Modeling of viscous flows in two-dimensional turbomachinery cascade via viscous-inviscid interaction method

[Abstract]: A two-dimensional time-accurate time-marching viscous flow solver employing the viscous-inviscid interaction method suitable for turbomachinery applications is described. The inviscid main flow solver uses the second-order accurate cellvertex finite-volume spatial discretisation and fourth-order accurate Runge-Kutta temporal integration. The viscous effect due to boundary layer development on the blade surfaces and wakes are modelled using an independent one-dimensional boundary layer subroutine capable of modelling laminar, transition and fully turbulent flows. The solver has been applied to subsonic, transonic and supersonic flow in a cascade of nozzle blades. The results are compared with the experimental data and they showed very good agreemen

Adaptive and Online Health Monitoring System for Autonomous Aircraft

Good situation awareness is one of the key attributes required to maintain safe flight, especially for an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). Good situation awareness can be achieved by incorporating an Adaptive Health Monitoring System (AHMS) to the aircraft. The AHMS monitors the flight outcome or flight behaviours of the aircraft based on its external environmental conditions and the behaviour of its internal systems. The AHMS does this by associating a health value to the aircraft's behaviour based on the progression of its sensory values produced by the aircraft's modules, components and/or subsystems. The AHMS indicates erroneous flight behaviour when a deviation to this health information is produced. This will be useful for a UAS because the pilot is taken out of the control loop and is unaware of how the environment and/or faults are affecting the behaviour of the aircraft. The autonomous pilot can use this health information to help produce safer and securer flight behaviour or fault tolerance to the aircraft. This allows the aircraft to fly safely in whatever the environmental conditions. This health information can also be used to help increase the endurance of the aircraft. This paper describes how the AHMS performs its capabilities

A study of local approximation for polarization potentials

We discuss the derivation of an equivalent \textit{l}-independent polarization potential for use in the optical Schr\"{o}dinger equation that describes the elastic scattering of heavy ions. Three diffferent methods are used for this purpose. Application of our theory to the low energy scattering of the halo nucleus $^{11}$Li from a $^{12}$C target is made. It is found that the notion of \textit{l}-independent polarization potential has some validity but can not be a good substitute for the \textit{l}-dependent local equivalent Feshbach polarization potential.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Leaching of Salt Affected Silty Loam Soil by using Magnetized Water

Magnetized water is achieved by passing water through a field of magnet. Over the few past decades, many studies and researches have reported significant evidences that some properties of water can be changed as it passes through a magnetic field. The change in the physical properties of water can improves the use of water in different arias.  It can have a promising potential of application especially in the fields of irrigation and drainage. However, the effects of magnetic field on properties of water are not yet being well developed and is still a challenging subject.In this research, magnetized water was used to leach salt affected silty loam soil. A laboratory test rig was designed and constructed for this purpose. The rig consists of a constant head reservoir, a variable intensity water magnetization device, soil columns, and drain collection tanks.  Five different magnetic intensities and five different times of exposure were used in the treatment of water used for leaching soils. Leaching water drained form the soil samples were tested for EC and pH. EC is a general indicator for all anions and cations being leached. Results were analyzed and compared to the tests results of leaching of soil by using untreated water.The results showed that the efficiency of magnetized water in removing salts from the soil is more than the untreated water. As the magnetic intensity and the time of exposure are increased, the more salts were leached out of the soil. Keywords: magnetized water, soil salinity, soil reclamation, salt affected soil, leaching of soil

G2p1a0 Hamil Aterm Inpartu Janin Tunggal Hidup Presentasi Kepala Dengan Partus Kasep

Latar Belakang. Proses persalinan dipengaruhi oleh bekerjanya 4 faktor yang berperan yaitu kekuatan mendorong janin keluar, meliputi his (kekuatan uterus), faktor janin (passanger), jalan lahir (passage), dan provider maupun psikis. Dalam keadaan baik, sehat, dan seimbang, proses persalinan akan berlangsung secara spontan/normal. Namun jika salah satu dari faktor tersebut mengalami kelainan, maka persalinan tidak dapat berjalan secara normal. Sangat penting untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab partus lama ataupun macet lebih awal. Kasus. Ny. N, umur 21 tahun pukul 23.30 WIB pasien mengeluh sakit pada Perut menjalar ke pinggang semakin kuat dan sebelumnya os dibawa ke bidan. Riwayat keluar air (+) sejak pukul 11.00 WIB, warna jernih, bau (-), sebanyak 2 kali ganti kain, darah lendir (+). Pada pukul 15.00 pembukaan sudah lengkap lalu os dipimpin untuk mengedan, tetapi tidak ada kemajuan dan anak tak juga lahir. Pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan TD 120/80 mmHg, nadi 120 x/menit, pernafasan 28 x/menit, suhu 38,2ºC, TB 160 cm, BB 55 kg. Simpulan. Partus kasep dapat terjadi karena adanya gangguan di kekutan jalan janin keluar, yang meliputi his (kekuatan uterus), kontraksi otot dinding Perut, kontraksi diafragma dan ligamentum action. [Medula Unila.2014;2(3):60-65

