The effect of disinfectant based on hydrogen peroxide, lactic and perlactic acids on the laboratory rats

Nowadays, there are many types of disinfectants available on the market. At the same time, an analysis of scientific literature shows the lack of disinfectants based on perlactic acid, which has no less pronounced oxidative properties than the other acids, used for disinfection. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of “Biolide” disinfectant based on hydrogen peroxide, lactic and perlactic acids on the laboratory rats. Different concentrations of this disinfectant was inserted to animals intragastrically, by application on skin and by inhalation (cages processing). Authors identified the LD50, irritant and sensitizing effects, immunological parameters of blood. The LD50 was 5292 mg/kg for male and 5041 mg/kg for female rats after intragastric insertion. This disinfectant had a temporary irritant and sensitizing effects on the skin of rats and no negative effect on the indicators of nonspecific immune response in the form of 0.2 % solution. Studies regarding the SBA and the quantitative content of E and EAC rosette-forming cells (E-RFC and ЕАС-RFC) showed a suppressive effect of not only 2.0 % but also 1.0 % of the biolide solution. This study proved that biolide has no toxicity properties and exhibits temporary sensitizing and irritating effect only in the form of a concentrate. Results of research indicated that this disinfectant belongs to fourth class according to the classification of chemicals by the degree of hazard, which allows its use in the presence of animals

Сучасний стан бджільництва в Україні та перспективи розвитку апі-туризму в Рівненській області

The article examines the current state and problems of beekeeping products market development in the Rivne region and Ukraine. The prospects for the development of apiturism in the Rivne region have been assessed. It has been established that Ukraine has sufficient resources for the intensification of the development of tourist and recreational activities, the use of which will contribute to the development of infrastructure and the solution of a number of social and economic issues of the activities of territorial communities, the development of environmental education, the dissemination of knowledge about the history and culture of our people, and the improvement of the population. Apitourism, as a component of rural green tourism of the Rivne region, will contribute to the preservation of jobs in rural areas and is a way to ensure the development of the infrastructure of non-urbanized rural areas with minimal technogenic load. The further development of apitourism will contribute to the growth of a positive image of Ukraine in the international arena as a producer and exporter of high-quality beekeeping products. The territory of the Rivne region is sufficiently equipped with natural objects for the development of beekeeping and apitourism in particular. In the presence of significant areas of the objects of the nature reserve fund, the territory of which is not subject to significant anthropogenic load, it is possible to increase the production of beekeeping products from ecologically clean territories and the implementation of state and regional programs for the development of this type of activity. On the example of one of the personal peasant households, it was established that the apitherapy of the private estate of Malih Sadiv is a young direction of modern medicine in the Rivne region. It consists in the use of healing products produced by bees. They are used to improve the health of the human body to strengthen immunity. The air inside the api-inhalation room is saturated with biologically active substances of propolis, which has antimicrobial properties.У статті розглянуто сучасний стан та проблеми розвитку ринку продукції бджільництва в Рівненській області та Україні. Оцінено перспективи розвитку апітуризму в Рівненській області. Встановлено, що Україна володіє достатніми для інтенсифікації розвитку туристично-рекреаційної діяльності ресурсами, використання яких сприятиме розвитку інфраструктури та вирішенню ряду соціальних та економічних питань діяльності територіальних громад, розвитку екологічної освіти, поширенню знань про історію та культуру нашого народу, оздоровлення населення. Апітуризм як складова сільського зеленого туризму Рівненщини, сприятиме збереженню робочих місць в сільській місцевості та є способом забезпечення розвитку інфраструктури неурбанізованих сільських територій при мінімальному техногенному навантаженні. Подальший розвиток апітуризму сприятиме зростанню позитивного іміджу України на міжнародній арені, як виробника і експортера якісної продукції бджільництва. Територія Рівненської області достатньо забезпечена природними об’єктами для розвитку бджільництва та апітуризму зокрема. За наявності значних площ об’єктів природно-заповідного фонду, територія яких не зазнає значного антропогенного навантаження, можливе збільшення обсягів виробництва продукції бджільництва з екологічно чистих територій та впровадження державних і регіональних програм розвитку даного виду діяльності. На прикладі одного з особистих селянських господарств встановлено, що апітерапія приватної садиби с. Малих Садів є молодим напрямком сучасної медицини Рівненської області. Вона полягає у використанні цілющих продуктів, вироблених бджолами. Їх застосовують для оздоровлення організму людини та зміцнення імунітету. Повітря апі-інгаляційної кімнати всередині насичене біологічно активними речовинами прополісу, який має антимікробні властивості

