique lĂšve un voile sur les recherches les plus actuelles

    Étonnante physique

    No full text
    International audienceDiscipline multimillĂ©naire, la physique explore l’espace et le temps. De l’immensitĂ© des amas de galaxies Ă  l’infinie petitesse des particules Ă©lĂ©mentaires, des Ă©chelles humaines – du mĂštre au centimĂštre – jusqu’au nanomonde, de l’extrĂȘme briĂšvetĂ© du mouvement de l’électron jusqu’au fond des Ăąges d’oĂč nous parviennent les premiĂšres lumiĂšres de l’Univers : les domaines couverts par cette discipline n’ont pas fini de nous Ă©tonner.Cette science est celle de l’expĂ©rimentation mĂ©thodique qui met au point des instruments originaux pour observer la matiĂšre, inerte ou vivante, en laboratoire ou Ă  distance. Celle qui pose encore de grandes questions fondamentales. Mais aussi celle qui accompagne notre vie quotidienne avec ses dĂ©veloppements dans les domaines des matĂ©riaux, de la santĂ©, de l’énergie, du climat
Pour montrer toute sa richesse, cet ouvrage rĂ©unit 70 contributions de physiciennes et de physiciens rĂ©cemment rĂ©compensĂ©s par une mĂ©daille du CNRS pour l’originalitĂ© et l’importance de leurs travaux. Abondamment illustrĂ©, accessible Ă  tout amateur de science, Étonnante Physique lĂšve un voile sur les recherches les plus actuelles
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