Appropriateness in using LANDSAT in development energy related data bases

The use of automated classification systems in the field of resource management and resource inventory is discussed. Applications of LANDSAT classification are outlined and include: energy load forecasting based upon land use inventories and change analysis, impact analysis of activities related to energy extraction, capability/suitability mapping in support of generation and substation location and transmission line routing, and assessment of solar energy potential in a highly urbanized setting where land values are high. It is found that the use of LANDSAT data is adequate for general inventories where few data categories are required, where resolution of data to around 150 acres minimum is required, and where no other complete imagery set can be obtained

Do the Poor Pay More? An Empirical Investigation

Poverty and homelessness are a rising problem in the United States. For the individuals and families that have fallen under such circumstances, it can be very difficult to overcome poverty. This paper shows areas where low-income persons pay more money and how they are additionally disadvantaged. Based on a review of the available literature, there is a summary of the practices causing the low -income to pay more money. These practices include check cashing services, payday lenders, lack of grocery stores, tax preparation services, wire money services, rent-a-center stores and more. Some of these practices exist and are not solved because of the real and perceived risk of doing business in low income areas, lack of choices and knowledge for low-income families, as well as unscrupulous business practices towards the poor. A closer look is taken of Woonsocket, Rhode Island as another component of this empirical research project which examines how the community’s underprivileged people are being affected. A number of mapping methods of the Woonsocket area are included, dividing the area by census tracts. Different neighborhoods are analyzed to identify the location of things like rent-a-centers and check cashing services, as well as the lack of institutions such as grocery stores. The results show that in areas of low income and low education, more of the businesses that prey on the poor exist. Possible solutions are also discussed that could be implemented in Woonsocket

Development of the Participant\u27s Manual for a Divorce Recovery Seminar

Problem. Ministers receive little, if any, training in ministering to the emotional and spiritual needs of church members and community people who experience divorce. No seminar manual on divorce recovery is recommended by the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists to aid a local pastor in assisting those experiencing the trauma of divorce. Method. A manual was developed and designed for a ten-week Divorce Recovery Seminar. It was then used with an experimental group who participated in a seminar. The Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale was used as a test instrument and administered to a composite group consisting of participants from previous seminars and to the experimental group. The Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale was administered at the beginning of the ten-week, session, and measured the overall adjustment of the participants to the divorce process. Results. Post-test scores of the Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale showed significant growth of the participants in the divorce adjustment process. Participant growth is attributed to their participation in the structured ten-week seminar, manual, homework assignments, leaming about the divorce process, and interaction with other members of the group. Conclusions. The divorce recovery manual, in conjunction with the ten-week seminar, is beneficial to those experiencing the trauma of divorce. It helps them to grow emotionally, physically, spiritually, and socially in the divorce adjustment process

Understanding Self-Injurious Behaviors: Treatment and Implications for School Counselors

This review examined the implications of dealing with students who self-harm and how school counselors can effectively cope with this ever prominent issue among adolescents. The current study examined the trend of school counselors who have adopted a school or district-wide policy which dictates whether parent contact was made when a student presents with self-injury. Eighty-five different schools throughout Western New York were surveyed as to the existence of a policy or procedure. The respondents were asked specifically whether parents or guardians were contacted whenever a student presents with self-injurious behavior or if each situation was examined individually. This information was then used to promote discussions regarding the implementation of a policy or procedure at the internship site. A resource manual was also constructed for the education and use of the counseling staff. Implications for further research and limitations of this study were also discussed

Child care and welfare reform.

Abstract not available

Responsive Shift Probes for Magnetic Resonance

Magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging can provide chemical information about biological tissue. However, 1H MR shift imaging in vivo is a much less exploited technique than standard MRI, due to the presence of strong NMR signals from water and fat. Paramagnetic lanthanide(III) complexes, in which a tert-butyl reporter group is incorporated, can be used to shift a proton resonance ±80 ppm from the water signal allowing selective observation. The proximity of the paramagnetic lanthanide(III) ion enhances the longitudinal relaxation rates of the surrounding nuclei, permitting faster data acquisition per unit time. The chemical shifts of paramagnetically shifted proton resonances, within kinetically stable macrocyclic lanthanide(III) complexes, inherently encode temperature information. The introduction of a phosphonate group adjacent to the tert-butyl reporter group introduces pH responsive behaviour. The dual sensitivity of such probes has allowed the simultaneous triple imaging of the water signal and the shifted tert butyl signals of thulium(III) and dysprosium(III) complexes of a common ligand, separated by over 160 ppm. Spectral imaging experiments in vivo allow the pH and temperature of the liver, kidney and bladder to be measured within a mouse model. Further modification of the ligand structure changes the biodistribution profile of the complex whilst maintaining and even improving the chemical shift and relaxation rates of the probe. In-depth structural and NMR analysis of a series of lanthanide complexes based on different ligand motifs has demonstrated that the MR properties of a paramagnetic complex cannot be readily predicted using the longstanding theories of shift and relaxation. Seemingly small modifications to ligand structure can significantly alter the size, magnitude, sign and orientation of the magnetic susceptibility tensor. Finally, introduction of a specific zinc(II) ion chelating agent adjacent to the tert-butyl reporter group has created the first zinc(II) responsive paramagnetic probe for proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The strong and selective binding of zinc(II) was shown to be reversible