VISUALIZATION METHODS FOR EVALUATION OF FEASIBLE SEPARATIONS OF AZEOTROPIC MIXTURES

In this study the visualization system AVS (Application Visualization System) is applied. This tool is provided with a module library for userfriendly modelling of systems under study. Three data viewers are implemented: Image Viewer, Graph Viewer and Geometry Viewer allowing the graphical representation of multidimensional data fields as the boiling and dew temperatures as a function of the composition. By using special modules the graphical representations can be characterized by colours, brightness and other effects; by the zoom module the scale can be varied; there are also possibilities for the animation of the objects under study, the representation of isolines, for example of temperature or driving forces, as well as the calculation and representation of vector fields. The last option makes it possible to construct representation combining information about the residue curve map and the temperature surface

Improvement of the wear behaviour of highly-loaded components and tools by multi-combined surface treatment

This paper introduces a novel multi-combined surface treatment consisting of the individual treatments of plasma nitriding (PN), physical vapour deposition (PVD) and electron beam hardening (EBH). Using graded surface layers produced by such a combined surface treatment, it is possible to withstand the complex load conditions incurred by components and tools. It is shown, that the treatment sequences PN+EBH+PVD and EBH+PN+PVD are suitable for improving material properties. These multi-combined surface treatments lead to a significant improvement in load-supporting capacity. Critical load values of cohesive failure measured by scratch tests are tripled when compared to the individual treatment of PVD, and increased by at least 20% in comparison to the duplex treatments of EBH+PVD or PN+PVD. The metallurgical compatibility of the single treatments is essential for the success of combined treatments. Material-specific limitations are defined, which exclude failure due to crack initiation, the occurrence of retained austenite, and tempering effects. Based on the model wear-test assembly block-on-cylinder, it was proved, that the specific wear rate of multi-combined treated specimens is reduced about 20-50% while wear of counterpart components is decreased as well. The triplex surface heat treatment introduced opens up new prospects for highly-loaded components and tools

Improvement of the wear behaviour of highly-loaded components and tools by multi-combined surface treatment

This paper introduces a novel multi-combined surface treatment consisting of the individual treatments of plasma nitriding (PN), physical vapour deposition (PVD) and electron beam hardening (EBH). Using graded surface layers produced by such a combined surface treatment, it is possible to withstand the complex load conditions incurred by components and tools. It is shown, that the treatment sequences PN+EBH+PVD and EBH+PN+PVD are suitable for improving material properties. These multi-combined surface treatments lead to a significant improvement in load-supporting capacity. Critical load values of cohesive failure measured by scratch tests are tripled when compared to the individual treatment of PVD, and increased by at least 20% in comparison to the duplex treatments of EBH+PVD or PN+PVD. The metallurgical compatibility of the single treatments is essential for the success of combined treatments. Material-specific limitations are defined, which exclude failure due to crack initiation, the occurrence of retained austenite, and tempering effects. Based on the model wear-test assembly block-on-cylinder, it was proved, that the specific wear rate of multi-combined treated specimens is reduced about 20-50% while wear of counterpart components is decreased as well. The triplex surface heat treatment introduced opens up new prospects for highly-loaded components and tools

On the proper reconstruction of complex dynamical systems spoilt by strong measurement noise

This article reports on a new approach to properly analyze time series of dynamical systems which are spoilt by the simultaneous presence of dynamical noise and measurement noise. It is shown that even strong external measurement noise as well as dynamical noise which is an intrinsic part of the dynamical process can be quantified correctly, solely on the basis of measured times series and proper data analysis. Finally real world data sets are presented pointing out the relevance of the new approach

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of commercially pure titanium and alloy development for the LPBF process

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of titanium or titanium alloys allows fabrication of geometrically more complex and, possibly, individualized implants or osteosynthesis products and could thus improve the outcome of medical treatments considerably. However, insufficient LPBF process parameters can result in substantial porosity, decreasing mechanical properties and requiring post-treatment. Furthermore, texturized parts with anisotropic properties are usually obtained after LPBF processing, limiting their usage in medical applications. The present study addresses both: first, a design of experiments is used in order to establish a set of optimized process parameters and a process window for LPBF printing of small commercially pure (CP) titanium parts with minimized volume porosity. Afterward, the first results on the development of a biocompatible titanium alloy designed for LPBF processing of medical implants with improved solidification and more isotropic properties are presented on the basis of conventionally melted alloys. This development was performed on the basis of Ti-0.44O-0.5Fe-0.08C-0.4Si-0.1Au, a near-α alloy presented by the authors for medical applications and conventional manufacturing, with yttrium and boron additions as additional growth restriction solutes. In terms of LPBF processing of CP titanium grade 1 powder, a high relative density of approximately 99.9% was obtained in the as-printed state of the volume of a small cubical sample by using optimized laser power, scanning speed, and hatch distance in combination with a rotating scanning pattern. Moreover, tensile specimens processed with these volume settings and tested in the as-printed milled state exhibited a high average yield and ultimate tensile strength of approximately 663 and 747 N/mm2, respectively, combined with a high average ductility of approximately 24%. X-ray diffraction results suggest anisotropic mechanical properties, which are, however, less pronounced in terms of the tested specimens. Regarding alloy development, the results show that yttrium additions lead to a considerable microstructure refinement but have to be limited due to the occurrence of a large amount of precipitations and a supposed higher propensity for the formation of long columnar prior β-grains. However, phase/texture and microstructure analyses indicate that Ti-0.44O-0.5Fe-0.08C-0.4Si-0.1Au-0.1B-0.1Y is a promising candidate to achieve lower anisotropy during LPBF processing, but further investigations on LPBF printing and Y2O3 formation are necessary

