Buffalo Sensory Analysis of Meat in the City of Medellin, Colombia, South America

The aim of this study was to determine the organoleptic properties of meat buffaloes in the town of Medellin, Colombia. It was a methodology employed with satisfaction hedonic scale of five-point verbal. GLM method was employed, with the technical MANOVA, with the orthogonal contrasts canonical, determining the dimensionality, in that the response variables were expressed by the criterion of maximum likelihood. The analysis was complemented through the technique of Spearman, using the SAS statistical package version 9.0. In making, the MANOVA, for the response variables smell, taste, tact and general appearance of the product found no statistical differences (p> 0.05). However, the variables above presented statistical relationship (p <0.05), when the ANOVA analysis for each gender. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed that there are significant correlations between the different responses, for both men and women. This result indicates that the meat buffaloes, will present a good acceptance by the general public and therefore an acceptable marketing in the city of Medellin

ANÁLISIS SENSORIAL DE LA CARNE BUFALINA (Bubalus bubalis) EN LA CIUDAD DE PALMIRA, COLOMBIA.

Con el objetivo de determinar las propiedades organolépticas de la carne bufalina, se realizó un estudio basado en un análisis sensorial, en 102 personas de la ciudad de Palmira (Colombia) con un rango de edad comprendida entre 11 y 65 años, de ambos sexos. A cada persona se le proporcionaron 100g de carne bufalina en cortes de primera calidad, asadas al carbón. Se empleo la metodología afectiva con una escala de satisfacción hedónica verbal de 5 puntos y mediante lassiguientes preguntas se evaluaron características como: 1. ¿Qué tanto le gusta el sabor?, 2.¿Qué tanto le gusta la consistencia (Blanda y jugosa)?, 3.¿Qué tanto le gusta este producto en general?. Para el análisis estadístico se empleo un análisis factorial de correspondencia múltiple con clasificación jerárquica, análisis exploratorio unidimensional; adicionalmente se trabajo con la tabla de Burt para observar bidimensionalmente el comportamiento de las variables. En el análisis estadístico encontró que el sabor de la carne de búfalo “Le gusto mucho” al 63.7% de los encuestados, en cuanto a la consistencia (blanda y jugosa) el 65.5%, afirmó que “Le gusto mucho” la carne, mientras que el 4.9% de la población encuestada consideró que la consistencia no correspondía a sus expectativas, calificándola con un disgusto en el concepto “Le disgustó un poco” y “Le disgustó mucho” la carne bufalina. En la evaluación general del producto los encuestados aceptaron en un 90.2% el producto con un calificativo entre: “Le gustó un poco” y “Le gusto mucho”, siendo más frecuente la respuesta de las personas encuestadas a las cuales “Le gusto mucho” la carne de búfalo. Se puede estimar que el mercado de la carne bufalina tiene una demanda potencial del 81.3% del total de la muestra encuestada, esto permite estimar que el parámetro de aceptación para este tipo de carne fue alto.Palabras clave: Búfalos, carne, clasificación jerárquica, Análisis sensorial, Palmira.Buffaloes, meat, Hierarchic classification, sensorial analysis, Palmir

Caracterización Faneróptica Y Morfológica De La Hembra Ovina De Pelo Criollo (Camura) Colombiana, En La Sub Región Sabanas Y Golfo De Morrosquillo Departamento De Sucre

