765 research outputs found
Complete High Temperature Expansions for One-Loop Finite Temperature Effects
We develop exact, simple closed form expressions for partition functions
associated with relativistic bosons and fermions in odd spatial dimensions.
These expressions, valid at high temperature, include the effects of a
non-trivial Polyakov loop and generalize well-known high temperature
expansions. The key technical point is the proof of a set of Bessel function
identities which resum low temperature expansions into high temperature
expansions. The complete expressions for these partition functions can be used
to obtain one-loop finite temperature contributions to effective potentials,
and thus free energies and pressures.Comment: 9 pages, RevTeX, no figures. To be published in Phys. Rev D. v2 has
revised introduction and conclusions, plus a few typographical errors are
corrected; v3 corrects one typ
Maximum likelihood estimation of influenza vaccine effectiveness against transmission from the household and from the community
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142449/1/sim7558_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142449/2/sim7558.pd
Decisional Informatics for Psychosocial Rehabilitation: A Feasibility Pilot on Tailored and Fluid Treatment Algorithms for Serious Mental Illness
This study introduces a computerized clinical decision-support tool, the Fluid Outpatient Rehabilitation Treatment (FORT), that incorporates individual and ever-evolving patient needs to guide clinicians in developing and updating treatment decisions in real-time. In this proof-of-concept feasibility pilot, FORT was compared against traditional treatment planning using similar behavioral therapies in 52 adults with severe mental illness attending community-based day treatment. At posttreatment and follow-up, group differences and moderate-to-large effect sizes favoring FORT were detected in social function, work readiness, self-esteem, working memory, processing speed, and mental flexibility. Of participants who identified obtaining a General Education Diploma as their goal, 73% in FORT passed the examination compared with 18% in traditional treatment planning. FORT was also associated with higher agency cost-effectiveness and a better average benefit-cost ratio, even when considering diagnosis, baseline symptoms, and education. Although the comparison groups were not completely equivalent, the findings suggest computerized decision support systems that collaborate with human decision-makers to personalize psychiatric rehabilitation and address critical decisions may have a role in improving treatment effectiveness and efficiency
Incidence of primary hepatitis C infection and risk factors for transmission in an Australian prisoner cohort
Background. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in prisoner populations, particularly those with a history of injecting drug use (IDU). Previous studies of HCV incidence have been based on small case numbers and have not distinguished risk event
The Finite Temperature SU(2) Savvidy Model with a Non-trivial Polyakov Loop
We calculate the complete one-loop effective potential for SU(2) gauge bosons
at temperature T as a function of two variables: phi, the angle associated with
a non-trivial Polyakov loop, and H, a constant background chromomagnetic field.
Using techniques broadly applicable to finite temperature field theories, we
develop both low and high temperature expansions. At low temperatures, the real
part of the effective potential V_R indicates a rich phase structure, with a
discontinuous alternation between confined (phi=pi) and deconfined phases
(phi=0). The background field H moves slowly upward from its zero-temperature
value as T increases, in such a way that sqrt(gH)/(pi T) is approximately an
integer. Beyond a certain temperature on the order of sqrt(gH), the deconfined
phase is always preferred. At high temperatures, where asymptotic freedom
applies, the deconfined phase phi=0 is always preferred, and sqrt(gH) is of
order g^2(T)T. The imaginary part of the effective potential is non-zero at the
global minimum of V_R for all temperatures. A non-perturbative magnetic
screening mass of the form M_m = cg^2(T)T with a sufficiently large coefficient
c removes this instability at high temperature, leading to a stable
high-temperature phase with phi=0 and H=0, characteristic of a
weakly-interacting gas of gauge particles. The value of M_m obtained is
comparable with lattice estimates.Comment: 28 pages, 5 eps figures; RevTeX 3 with graphic
Prodynorphin peptide immunocytochemistry in rhesus monkey brain