Impact of renal impairment on atrial fibrillation: ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and renal impairment share a bidirectional relationship with important pathophysiological interactions. We evaluated the impact of renal impairment in a contemporary cohort of patients with AF. Methods: We utilised the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry. Outcomes were analysed according to renal function by CKD-EPI equation. The primary endpoint was a composite of thromboembolism, major bleeding, acute coronary syndrome and all-cause death. Secondary endpoints were each of these separately including ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic event, intracranial haemorrhage, cardiovascular death and hospital admission. Results: A total of 9306 patients were included. The distribution of patients with no, mild, moderate and severe renal impairment at baseline were 16.9%, 49.3%, 30% and 3.8%, respectively. AF patients with impaired renal function were older, more likely to be females, had worse cardiac imaging parameters and multiple comorbidities. Among patients with an indication for anticoagulation, prescription of these agents was reduced in those with severe renal impairment, p <.001. Over 24 months, impaired renal function was associated with significantly greater incidence of the primary composite outcome and all secondary outcomes. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between eGFR and the primary outcome (HR 1.07 [95% CI, 1.01–1.14] per 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 decrease), that was most notable in patients with eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 (HR 2.21 [95% CI, 1.23–3.99] compared to eGFR ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2). Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients with AF suffer from concomitant renal impairment which impacts their overall management. Furthermore, renal impairment is an independent predictor of major adverse events including thromboembolism, major bleeding, acute coronary syndrome and all-cause death in patients with AF

Impact of clinical phenotypes on management and outcomes in European atrial fibrillation patients: a report from the ESC-EHRA EURObservational Research Programme in AF (EORP-AF) General Long-Term Registry

Background: Epidemiological studies in atrial fibrillation (AF) illustrate that clinical complexity increase the risk of major adverse outcomes. We aimed to describe European AF patients\u2019 clinical phenotypes and analyse the differential clinical course. Methods: We performed a hierarchical cluster analysis based on Ward\u2019s Method and Squared Euclidean Distance using 22 clinical binary variables, identifying the optimal number of clusters. We investigated differences in clinical management, use of healthcare resources and outcomes in a cohort of European AF patients from a Europe-wide observational registry. Results: A total of 9363 were available for this analysis. We identified three clusters: Cluster 1 (n = 3634; 38.8%) characterized by older patients and prevalent non-cardiac comorbidities; Cluster 2 (n = 2774; 29.6%) characterized by younger patients with low prevalence of comorbidities; Cluster 3 (n = 2955;31.6%) characterized by patients\u2019 prevalent cardiovascular risk factors/comorbidities. Over a mean follow-up of 22.5 months, Cluster 3 had the highest rate of cardiovascular events, all-cause death, and the composite outcome (combining the previous two) compared to Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 (all P <.001). An adjusted Cox regression showed that compared to Cluster 2, Cluster 3 (hazard ratio (HR) 2.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.27\u20133.62; HR 3.42, 95%CI 2.72\u20134.31; HR 2.79, 95%CI 2.32\u20133.35), and Cluster 1 (HR 1.88, 95%CI 1.48\u20132.38; HR 2.50, 95%CI 1.98\u20133.15; HR 2.09, 95%CI 1.74\u20132.51) reported a higher risk for the three outcomes respectively. Conclusions: In European AF patients, three main clusters were identified, differentiated by differential presence of comorbidities. Both non-cardiac and cardiac comorbidities clusters were found to be associated with an increased risk of major adverse outcomes

Clinical complexity and impact of the ABC (Atrial fibrillation Better Care) pathway in patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from the ESC-EHRA EURObservational Research Programme in AF General Long-Term Registry

Background: Clinical complexity is increasingly prevalent among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The ‘Atrial fibrillation Better Care’ (ABC) pathway approach has been proposed to streamline a more holistic and integrated approach to AF care; however, there are limited data on its usefulness among clinically complex patients. We aim to determine the impact of ABC pathway in a contemporary cohort of clinically complex AF patients. Methods: From the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF General Long-Term Registry, we analysed clinically complex AF patients, defined as the presence of frailty, multimorbidity and/or polypharmacy. A K-medoids cluster analysis was performed to identify different groups of clinical complexity. The impact of an ABC-adherent approach on major outcomes was analysed through Cox-regression analyses and delay of event (DoE) analyses. Results: Among 9966 AF patients included, 8289 (83.1%) were clinically complex. Adherence to the ABC pathway in the clinically complex group reduced the risk of all-cause death (adjusted HR [aHR]: 0.72, 95%CI 0.58–0.91), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs; aHR: 0.68, 95%CI 0.52–0.87) and composite outcome (aHR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.58–0.85). Adherence to the ABC pathway was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of death (aHR: 0.74, 95%CI 0.56–0.98) and composite outcome (aHR: 0.76, 95%CI 0.60–0.96) also in the high-complexity cluster; similar trends were observed for MACEs. In DoE analyses, an ABC-adherent approach resulted in significant gains in event-free survival for all the outcomes investigated in clinically complex patients. Based on absolute risk reduction at 1 year of follow-up, the number needed to treat for ABC pathway adherence was 24 for all-cause death, 31 for MACEs and 20 for the composite outcome. Conclusions: An ABC-adherent approach reduces the risk of major outcomes in clinically complex AF patients. Ensuring adherence to the ABC pathway is essential to improve clinical outcomes among clinically complex AF patients