Comparative review of biochemistry and cell anatomy of the hepatic tissue in rats administered some anti hypertensive drug for a long time

The adverse biochemical and structural effects of antihypertensive drugs over a long period (clonidine, methyldopa, rilmenidine, amlodipine, ramipril) on hepatic tissue has been examined in this study. The results are considered to be beneficial for the identification of indications and contraindications in hypertensive patients. Severe bile duct proliferation, portal inflammation, interface hepatitis, focal necrosis and hepatocyte degeneration were demonstrated in the clonidine and amlodipine groups, which had higher oxidant parameters, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase and lactate dehydrogenase activity and a higher amount of 8-OH Gua. In the group receiving rilmenidine, all the histopathological findings were the same as those in the clonidine and amlodipine groups, except for bile duct proliferation and interface hepatitis. On histopathological examination of the cell anatomy, it was shown that methyldopa and ramipril caused mild liver damage. While clonidine and amlodipine gave rise to severe liver damage, rilmenidine caused moderate damage, and methyldopa and ramipril led to mild loss of liver function.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Corrigendum to “Cadmium sulfide-induced toxicity in the cortex and cerebellum: In vitro and in vivo studies” [Toxicol. Rep. 7 (2020) 637–648, (S2214750019304202), (10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.011)]

The author regrets, that the manuscript made an inadvertent error in the layout of composite Fig. 10 (the corners of Fig. 10B and 10C for different experimental conditions overlapped). After investigating the causes of the error and carefully checking the source data, the error noted by the interested Reader (https://www.pubpeer.com/publications/8C7547CE40467671FA999B10747399) was corrected. The authors express their gratitude to the Reader who discovered this error. Corrected Fig. 10 is shown below. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused. DOI of original article: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.011Link to the corrected article: [https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3593

Literature analysis on asparagus roots and review of its functional characterizations

Asparagus root (AR) is utilized globally as a traditional herbal medicine because it contains various bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, and minerals. The composition profiles of AR are strongly affected by its botanical and geographical origins. Although minerals and heavy metals are minor constituents of AR, they play a crucial role in determining its quality and efficacy. A comprehensive classification of AR, its phytochemistry, and its pharmacology were reviewed and interpreted herein. Potentially eligible articles (in English) were identified through an electronic search of the Web of Science database (2010–2022) and Google (2001–2022). We used the primary search term “Asparagus roots” combined with the words “pharmacology,” “bioactive compounds,” “physicochemical properties,” and “health benefits” to find the relevant literature. We screened the titles, keywords, and abstracts of the publications obtained from the database. A full copy of the article was obtained for further assessment if deemed appropriate. Different asparagus species might potentially be used as herbal medicines and functional foods. Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds as valuable secondary metabolites. The dominant class of bioactive compounds in AR is flavonoids. Furthermore, AR displayed significant pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects, as shown in animal and human studies. This review provides a valuable resource to enable a thorough assessment of the profile of Asparagus root as a functional ingredient for the pharmaceutical and food industries. In addition, it is anticipated that this review will provide information to healthcare professionals seeking alternative sources of critical bioactive compounds

A highly sensitive bio-barcode immunoassay for multi-residue detection of organophosphate pesticides based on fluorescence anti-quenching

Balancing the risks and benefits of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) on human and environmental health relies partly on their accurate measurement. A highly sensitive fluorescence anti-quenching multi-residue bio-barcode immunoassay was developed to detect OPs (triazophos, parathion, and chlorpyrifos) in apples, turnips, cabbages, and rice. Gold nanoparticles were functionalized with monoclonal antibodies against the tested OPs. DNA oligonucleotides were complementarily hybridized with an RNA fluorescent label for signal amplification. The detection signals were generated by DNA-RNA hybridization and ribonuclease H dissociation of the fluorophore. The resulting fluorescence signal enables multiplexed quantification of triazophos, parathion, and chlorpyrifos residues over the concentration range of 0.01–25, 0.01–50, and 0.1–50 ng/mL with limits of detection of 0.014, 0.011, and 0.126 ng/mL, respectively. The mean recovery ranged between 80.3% and 110.8% with relative standard deviations of 7.3%–17.6%, which correlate well with results obtained by LC-MS/MS. The proposed bio-barcode immunoassay is stable, reproducible and reliable, and is able to detect low residual levels of multi-residue OPs in agricultural products.This work was supported by the Central Public Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Grant No.: Y2021PT05), National Institute of Environmental Health Science Superfund Research Program (Grant No.: P42 ES004699), National Academy of Sciences (Subaward No.: 2000009144), and Ningbo Innovation Project for Agro-Products Quality and Safety (Grant No.: 2019CXGC007).Peer reviewe

Is Oxytocin Proper for Cancer Adjuvant Therapy?

