Genetics of common polygenic ischaemic stroke: current understanding and future challenges.

Stroke is the third commonest cause of death and the major cause of adult neurological disability worldwide. While much is known about conventional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and incidence of smoking, these environmental factors only account for a proportion of stroke risk. Up to 50% of stroke risk can be attributed to genetic risk factors, although to date no single risk allele has been convincingly identified as contributing to this risk. Advances in the field of genetics, most notably genome wide association studies (GWAS), have revealed genetic risks in other cardiovascular disease and these techniques are now being applied to ischaemic stroke. This paper covers previous genetic studies in stroke including candidate gene studies, discusses the genome wide association approach, and future techniques such as next generation sequencing and the post-GWAS era. The review also considers the overlap from other cardiovascular diseases and whether findings from these may also be informative in ischaemic stroke

Investment cost channel and monetary transmission

Copyright @ 2011 Central Bank Review. This article is available open access through the publisher’s website at the link below.We show that a standard DSGE model with investment cost channels has important model stability and policy implications. Our analysis suggests that in economies characterized by supply side well as demand side channels of monetary transmission, policymakers may have to resort to a much more aggressive stand against inflation to obtain locally unique equilibrium. In such an environment targeting output gap may cause model instability. We also show that it is difficult to distinguish between the New Keynesian model and labor cost channel only case, while with investment cost channel differences are more significant. This result is important as it suggests that if one does not take into account the investment cost channel, one is underestimating the importance of supply side effects

VMEXT: A Visualization Tool for Mathematical Expression Trees

Mathematical expressions can be represented as a tree consisting of terminal symbols, such as identifiers or numbers (leaf nodes), and functions or operators (non-leaf nodes). Expression trees are an important mechanism for storing and processing mathematical expressions as well as the most frequently used visualization of the structure of mathematical expressions. Typically, researchers and practitioners manually visualize expression trees using general-purpose tools. This approach is laborious, redundant, and error-prone. Manual visualizations represent a user's notion of what the markup of an expression should be, but not necessarily what the actual markup is. This paper presents VMEXT - a free and open source tool to directly visualize expression trees from parallel MathML. VMEXT simultaneously visualizes the presentation elements and the semantic structure of mathematical expressions to enable users to quickly spot deficiencies in the Content MathML markup that does not affect the presentation of the expression. Identifying such discrepancies previously required reading the verbose and complex MathML markup. VMEXT also allows one to visualize similar and identical elements of two expressions. Visualizing expression similarity can support support developers in designing retrieval approaches and enable improved interaction concepts for users of mathematical information retrieval systems. We demonstrate VMEXT's visualizations in two web-based applications. The first application presents the visualizations alone. The second application shows a possible integration of the visualizations in systems for mathematical knowledge management and mathematical information retrieval. The application converts LaTeX input to parallel MathML, computes basic similarity measures for mathematical expressions, and visualizes the results using VMEXT.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, Intelligent Computer Mathematics - 10th International Conference CICM 2017, Edinburgh, UK, July 17-21, 2017, Proceeding

Condensation in microchannels – Surface tension dominated regime

This paper was presented at the 2nd Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2009), which was held at Brunel University, West London, UK. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, IPEM, the Italian Union of Thermofluid dynamics, the Process Intensification Network, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group and the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications.A theoretical model, developed by the authors, for condensation in microchannels takes account of the effects of gravity, streamwise shear stress on the condensate surface as well as the transverse pressure gradient due to surface tension in the presence of change in condensate surface curvature. Numerical results have been generated for various channel shapes, dimensions and inclinations and for various fluids, vapourto-surface temperature differences and vapour mass fluxes. It is found that, over a certain length of channel, the local mean (around the channel perimeter) heat-transfer coefficient is essentially independent of gravity (including inclination of the channel) and surface shear stress and depends only on surface tension. For the surface tension dominated regime an equation for the Nusselt number, as a function of a single dimensionless group analogous to that occurring in the simple Nusselt theory except that the gravity is replaced by surface tension, has been derived both on the basis of dimensional analysis and by approximate theory. The equation represents all of the data satisfactorily

Finite element simulation of powder compaction via shock consolidation using gas-gun system

Shock consolidation is a promising method for consolidation of nanocrystalline metallic powders since it can prevent grain growth of nanopowders during the process due to very short processing time. However, internal cracks often occurs in powder compacts during the shock consolidation process. In this paper, finite element simulations showed that reflected tensile wave causes spall phenomena resulting internal crack of powder compaction during shock compaction process. To reduce spall phenomena, FEM simulation with changing compaction die's geometry was performed to find out relationship between shape and tensile wave intensity. Based on FEM results, new compaction die was designed and bulk nanocrystalline Cu are obtained using new compaction die. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.open1111Ysciescopu

Disruption of HOX activity leads to cell death that can be enhanced by the interference of iron uptake in malignant B cells.