Controllable Non-Markovianity for a Spin Qubit in Diamond

We present a flexible scheme to realize non-artificial non-Markovian dynamics of an electronic spin qubit, using a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond where the inherent nitrogen spin serves as a regulator of the dynamics. By changing the population of the nitrogen spin, we show that we can smoothly tune the non-Markovianity of the electron spin's dynamic. Furthermore, we examine the decoherence dynamics induced by the spin bath to exclude other sources of non-Markovianity. The amount of collected measurement data is kept at a minimum by employing Bayesian data analysis. This allows for a precise quantification of the parameters involved in the description of the dynamics and a prediction of so far unobserved data points.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure, including supplemental materia

Physical appearance perfectionism explains variance in eating disorder symptoms above general perfectionism

Physical appearance perfectionism is a domain-specific form of perfectionism comprising two components: hope for perfection and worry about imperfection (Yang & Stoeber, 2012). Previous studies found that physical appearance perfectionism is related to eating disorder symptoms, particularly the worry about imperfection component, but did not address the question of whether physical appearance perfectionism explains variance in eating disorder symptoms above general perfectionism. The present study investigated the question examining 559 female university students. Physical appearance perfectionism explained an additional 9-17% of variance in eating disorder symptoms above the 11-20% variance explained by general perfectionism. The findings suggest that physical appearance perfectionism plays an important role in disordered eating beyond general perfectionis

Central Bank Independence and Inflation Target Regime

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of inflation target regime in developing countries and to discuss the importance of independent central banks. As inflation control is the main central banks objective, agreed by targets established by the government, and as monetary policy has no instantaneous impact over inflation, the monetary authority must try to anticipate inflationary pressure. In this way, we want to understand how monetary policys decisions are made under inflation target regime

07: Erfindungen, Patente und Verwertung: Eine empirische Untersuchung an Thüringer Hochschulen

Die Bedeutung der Hochschulen im Innovationsprozess von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft kann nicht hoch genug veranschlagt werden. Ihre Aufgaben beschränken sich nicht mehr nur auf die Generierung und Vermittlung von Wissen, hinzugetreten ist mittlerweile auch die sog. Entrepreneurial Science, die wirtschaftliche Verwertung von Forschungsergebnissen. Eine zentrale Rolle kommt hierbei dem Patent als Transferinstrument zu. Der deutsche Gesetzgeber hat in den vergangenen Jahren die Rahmenbedingungen für den Schutz und die Verwertung von Hochschulerfindungen und den daraus zu generierenden Patenten zugunsten der Hochschulen verbessert. Wahrnehmung und Akzeptanz sowie die sich daraus ergebenden Probleme waren Gegenstand einer empirischen Studie an den Thüringer Hochschulen: Wenngleich das Meinungsbild der Hochschulbeschäftigten zu gewerblichen Schutzrechten als indifferent, das zu Verwertung und Ausgründungen sogar als positiv zu werten ist, herrschen doch im Hinblick auf die Neuregelungen noch immer beträchtliche Informationsdefizite. Auch kommt den Publikationen eine wesentlich höhere Bedeutung als Schutzrechten und ihrer Verwertung zu. Schließlich hat sich gezeigt, dass das Rechtsinstitut der negativen Publikationsfreiheit den angestrebten Zielen des Gesetzgebers entgegenstehen kann. Demgegenüber stellt die neu geregelte Erfindervergütung für Hochschulbeschäftigte einen Anreiz zu verstärkten Erfindungstätigkeiten und meldungen dar

Solvent-Free High-Temperature Capillary Stamping of Stimuli-Responsive Polymers: Wettability Management by Orthogonal Substrate Functionalization

The wettability of surfaces determines their antifouling, antifogging, anti-icing, and self-cleaning properties as well as their usability for sensing, oil-water separation, water collection, and water purification. Solvent-free high-temperature capillary stamping of stimuli-responsive polymers yielding arrays of stimuli-responsive polymer microdots on differently modified substrates enables the flexible generation of switchable surfaces with different water contact angles (WCAs). Potential problems associated with the deposition of polymer solutions, such as the handling of volatile organic solvents, phase separation induced by solvent evaporation, and capillarity-driven flow processes, are circumvented. We used composite stamps with topographically patterned contact surfaces consisting of metallic nickel cores and porous MnO2 coatings taking up the stimuli-responsive polymers. The short transport paths from the MnO2 contact layers to the counterpart substrates enabled the stamping of polymer melts containing components impeding flow, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Thus-obtained arrays of polymer-CNT hybrid microdots prevent problems associated with continuous coatings including delamination and crack propagation. Moreover, the range within which the properties of the stamped stimuli-responsive polymer microdots are switchable can be tuned by orthogonal substrate modification. As an example, we stamped hybrid microdots consisting of poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl ferrocenecarboxylate) (PFcMA) and CNTs onto indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. Coating the ITO substrates with a poly(ethylene oxide)-terminated silane shifted the WCAs obtained by switching the PFcMA between its oxidized and reduced states by nearly 50{\deg}