In order to study the body conformation of Creoles hair sheep (Camura), 311 femalesolder than 2 years of age and not gravid was taken of a random sample of belonging toeigth farms located in Savannas and Gulf of Morrosquillo sub-region in Sucredepartment, during the months of January to March 2011; animals with morphologicaland physiological defects were not considered. Faneróptica and morphologicalcharacteristics were the basis of the study, evaluating qualitative variables such as coatcolor, mucous pigmentation, hooves and udder, croup like slope, head profile, earsposition and size, depth udder and neck size, which were recorded on field cards. Thecontrols for each of the qualitative variables were performed using direct observationand photographic images for the description of coat color. Descriptive statistic, based ondistribution frequency tables, was used to evaluate the qualitative variables. In sheep ofthis breed predominated brown color, with black shades, mucous dark nasal, carmeliteshooves, shallow udder and un pigmented, sloping rump, long neck, head profile straight,horizontal ears and sizes ranging from small and medium. Corporal weight was 30.2 ?5.5 kg. It is concluded that the female-CAMURA Colombian Creole sheep showconsistent body morphology for meat production, along with those who allow properlocomotion under extensive systems, maintaining a good adaptation to theenvironmental conditions to which exposed.Objetivando estudiar la conformación corporal de ovinos de pelo criollos (Camura), se tomó una muestra aleatoria de 311 hembras mayores a 2 años de edad, vacías, pertenecientes a 8 fincas ubicadas en la sub-región Sabanas y Golfo de Morrosquillo en el departamento de Sucre, durante los meses de enero-marzo de 2011. Las características fanerópticas y morfológicas fueron la base del estudio, evaluándose variables cualitativas como: color de la capa, pigmentación de mucosas, pezuñas y ubre, al igual que inclinación de la grupa, perfil cefálico, dirección y tamaño de las orejas, profundidad de la ubre y tamaño del cuello, las cuales se registraron en fichas de campo. Los controles de cada una de las variables cualitativas se realizaron mediante observación directa e imágenes fotográficas, para la descripción de color de capa. Para evaluar las variables cualitativas se utilizó estadística descriptiva basada en tablas de distribución de frecuencias. En los ovinos de pelo criollos (Camura), predominó el color café, con mucosas nasales de tonalidades negras y oscurecidas, pezuñas marrón claro, ubre poco profunda sin pigmentación, grupa inclinada, cuello largo, perfil cefálico recto, orejas horizontales y de tamaño que varía entre pequeño y mediano. Peso corporal de 30,2 ? 5,5 Kg. En conclusión las hembra ovino criollo - Camura colombiana, muestran una morfología corporal acorde a la producción cárnica, conjuntamente con aquellos que permiten una locomoción adecuada bajo sistemas extensivos, manteniendo una buena adaptación a las condiciones ambientales a las cuales está expuesta

Random regression models for milk, fat and protein in Colombian Buffaloes

Objective. Covariance functions for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects and, subsequently, genetic parameters for test-day milk (MY), fat (FY) protein (PY) yields and mozzarella cheese (MP) in buffaloes from Colombia were estimate by using Random regression models (RRM) with Legendre polynomials (LP). Materials and Methods. Test-day records of MY, FY, PY and MP from 1884 first lactations of buffalo cows from 228 sires were analyzed. The animals belonged to 14 herds in Colombia between 1995 and 2011. Ten monthly classes of days in milk were considered for test-day yields. The contemporary groups were defined as herd-year-month of milk test-day. Random additive genetic, permanent environmental and residual effects were included in the model. Fixed effects included the contemporary group, linear and quadratic effects of age at calving, and the average lactation curve of the population, which was modeled by third-order LP. Random additive genetic and permanent environmental effects were estimated by RRM using third- to- sixth-order LP. Residual variances were modeled using homogeneous and heterogeneous structures. Results. The heritabilities for MY, FY, PY and MP ranged from 0.38 to 0.05, 0.67 to 0.11, 0.50 to 0.07 and 0.50 to 0.11, respectively. Conclusions. In general, the RRM are adequate to describe the genetic variation in test-day of MY, FY, PY and MP in Colombian buffaloes.Key words: Cattle, genetics, zootechnics (Source: EuroVoc)

Modelación de parametros genéticos mediante regresión aleatoria en búfalos lecheros

The Random regression models (RRM) for genetic evaluation in dairy cattle consider individual lactation curves as deviations from the mean, using ordinary polynomials of linear functions. A total 5386 milk yields records were analyzed, corresponding to1,546 first lactations of crossbred buffalo cow, daughters of 30 bulls and 446 cows, between 1998 and 2005. Variance components were estimated using the statistical package WOMBAT. The model included as random additive genetic effects and permanent environmental as fixed effects of contemporary groups (month and year of the control) and age of the cow at calving (quadratic effect). The residual variances were modeled using classes residual variance with 4 classes. The results of the Akaike information criterion and Schwarz Bayesian, suggested that consider the 7th model order Legendre polynomial for the additive effect and 6th order polynomial for the permanent environmental effect was the best. The Heritabilities ranged from 0.10 to 0.33 throughout lactation. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that RRM are appropriate to study the lactation curve in dairy buffaloes in this herd.Los modelos de regresión aleatoria (MRA) son utilizados para estudiar las curvas de lactancia individuales como desvíos de la media, mediante el uso de polinomios ordinarios de funciones lineales. Fueron analizados 5.386 registros para La PDC de 1.546 primeras lactancias de búfalas mestizas, hijas de 30 toros y 446 búfalas, entre 1998 y 2005. Los componentes de varianza fueron estimados utilizando el paquete estadístico WOMBAT. El modelo incluyó como aleatorios los efectos genéticos aditivo y de ambiente permanente, como efectos fijos los grupos contemporáneos (mes y año del control) y edad de la búfala al parto (efecto lineal y cuadrático). Las varianzas residuales fueron modeladas utilizando clases de varianza con 4 clases residuales. Los resultados de los criterios de información de Akaike y de Bayesiano de Schwarz, sugirieron que el modelo que considero el 7 orden del polinomio de Legendre para el efecto aditivo y el 6 orden polinomial para el efecto de ambiente permanente fue el mejor. Las heredabilidades variaron desde 0,10 hasta 0,33 a lo largo de la lactancia. En conclusión, los MRA son apropiados para estudiar la curva de lactancia en búfalos lecheros en este rebaño