The HOX genes encode a family of transcription factors that are dysregulated in several malignancies and have been implicated in oncogenesis and cancer cell survival. Disruption of HOX protein function using the peptide HXR9 has shown anti-tumor effects against melanoma, lung cancer and renal cancer. In this report, we evaluated the expression of all 39 HOX genes in a panel of six malignant B-cell lines, including multiple myeloma cells and found different levels of expression of HOX family members suggesting that they also have a role in malignant B-cell survival. We show that disrupting HOX function using the peptide HXR9 induces significant cytotoxicity in the entire panel of cell lines. Importantly, we found that the cytotoxic effects of HXR9 can be enhanced by combining it with ch128.1Av, an antibody-avidin fusion protein specific for the human transferrin receptor 1 (CD71). Iron starvation induced by the fusion protein contributes to the enhanced effect and involves, at least in part, the induction of a caspase-independent pathway. These results show the relevance of HOX proteins in malignant B-cell survival and suggest that our therapeutic strategy may be effective in the treatment of incurable B-cell malignancies such as multiple myeloma

KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MENERAPKAN KETERAMPILAN VARIASI STIMULUS DI SD NEGERI 71 BANDA ACEH

ABSTRAKHs, Aliffiani. 2017. Kemampuan Guru Dalam Menerapkan Keterampilan Variasi Stimulus di SD Negeri 71 Banda Aceh. Skripsi, Jurusan Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Pembimbing:(1)Dra. Alfiati Syafrina, M.Pd.,(2) Drs. M. Husin, M.Pd.Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Guru, Keterampilan Variasi StimulusDalam Konteks belajar mengajar kemampuan guru dalam mengajar harus memiliki keterampilan dasar mengajar salah satunya keterampilan variasi stimulus. Penelitian ini berupaya mengungkapkan kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan keterampilan variasi stimulus di SD Negeri 71 Banda Aceh. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan keterampilan variasi stimulus di SD Negeri 71 Banda Aceh. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian yaitu deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi dan wawancara. Teknik observasi dilakukan kepada 6 orang guru kelas yang mengajar di masing-masing kelas I sampai kelas VI untuk melihat kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan keterampilan variasi stimulus dan teknik wawancara dilakukan kepada 6 orang guru kelas I sampai kelas VI. Selanjutnya seluruh data diolah dengan tahapan analisis data kualitatif yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan/verifikasi kesimpulan data.Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, hasil penelitian ini dapat dikemukakan bahwa selama proses belajar mengajar guru sudah baik dalam pemberian suara, jeda, pemusatan, dan kontak pandang, namun masih kurang dalam penggunaan media, interaksi, dan variasi gerak terhadap siswa selama proses belajar mengajar berlangsung. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan keterampilan variasi stimulus di SD Negeri 71 Banda Aceh sudah baik

Iterative learning control method for improving the effectiveness of upper limb rehabilitation

In rehabilitation, passive control mode is common used at early stages of the post-stroke therapy, when the impaired limb is usually unresponsive. The simplest is the use of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback control which usually regulates the position or the interaction force along a known reference. Nonetheless PID method cannot achieve an ideal tracking performance due to dynamical uncertainties and unknown time-varying periodic disturbances from the environment. In order to minimize steady-state error with respect to uncertainties in exoskeleton passive control, Iterative Learning Control(ILC) and Neural PID control are proposed to improve the control effective of conventional linear PID. In this paper, two different control algorithms are introduced. Moreover, an experimental study on a 5-DOF upper limb exoskeleton with them is addressed for comparison

Asymmetric Epoxidation: A Twinned Laboratory and Molecular Modeling Experiment for Upper-Level Organic Chemistry Students

The coupling of a student experiment involving the preparation and use of a catalyst for the asymmetric epoxidation of an alkene with computational simulations of various properties of the resulting epoxide is set out in the form of a software toolbox from which students select appropriate components. At the core of these are the computational spectroscopic tools, whereby a measured spectrum can be interpreted in some detail using theoretical simulations. These include a range of modern chiroptical methods to accompany the increased use of such techniques in modern teaching laboratories. Computational experiments are captured in a Wiki-based electronic laboratory notebook, which features data-stamping, authenticated entries, and inclusion of semantically intact data via interactive models rendered within the Wiki using JSmol and its referencing via a digital object identifier (DOI) to a digital data repository