The present study describes the immunocytochemical distribution of peptides derived from the prodynorphin precursor in the brain of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Animals were treated with colchicine (intracerebroventricularly) prior to perfusion to enhance the observation of perikaryal immunoreactivity. Using antisera generated against dynorphin A(1-17), dynorphin B(1-13), and prodynorphin(186-208) (or bridge peptide), the anatomical distribution of dynorphin systems was mapped. The results indicate a widespread neuronal localization of immunoreactivity from the cerebral cortex to the caudal medulla. Anti-dynorphin B and anti-bridge peptide sera proved useful for the demonstration of neuronal perikarya, while the dynorphin A antiserum was best for localizing terminal projection fields. Immunoreactive perikarya are located in numerous brain loci, including the cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, amygdala, hypothalamus (especially the magnocellular nuclei), thalamus, substantia grisea centralis, parabrachial nucleus, nucleus tractus solitarius, and other nuclei. In addition, fiber and terminal immunoreactivity are seen in varying densities in the striatum and pallidum, substantia innominata, hypothalamus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, parabrachial nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, and other areas. The distribution of prodynorphin peptides in the brain of the monkey is similar to that described for the rat brain; however, significant differences also exist. Other interspecies differences in the anatomy of prodynorphin and proenkephalin neuronal systems in the monkey and human brain are further discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25854/1/0000417.pd
Detecting a Light Gravitino at Linear Collider to Probe the SUSY Breaking Scale
If supersymmetry is dynamically broken at a low scale (), within a
few orders of magnitude of the weak scale, then the lightest supersymmetric
partner is the gravitino and the next to lightest supersymmetric partner is a
neutralino with mass , which can decay into a photon
() plus a gravitino (). We study the detection of
at the proposed Linear Collider, and
find the range of the parameters and that can be
accessible with a right-hand polarized electron beam at \,GeV,
with 50\, integrated luminosity. We also discuss briefly the
accessible range for current electron and hadron colliders.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX file and postscript figure
Variation in histone configurations correlates with gene expression across nine inbred strains of mice.
The diversity outbred (DO) mice and their inbred founders are widely used models of human disease. However, although the genetic diversity of these mice has been well documented, their epigenetic diversity has not. Epigenetic modifications, such as histone modifications and DNA methylation, are important regulators of gene expression, and as such are a critical mechanistic link between genotype and phenotype. Therefore, creating a map of epigenetic modifications in the DO mice and their founders is an important step toward understanding mechanisms of gene regulation and the link to disease in this widely used resource. To this end, we performed a strain survey of epigenetic modifications in hepatocytes of the DO founders. We surveyed four histone modifications (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3K27ac), and DNA methylation. We used ChromHMM to identify 14 chromatin states, each of which represented a distinct combination of the four histone modifications. We found that the epigenetic landscape was highly variable across the DO founders and was associated with variation in gene expression across strains. We found that epigenetic state imputed into a population of DO mice recapitulated the association with gene expression seen in the founders suggesting that both histone modifications and DNA methylation are highly heritable mechanisms of gene expression regulation. We illustrate how DO gene expression can be aligned with inbred epigenetic states to identify putative cis-regulatory regions. Finally, we provide a data resource that documents strain-specific variation in chromatin state and DNA methylation in hepatocytes across nine widely used strains of laboratory mice
IRE1ÎČ negatively regulates IRE1α signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
IRE1ÎČ is an ER stress sensor uniquely expressed in epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces. Here, we show that intestinal epithelial cells expressing IRE1ÎČ have an attenuated unfolded protein response to ER stress. When modeled in HEK293 cells and with purified protein, IRE1ÎČ diminishes expression and inhibits signaling by the closely related stress sensor IRE1α. IRE1ÎČ can assemble with and inhibit IRE1α to suppress stress-induced XBP1 splicing, a key mediator of the unfolded protein response. In comparison to IRE1α, IRE1ÎČ has relatively weak XBP1 splicing activity, largely explained by a nonconserved amino acid in the kinase domain active site that impairs its phosphorylation and restricts oligomerization. This enables IRE1ÎČ to act as a dominant-negative suppressor of IRE1α and affect how barrier epithelial cells manage the response to stress at the hostâenvironment interface
Two-Loop Renormalization Group Equations for Soft Supersymmetry-Breaking Couplings
We compute the two-loop renormalization group equations for all soft
supersymmetry-breaking couplings in a general softly broken N=1 supersymmetric
model. We also specialize these results to the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard
Model.Comment: 26 pages. [v4: Signs of equations (4.2) and (4.3) are fixed.
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