Parameter Optimisation of Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis via Hexane Decomposition over Minerals Generated from Anadara granosa

The synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method using natural calcite from Anadara granosa shells as the metal catalyst support was studied. Hexane and iron (Fe) were used as the carbon precursor and the active component of the catalyst, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimise the effect of total iron loading, the duration of reaction, and reaction temperature. The optimal conditions were total iron loading of 7.5%, a reaction time of 45 min, and a temperature of 850°C with a resulting carbon yield of 131.62%. Raman spectra, field-emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed that the CNTs were of the multiwalled type (MWNTs)

Is anybody 'Learning' from deaths? Sequential content and reflexive thematic analysis of national statutory reporting within the NHS in England 2017-2020

INTRODUCTION: The imperative to learn when a patient dies due to problems in care is absolute. In 2017, the Learning from Deaths (LfDs) framework, a countrywide patient safety programme, was launched in the National Health Service (NHS) in England. NHS Secondary Care Trusts (NSCTs) are legally required to publish quantitative and qualitative information relating to deaths due to problems in care within their organisation, including any learning derived from these deaths. METHOD: All LfDs report from 2017 to 2020 were reviewed and evaluated, quantitatively and qualitatively using sequential content and reflexive thematic analysis, through a critical realist lens to understand what we can learn from LfDs reporting and the mechanisms enabling or preventing engagement with the LfDs programme. RESULTS: The majority of NSCTs have identified learning, actions and, to a lesser degree, assessed the impact of these actions. The most frequent learning relates to missed/delayed/uncoordinated care and communication/cultural issues. System issues and lack of resources feature infrequently. There is significant variation among NSCTs as to what 'learning' in this context actually means and a lack of oversight combining patient safety initiatives. DISCUSSION: Engagement of NSCTs with the LfDs programme varies significantly. Learning as a result of the LfDs programme is occurring. The ability, significance or value of this learning in preventing future patient deaths remains unclear. Consensus about what constitutes effective learning with regard to patient safety needs to be defined and agreed on

National statutory reporting: not even ticking the boxes? The quality of 'Learning from Deaths' reporting in quality accounts within the NHS in England 2017-2020

INTRODUCTION: Regulation through statutory reporting is used in healthcare internationally to improve accountability, quality of care and patient safety. Since 2017, within the National Health Service (NHS) in England, NHS Secondary Care Trusts (NSCTs) are legally required to report annually both quantitative and qualitative information related to patient deaths within their care within their publicly available Quality Accounts as part of a countrywide patient safety programme: The Learning from Deaths (LfDs) programme. METHOD: All LfDs reports published between 2017 (programme inception) and 2020 were reviewed and evaluated through a critical realist lens, quantitatively reported using descriptive statistics and qualitatively using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: In 2017/2018, 44% of NSCTs reported all six statutory elements of the LfDs reporting regulations, in 2019/2020 35% of NSCTs were reporting this information. A small number of NSCTs did not report any parts of the LfDs regulatory requirements between 2017 and 2020. Multiple qualitative themes arose from this study suggesting problematic engagement with the LfDs programme, erroneous reporting accuracy and errors in written communication. CONCLUSIONS: The LfDs programme has, to some extent, reduced variation and improved consistency to the way that NSCTs identify, report and investigate deaths. However, 3 years into the LfDs programme, the majority of NSCTs are not reporting as required by law. This makes the validity of National statutory reporting in Quality Accounts within the NHS in England questionable as a regulatory process

Review of Pedestrian Load Models for Vibration Serviceability Assessment of Floor Structures

This is the final version. Available on open access from MDPI via the DOI in this recordInnovative design and technological advancements in the construction industry have resulted in an increased use of large, slender and lightweight floors in contemporary office buildings. Compounded by an ever-increasing use of open-plan layouts with few internal partitions and thus lower damping, floor vibration is becoming a governing limit state in the modern structural design originating from dynamic footfall excitations. This could cause annoyance and discomfort to building occupants as well as knock-on management and financial consequences for facility owners. This article presents a comprehensive review pertinent to walking-induced dynamic loading of low-frequency floor structures. It is intended to introduce and explain key walking parameters in the field as well as summarise the development of previous walking models and methods for vibration serviceability assessment. Although a number of walking models and design procedures have been proposed, the literature survey highlights that further work is required in the following areas; (1) the development of a probabilistic multi-person loading model which accounts for inter- and intra-subject variabilities, (2) the identification of walking paths (routes accounting for the effect of occupancy patterns on office floors) coupled with spatial distribution of pedestrians and (3) the production of a statistical spatial response approach for vibration serviceability assessment. A stochastic approach, capable of taking into account uncertainties in loading model and vibration responses, appears to be a more reliable way forward compared to the deterministic approaches of the past and there is a clear need for further research in this areaEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)Qatar National Research Foundatio