Modelación aplicada a las ciencias animales : II. Evaluaciones genéticas

Este es el segundo libro de la serie “Modelación aplicada a las ciencias animales”, producido por investigadores de la Universidad de Antioquia y la Universidad de Córdoba, quienes han logrado ser líderes en el campo de genética y mejoramiento de animales domésticos en Colombia. El primer libro fue publicado por el Fondo Editorial Biogénesis en agosto de 2008 y tuvo como objetivo abordar aspectos básicos de álgebra matricial, estadística y genética cuantitativa, necesarios para entender los modelos avanzados de evaluación genética con aplicación directa a poblaciones de una raza (poblaciones unirraciales) y de varias razas y grupos cruzados (poblaciones multirraciales). El presente libro continúa con la estructura de la obra y con el propósito original de los autores de cubrir en cada capítulo aspectos teóricos de modelaje, ejemplos numéricos explicados en detalle, y aspectos computacionales más complejos desarrollados en apéndices con la ayuda de programas de computación. Esta estrategia tripartita pretende que el lector entienda cabalmente el tema expuesto en cada capítulo.https://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/revistas/index.php/biogenesi

Short communication: Genetic analysis of lactation curves in buffaloes, using Wood’s model

Aim of study: To estimate the heritability and genetic correlations for lactation curve traits in buffaloes.Area of study: The buffalo cows were raised on properties located in the states of São Paulo, Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.Material and methods: The individual parameters of Wood’s model ( , , and ) were obtained using a non-linear mixed model. Peak yield (PY), peak time (PT) and lactation persistency (LP) were also calculated. These individual parameters were employed in multi-trait analysis with the milk yield (MY) using Bayesian inference.Main results: The heritability estimates were of low to moderate magnitudes, with values ranging from 0.156 ( ) to 0.299 (PY). The estimates for genetic correlation between the Wood’s parameters and MY were of low to high magnitude and ranged from -0.533 (  and MY) to 0.983 (PY and MY).Research highlights: The heritability estimates obtained indicate that the traits studied can be used in animal breeding programs

Interação genótipo-ambiente para a produção de leite em bubalinos no Brasil e na Colômbia

Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal determinar a existência de interação genótipo ambiente em Bubalinos do Brasil e da Colômbia por meio da correlação genética para a produção de leite aos 240 (PL240) e aos 270 dias da lactação (PL270). Foram utilizados os arquivos genealógicos e de produção de 12 fazendas do Brasil, localizadas nos estados de São Paulo e Ceará e 5 fazendas da Colômbia, localizadas nos estados de Córdoba e Magdalena. Foram realizadas análises conjuntas para cada característica de tipo bicarácter nos dois países, considerando a produção de leite (PL) em cada país como uma característica distinta. Utilisou-se o método de máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML) com um algoritmo livre de derivações num modelo animal com medidas repetidas. Nas análises preliminares foram incluídos os efeitos fixos: Grupo Contemporâneo (Rebanho e Ano de parto), estação de parto, e como co-variável a idade da búfala (efeito linear e quadrático), os efeitos aleatórios genéticos aditivos de animal, do ambiente permanente da búfala e resíduo. A Correlação genética para a produção de leite foi estimada utilizando os registros produtivos das filhas dos reprodutores em comuns e distribuídas nos diferentes rebanhos para ambos os países. As médias estimadas para a PL240 e PL270 no Brasil e na Colômbia foram de 1638,00±652,00 kg e 871,90±322,90 kg e, 1722,00±703,00 kg e 917,40±356,20 kg, respectivamente. As variâncias genéticas, de ambiente permanente e residual, no Brasil e na Colômbia, diferiram e as estimativas da herdabilidade e da repetibilidade variaram para cada característica. As correlações genéticas no Brasil e na Colômbia foram de 0,10 e 0,13, entre PL240 e PL270, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram a presença de interação genótipo...The objective this study was determined the existence of genotype-environment interaction (GxE) in Brazil and Colombia dairy buffaloes through the genetic correlation of milk yield to 240 (MY240) and 270 (MY270) days of lactation. Data bases genealogical and productive were analyzed from herd of 12 farms in Brazil, located in the São Paulo and Ceará states, and 5 farms of Colombia, located in Cordoba and Magdalena states. Joint analyses were performed for each trait of bi-trait type in the two countries, considering milk yield (MY) in each country as a different trait. The restricted maximum likelihood method (REML) using a derivative-free algorithm applied to an animal model with repeated measures. In preliminary analysis were included as fixed effects of contemporary group (herd and year of birth) and birth season, as co-variable and age of buffalo birth (linear and quadratic effect) and that random effects additive genetic, permanent environment and residual. The genetic correlation for milk yield was estimated using the yield records of daughters of the common sires and distributed in different herds in the two countries. The estimated average in Brazil and Colombia for MY240 and MY270 were 1.638.00±652.00 kg and 871.90±322.90 kg and 1.722.00 ± 703.00 kg and 917.40 ± 356.20 kg, respectively. The genetic, permanent environmental and residual variance in Brazil and Colombia varied in each country and the estimates of heritability and repeatability were different for each trait. In Brazil and Colombia genetic correlations were 0.10 and 0.13 for MY240 and MY270, respectively. The results indicated presence of GxE between Brazil and Colombia for MY240 and MY270. This effect could have a considerable impact on the genetic evaluation of sires due to differences in classification of genotypes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Estudo da interação genótipo ambiente em búfalos leiteiros do Brasil e da Colômbia