Neuroblastomas are solid tumors and mostly seen in the adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia. It is known that neuroblastoma cell proliferation is inhibited by cisplatin and vincristine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxytocin on cell viability in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line and primary cerebral cortex cell culture exposed to cisplatin and vincristine. In this direction, SH-SY5Y cell line and cortex neurons were obtained from the medical pharmacology department, Ataturk University. Both cells were grown in the appropriate cell culture media. Cisplatin (5, 10, 15 μg), vincristine (0.5, 1 and 2 ng) and oxytocin (1 μM) were applied to SH-SY5Y cell line and primary cortex cell culture for 24 h. MTT and TAC-TOS tests were performed 24 h after the application. As a result of the MTT assay, the combination of cisplatin and vincristine reduced cell viability in both cultures approximately 25% and 22%, respectively, compared to the control group. It appears that oxytocin increases neuroblastoma and cortex neuron viability, 112% and 95%, respectively. In this relation, we need to investigate why oxytocin increases cell viability and what are the possible implications in women in lactation stage

A new experimental evidence that olfactory bulb lesion may be a causative factor for substantia nigra degeneration; preliminary study

ozmen, sevilay/0000-0002-1973-6101; Ahiskalioglu, Ali/0000-0002-8467-8171; Kanat, Ayhan/0000-0002-8189-2877WOS: 000519326400001PubMed: 32114876Background: Anosmia has been considered as the first diagnostic criteria of Parkinson disease (PD), we investigated the effect of the olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) on histopathological features of the substantia nigra in an animal model. Methods: Twenty-seven male rats were used in this study. Animals were divided into three groups as five (control), six SHAM and sixteen study (OBL) groups. Nothing was done in the control group, the only burr hole was done in the SHAM group, OBL was not applied, and bilateral OBL was performed in the study group, and followed ten weeks, then animals were decapitated. Olfactory bulb volumes were measured by macro anatomically. the olfactory bulbs and substantia nigra sections were analyzed by a stereological method to evaluate olfactory glomerulus and neuron density of substantia nigra per cubic centimeter and compared with statistically. Results: the mean olfactory bulb volume, degenerated olfactory glomerulus density and degenerated neuron density of substantia nigra were measured as:(4.14 +/- 0.20) mm(3), (1 +/- 1)/mm(3) and (7 +/- 2)/mm(3) in control (Group I); (3.6 +/- 0.16)/mm(3), (4 +/- 1)/mm(3) and(32 +/- 7)/mm(3) in SHAM (Group II) and (2.2 +/- 0.9)/mm(3), (112 +/- 18)/mm(3) and (1543 +/- 115)/mm(3)in study group (Group III). Diminished olfactory bulb volume was observed in Group III animals. Conclusions: We concluded that OBL may lead to the degeneration of substantia nigra

Efficacy of L-Carnitine Administration on Lungs of Neonatal Rats Exposed to Hyperoxia

Oxygen toxicity is believed to play a prominent role in the lung injury that leads to the development of bonchopulmonary dysplasia. L-carnitine (LCAR) is an antioxidant and prevents the accumulation of end products of lipid peroxidation, acts as a free radical scavenger and protects cells from reactive oxygen species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of LCAR on the histopathologic characteristics of oxygen-induced lung injury. Thirty one rat pups were divided into 4 groups: Healthy control group (group 1, n = 8), hyperoxia-exposed group (group 2, n = 7), hyperoxia-exposed and 100 mg kg(-1) LCAR-treated group (goup 3, n = 10), hyperoxia-exposed and 200 mg kg(-1) LCAR-treated group (goup 4, n = 6). Although in group given 100 mg kg(-1) LCAR together with hyperoxia-exposure, it was observed some improvement, histopathologic findings obtained from animals treated with 200 mg kg(-1) LCAR were similar to normal surprisingly. In conclusion, it should be focused on more the possible protective effect mechanism of LCAR and it should be made more effort to be able to use it in routine

Noscapine, a Non-addictive Opioid and Microtubule-Inhibitor in Potential Treatment of Glioblastoma

Noscapine is a phthalide isoquinoline alkaloid that easily traverses the blood brain barrier and has been used for years as an antitussive agent with high safety. Despite binding opioid receptors, noscapine lacks significant hypnotic and euphoric effects rendering it safe in terms of addictive potential. In 1954, Hans Lettre first described noscapine as a mitotic poison. The drug was later tested for cancer treatment in the early 1960's, yet no effect was observed likely as a result of its short biological half-life and limited water solubility. Since 1998, it has regained interest thanks to studies from Emory University, which showed its anticancer activity in animal models with negligible toxicity. In contrast to other microtubule-inhibitors, noscapine does not affect the total intracellular tubulin polymer mass. Instead, it forces the microtubules to spend an increased amount of time in a paused state leading to arrest in mitosis and subsequently inducing mitotic slippage/mitotic catastrophe/apoptosis. In experimental models, noscapine does not induce peripheral neuropathy, which is common with other microtubule inhibitors. Noscapine also inhibits tumor growth and enhances cancer chemosensitivity via selective blockage of NF-kappa B, an important transcription factor in glioblastoma pathogenesis. Due to their anticancer activities and high penetration through the blood-brain barrier, noscapine analogues strongly deserve further study in various animal models of glioblastoma as potential candidates for future patient therapy