The aim of this study was verified the existence of genotype environment interaction (GxE) for traits of economic importance for dairy buffaloes in Brazil and Colombia. A description the problem and the consequences of GxE, and their effect on the genetic parameters in dairy cattle is presented in the first chapter. Moreover, the forms are reviewed to evaluate the effect of GxE, and its relevance to quantitative genetics. In the second chapter was verified the existence of heterogeneity of variances (Hv) for milk yield (MY), fat (FY) and protein (PY) to 270 days of lactation (Y270) in herds in Brazil and Colombia. In analyses reaction norm, the variance components were regressed on the average of MY, FY and PY, adjusted for each class of environmental descriptors (ED) in univariate-traits in animal models. The median estimates of the distributions functions posterior density of variance components and corresponding estimates of heritability and genetic correlations (GC) of Y270, tended to increase as a greater phenotypic standard deviation, and show a scale effect. Estimates of CG, suggested the existence of GxE for MY and PY. However, the GC showed no FY for GxE. Based on the genetic predicted values minimal change was observed in the reclassification of common sires. In conclusion, it is suggested that at the time of selection of animals jointly is necessary to take into account the residual Hv due to its influence on the variance components. In the third chapter was verified the GxE for test-day milk yield (TDMY) for multi-trait analysis in animal models. In the analysis of random regression models (RRM), the variance components of TDMY were regressed to the mean of milk yield to 270 days (MY270) adjusted for each class of ED (high and low level of MY270). The estimated Variance components and heritability for TDMY, were heterogeneous depending of levels MY270. The GC between TDMY were high and positive for adjacent test-days and ...O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a existência da interação genótipo ambiente(IGA) para características de importância econômica em bubalinos leiteiros do Brasil e Colômbia. No primeiro capitulo é apresentada uma descrição dos problemas e consequências do efeito da IGA, e seus efeitos sobre os parâmetros genéticos em bovinos leiteiros. Alem disso, são revisados as formas de se avaliar o efeito da IGA, e sua relevância na genética quantitativa. No segundo capitulo foi verificada a existência de heterogeneidade de variâncias(Hv) para a produção de leite(PL), gordura(PG) e proteína(PP) até 270 dias da lactação(P270) em rebanhos do Brasil e Colômbia. Na análise da norma de reação, os componentes de variâncias foram regredidos sobre a média da PL, PG e PP, ajustada para cada classe dos descritores ambientais (ED) em análises uni-características em modelos animais. As estimativas médias das distribuições das funções de densidade a posteriori dos componentes de variância e estimativas de correlação genética (CG) e herdabilidade das P270, tenderam a aumentar conforme maior o desvio-padrão fenotípico, e evidenciaram efeito de escala. As estimativas de CG, indicaram a existência de IGA para PL e PP. Entretanto, as CG para PG não evidenciaram IGA. Com base nos valores genéticos preditos foi observado minima alteração na reclassificação dos reprodutores em comum. Como conclusão sugerese que no momento da seleção dos animais de forma conjunta é necessário levar em conta a Hv residual devido a sua influencia sobre os componentes de variância. No terceiro capitulo foi verificado o efeito de IGA para a produção de leite no dia do controle(PLDC) mediante análises multi-característicos em modelos animais. Na análise dos modelos de regressão aleatória(RRM), os componentes de variância das PLDC, foram regredidos sobre a média da produção de leite até 270 dias da lac- tação (PL270) ..